Core Ontology of Petroleum Installations (COPI)
type: Ontology
version IRI: copi.owl
bibliographic citation: Santos, N.O., Antunes, C., Abel, M., Netto, J. (2026). Axiomatizing Industrial Reference Data: A BFO/IOF-Core Enrichment of ISO 15926-4 Equipment Classes. In: Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2026). IOS Press.
contributor: Cauã Antunes
contributor: Haroldo Rojas
contributor: Mara Abel
contributor: Rafael Petry
contributor: Régis Romeu
created: 2026-03-01
creator: Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos
description: BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants.
issued: 2026-06-23
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2026-07-12
publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
rights: Copyright © 2026 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Available under the CC BY 4.0 License.
source: bfo.owl
source: COPI
source: Core
title: Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI) @pt
status: unstable
preferred namespace prefix: copi
version info: 2026-07-17
scope note: Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia. @pt-br
scope note: COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos. @pt-br
scope note: COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification.
scope note: Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy.

abstract
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: summary of the resource
usage note: This annotation is used to describe an artifact such as a vocabulary, ontology, or ontology module.
sub property of: description

contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: entity responsible for making contributions to the resource

creator
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: entity responsible for making the resource
sub property of: contributor

description
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: account of the resource
usage note: This annotation is used to describe an artifact such as a vocabulary, ontology, or ontology module.
sub property of: note

issued
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: date of formal issuance of the resource
usage note: This annotation is used to describe an artifact such as a vocabulary, ontology, or ontology module.

license
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource

modified
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: date on which the resource was changed

publisher
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: entity responsible for making the resource available
usage note: Used to document the primary agent (organization or person) responsible for the resource. This will be "Industrial Ontology Foundry" for IOF artifacts.

references
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource

rights
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: information about rights held in and over the resource

source
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: related resource from which the described resource is derived
explanatory note: The intent is to provide a user with a reference as to how the thing being annotated was derived or arrived at. - The source can be a URL to a standard, common dictionary (e.g. Oxford), or similar reference. Or it can be a short description of where the entity being annotated was derived from. - The 'Source' annotation would most likely be used as an annotation on an annotation. For instance annotating a Natural Language definition annotation.

title
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: name given to the resource
usage note: Used for formal title of an artifact (but not individual elements such as classes or properties).

comment
definition: instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human-readable description of a resource
usage note: Use of this annotation is deprecated in IOF. This annotation MUST NOT be used in IOF ontologies. IOF authors SHOULD use explanatoryNote, usageNote, or scopeNote when additional information about the resource is needed. skos:note may be used directly in a case where none of the other annotation properties enumerated apply.

is defined by
definition: instance of rdf:Property that is used to indicate a resource defining the subject resource
usage note: This annotation is used to identify the machine readable resource that formally defines the subject resource. The object of an rdfs:isDefinedBy annotation must be a URL.

label
definition: instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name
example: Example: If the IRI of a class was https://www.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/ManufacturedProduct, the rdfs:label might be 'manufactured product'
usage note: The de facto use of rdfs:label is to exactly reflect (but not necessarily be exactly the same as) the local name of an element in an ontology (i.e., in OWL the 'local name' is the final segment of the IRI after the /).

see also
definition: instance of rdf:Property that is used to indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource
usage note: The information provided via annotations in an ontology should be concise and to the point. - Additional or extended explanations, history, decisions, rationale, etc. can be placed in an ontology's External Documentation. - The External Documentation need not be elaborate. If using Github to publish an ontology is could be part of the Read.Me element. Or it could be a single document. - The object of an rdfs:seeAlso annotation must be a URL (e.g. the reference document or GitHub site of the ontology).

alternative label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: alternative lexical label for a resource
sub property of: label

change note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: note about a modification to a concept
sub property of: note

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept
sub property of: note

editorial note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: note for an editor, translator, or maintainer of the vocabulary
sub property of: note

example
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: example of the use of a concept
usage note: Use of this annotation is optional, but recommended if it will help a user understand the intended interpretation(s). - This annotation should use at most twice with/on a notion. - Additional examples or more elaborate examples should be placed in the External Documentation (using rdfs:seeAlso).
sub property of: note

note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: general note, for any purpose

scope note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept
usage note: Use of this annotation is optional, but recommended if it will help a user understand the scope and/or context for usage of the concept.

