Simulation of accommodation and low-order aberrations using our technique. Approximate distances of the scene objects are: white and blue flower, 0.5 m; red flower, 1 m; and game box, 2 m. (left) Simulated viewof a myopic subject with 0.5 diopters and no accommodation. Starting from a relatively sharp game box texture, the amount of blur increases as the distance decreases towards the white and blue flower. Note the blurry blue petal against the sharp game box texture. The reference (sharp) sub-images are shown at the bottom of the image on the right. (center) Simulated view of the same myopic individual, this time accommodating at the white and blue flower, which appears sharp while the game box texture becomes blurry. (right) Scene depth (darkermeans closer) (top) and reference sub-images (bottom).

Real-Time Simulation of Accommodation and Low-Order Aberrations of the Human Eye
Using Light-Gathering Trees

Alex R. Cunha Lima arclima@inf.ufrgs.br

Arthur M. Medeiros ammedeiros@inf.ufrgs.br

Vitor G. Marques vitor.marques@inf.ufrgs.br

Manuel M. Oliveira oliveira@inf.ufrgs.br

The Visual Computer.
Volume 37, Number 9, pp. 2581-2593, 2021. [DOI]

We present a real-time technique for simulating accommodation and low-order aberrations (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) of the human eye. Our approach models the corresponding point spread function, producing realistic depthdependent simulations. Real-time performance is achieved with the use of a novel light-gathering tree data structure, which allows us to approximate the contributions of over 300 samples per pixel under 6ms per frame. For comparison, with the same time budget, an optimized ray tracer exploring specialized hardware acceleration traces two samples per pixel. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through a series of qualitative and quantitative experiments on images with depth from real environments. Our results achieved SSIM values ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 and PSNR ranging from 32.4 to 43.0 in objective evaluations, indicating good agreement with the ground truth.

Keywords

Real-time visual simulation, Low-order aberrations, Partial occlusions, Ray tracing.

Paper

Paper (pre-print)

The final publication (incorporating the feedback from the reviewing process) is available at Springer

Citation

Alex R. Cunha Lima, Arthur M. Medeiros, Vitor G. Maraques, Manuel M. Oliveira. Real-Time Simulation of Accommodation and Low-Order Aberrations of the Human Eye Using Light-Gathering Trees, The Visual Computer, Volume 37 (9), pp. 2581-2593, 2021.

BibTeX

@article{CunhaLimaOliveira_2021,
    author  = {Alex R. Cunha Lima and Arthur M. Medeiros and Vitor G. Marques and Manuel M. Oliveira},
    title   = {Real-Time Simulation of Accommodation and Low-Order Aberrations of the Human Eye Using Light-Gathering Trees},
    journal = {The Visual Computer},
    volume  = {37},
    Number  = {9},
    DOI     = {10.1007/s00371-021-02194-3},
    ISSN    = {0178-2789},
    pages   = {2581--2593},
    year    = {2021}
}
  

This work was sponsored by

	CNPq-Brazil fellowships and grants 312975/2018-0, 423673/2016-5 and 131288/2016-4.