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: synonym that is an alternate short label for the resource
sub property of: alternative label

acronym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: an abbreviation usually formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase
usage note: Use this annotation when there is a commonly accepted acronym. HOWEVER: While acronyms and other abbreviations may be provided as annotations to elements in an IOF ontology, they must NOT BE USED as part of identifiers or labels, except where they have become the primary designator for a notion where the full 'name' is no longer commonly known or recognized. (e.g. LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation; RADAR: RAdio Detection And Ranging; MODEM: Modulator-DEModulator; SCUBA: Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus; etc),
sub property of: abbreviation

Axiom
annotated source: acronym
annotated property: definition
annotated target: an abbreviation usually formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym

adapted from
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: source for the resource that was modified to create the subject resource
sub property of: source

copyright
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same
usage note: This annotation is to be used for an entire ontology and not individual elements.
sub property of: rights

counter example
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: example that refutes or disproves a concept in some scenario and is intended to demonstrate how the concept might be misused
usage note: Use of this annotation is optional, but recommended if it will help a user understand the intended interpretation(s). - This annotation should use at most twice with/on a notion. - Additional examples or more elaborate examples should be placed in the External Documentation (using rdfs:seeAlso).
sub property of: note

direct source
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: definitive source of the subject resource
sub property of: source

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty
deprecated: true
example: 'Agent' is a subclass of the BFO class 'material entity', which in turn is a subclass of the BFO class 'independent continuant', which in turn is a subclass of the BFO class 'continuant'. So the position of 'Agent' is 'material entity ← independent continuant ← continuant'.
usage note: This annotation is no longer used. The isPrimitive annotation is now set to true to indicate a primitive class when necessary and sufficient conditions can not be provided.
sub property of: definition

excerpted from
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: source of a resource that was imported unmodified from an external ontology
usage note: This annotation is to be used when an element from a non-IOF ontology is used in an IOF ontology (and the source ontology is not imported in its entirety).
sub property of: source

explanatory note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: note that provides additional explanatory information about a given notion or resource
sub property of: note

first-order logic axiom
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: logic axiom annotation written in first order logic
usage note: First-order logic axioms MAY be provided if the term is primitive ('is primitive' is true ) or non-primitive. A construct MAY include more than one first-order logic axiom annotation.
sub property of: logic axiom

first order logic definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: logic definition that expresses the axioms of a class or an object property in first order logic
example: An example of a First Order Logic definition for 'Product' might be (again bearing in mind the natural language terms appearing should be regarded as symbols in the IOF signature): - Continuant(x) ∧ ¬(SpecificallyDependentContinuant(x) ∨ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r (ProductRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x, r))
usage note: The First Order Logic Definition annotation is comprised of the (complete) necessary and sufficient conditions. - This annotation is Required for each non-primitive (aka non-axiomatic) class (i.e. unary relation) of a published IOF OWL ontology. This is the most authoritative and comprehensive definition of an IOF element. - IOF Common Logic ontologies do not require this annotation, but if included it must be logically equivalent to the Common Logic definition. - A primitive (aka axiomatic) term will not have a First Order Logic definition in either an OWL or Common Logic IOF ontology. - There should be at most one First Order Logic definition. - The specific symbols to be used for existential and universal quantification along with those for conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditional (i.e. if-then), and equivalence will be those commonly used in the mathematical formulas and statement. - Conjunction - ∧; Disjunction - ∨; Negation - ¬; Existential Quantification - ∃; Universal Quantification - ∀; Conditional - →; Equivalence - ↔; Left/Right Parentheses - (,); Left/Right Brackets - {,}.
sub property of: logic definition

is primitive
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: boolean flag indicating that necessary and sufficient conditions are not provided
usage note: 'is primitive' must be present if the term does not have necessary and sufficient conditions and the value of the annotation must be set to true. When 'is primitive' is set to true, a value for a 'primitive rationale' annotation must also be provided.

logic axiom
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: logical statements constraining the interpretation of the notion represented by the construct that do not provide necessary and sufficient conditions
explanatory note: This annotation property is an abstraction of the more specialized logic axiom annotations used in IOF. However, this annotation property can also be used to group together the logic axiom annotation values of different forms (such as FOL and natural language) that express the same meaning for a particular construct.
usage note: A first order logic axiom expression and a semi-formal natural language axiom expression should be added as Property values for each logic axiom annotation using 1 of each of the corresponding logic axiom annotation subproperties.
sub property of: note

logic definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: definition in the form of a logical expression
sub property of: definition

maintainer
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: entity responsible for maintaining the resource
usage note: This annotation applies to an entire IOF ontology (i.e. the file) and not to individual elements.
sub property of: contributor

maturity
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: annotation property used to indicate the development status of a resource
usage note: Any value for maturity MUST be an instance of MaturityLevel. All IOF ontologies MUST include exactly one maturity annotation. IOF constructs may include a maturity annotation.

natural language definition
type: AnnotationProperty
min annotation length: 20
definition: definition written in plain text for human understanding
usage note: This annotation is Required for each non-primitive or non-axiomatic class of an IOF (OWL or Common Logic) ontology. - It is optional for primitive (aka axiomatic) classes since such the Elucidation annotation is required and will satisfy the role of a natural language definition. - It is optional, but recommended, for relations when the intent of a relation may be misunderstood. - There should be at most one. - This natural language definition should be subject matter expert friendly and consistent with any formal definition or elucidation. - Natural language definitions should use class and relation names with following caveats: a) Relations – For those relations whose label (i.e. local identifier) consist of multiple terms hyphenate the terms of the label: e.g. 'hasPlan' would be written as 'has-plan' b) Classes – For classes whose label has multiple distinct terms, e.g, ManufacturingOperationSpecification, separate the terms but bound them with apostrophe marks: 'Manufacturing Operation Specification'.
sub property of: definition

primitive rationale
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: reason why necessary and sufficient conditions could not be provided
usage note: When 'is primitive' is set to true, a value for 'primitive rationale' must be provided. The rationale should indicate what is missing if additional work is required to define necessary and sufficient conditions.
sub property of: note

replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: reference to the IRI of the target of a deprecated construct
usage note: The value of an iof-av:replacedBy annotation must be the IRI which replaces the target construct.
sub property of: see also

semi-formal natural language axiom
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: logic axiom expressed in natural language
usage note: Semi-formal natural language axioms MAY be provided if the term is primitive (is primitive is true). A construct MAY include more than one semi-formal natural language axiom annotation.
sub property of: logic axiom

semi-formal natural language definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: logic definition that expresses a first order logic definition or common logic definition in natural language
usage note: This annotation is required if an element in an IOF OWL ontology has a First Order Logic definition or in a IOF Common Logic (where the element is defined using Common Logic). - The intent of this annotation to provide a transition or bridge from the First Order Logic definition of a notion to the natural language definition. This definition is intended to help a user understand the intended interpretation of the notion. - As example using the First Order Logic definition of 'Product' above, a semi-formal translation of that might be: - Product =def. Continuant that is not a Person and not an Organization and not a Specifically Dependent Continuant and there is a Product Role that the thing has or bears.
sub property of: logic definition

subject matter expert explanation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: definition of the term expressed in natural language that has the minimal usage of ontological terms and is intended to be a self-standing explanation
usage note: Usage of this annotation is optional but is recommended in cases where: - the natural language definition or elucidation rely heavily on the terms defined in the ontology - there exists an explanation of the term that is more familiar to SMEs that does not coincide with the definition present in the ontology
sub property of: definition

symbol
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: abbreviation that is a design, mark, or charaters(s) used conventionally to represent something, such as currency, quantity, or variable in an expression
example: Chemical Symbols: H, O, Mg Units of Measure: Km, Kg, G
adapted from: https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FND/Utilities/AnnotationVocabulary/
sub property of: abbreviation

synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: alternative label (designation) used for the resource in some community
sub property of: alternative label

usage note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: note that provides information about how a given notion or resource is used in the ontology's context
sub property of: note

was defined by
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: identifies the occurrence time and former location for a construct, annotation, or individual
usage note: This annotation MUST have two sub-annotations iof-av:wasMovedFrom and iof-av:wasMovedOn

was moved from
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: part of a iof-av:wasDefinedBy annotation indicating the previous ontology a construct, annotation, or individual was located
usage note: This annotation MUST be a sub-annotation of iof-av:wasDefinedBy

was moved on
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: part of a iof-av:wasDefinedBy annotation indicating the date and time a construct, annotation, or individual’s location was changed
usage note: This annotation MUST be a sub-annotation of iof-av:wasDefinedBy

iso15926Reference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Reference to an ISO 15926 term IRI.
comment: Referência a um IRI de termo da ISO 15926. @pt-br
label: referência ISO 15926 @pt-br

iso14224Reference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Reference to an ISO 14224 equipment taxonomy entry.
comment: Referência a uma entrada da taxonomia de equipamentos da ISO 14224. @pt-br
label: referência ISO 14224 @pt-br

cfihosReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Reference to a CFIHOS (Capital Facilities Information Handover Specification) term.
comment: Referência a um termo CFIHOS (Capital Facilities Information Handover Specification). @pt-br
label: referência CFIHOS @pt-br

dexpiReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Reference to a DEXPI (Data Exchange in the Process Industry) prototype element.
comment: Referência a um elemento prototípico DEXPI (Data Exchange in the Process Industry). @pt-br
label: referência DEXPI @pt-br

poscCaesarReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Reference to a POSC Caesar RDL IRI.
comment: Referência a um IRI do RDL POSC Caesar. @pt-br
label: referência POSC Caesar @pt-br

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
alternative label: realized in
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes
synonym: realized in

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: generically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
range: process
definition: (Elucidation) participates in holds between some b that is either a specifically dependent continuant or generically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region & some process p such that b participates in p some way
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: generically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
property chain axiom: has occurrent part
definition: p has participant c =Def c participates in p
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>
explanatory note: the IOF has decided to include transitive participation as an additional axiom of 'has participant at some time' which is reflected in the property chain associated with this property. That is, if A has an 'occurent part' B which 'has participant at some time' C then A 'has participant at some time' C.

is concretized by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
definition: c is concretized by b =Def b concretizes c
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
definition: b concretizes c =Def b is a process or a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & there is some time t such that c is the pattern or content which b shares at t with actual or potential copies
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
example: The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
example: The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.
scope note: Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t.
scope note: Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents.
explanatory note: while the scope of BFO: precedes is occurrent, for the purposes of formalization of Allen interval algebra we have added the FOL elaborations for 'time instant' 'time interval', 'process boundary' and 'process'. For the case of other occurrents the formalization already provided by BFO (https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/21838-2/pdf) should be followed.
first-order logic axiom: LA1: precedes(i,j) ∧ process(i) ∧ process(j) → ∃i1∃j1 (TemporalInterval(i1)∧TemporalInterval(j1)∧occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1)∧occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ precedes(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: precedes(i,j) ∧ ProcessBoundary(i) ∧ ProcessBoundary(j) → ∃i1∃j1 (TemporalInstant(i1)∧TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ precedes(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: precedes(i,j) ∧TemporalInstant(i) ∧TemporalInterval(j) → ∃j1(hasFirstInstant(j,j1)∧ precedes(i,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA4: precedes(i,j) ∧ TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j) → ∃i1(hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ precedes(i1,j))
first-order logic axiom: LA5: precedes (i,j) ∧TemporalInstant (i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j) → ∃k∃l(hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(i,k) ∧ hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(j,l) ∧ ∃v1∃v2(hasDateTimeInstantValue(k,v1) ∧ hasDateTimeInstantValue(l,v2) ∧ (v1 < v2)))
first-order logic axiom: LA6: precedes(i,j) ∧ TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ (precedes(i1,j1) ∨ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1)))
natural language definition: comes before (something) in time
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If i and j are both ‘process’ and i 'precedes' j then the ‘temporal instant’ that i occupies 'precedes' ‘temporal instant’ that j occupies
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If i and j are both ‘process boundary’ and i 'precedes' j then the ‘temporal instant’ that i occupies 'precedes' ‘temporal instant’ that j occupies
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: if i is ‘temporal instant’ and j is ‘temporal interval’ and i 'precedes' j then i 'precedes' the 'first instant of' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA4: if i is ‘temporal interval’ and j is ‘temporal instant’ and i 'precedes' j then the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA5: If i and j are both ‘temporal instant’ and i 'precedes' j then the 'temporal instant value expression' of i is less than the 'temporal instant value expression' of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA6: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i is 'precedes' j then the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' the 'first instant of' j or the 'last instant of' i 'occurs simultaneously with' the 'first instant of' j

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

generically depends on
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is carrier of
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
alternative label: g-depends on
definition: b generically depends on c =Def b is a generically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & at some time t there inheres in c a specifically dependent continuant which concretizes b at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

is carrier of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is carrier of c =Def there is some time t such that c generically depends on b at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has member part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part
inverse of: member part of
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b has member part c =Def c member part of b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: temporal part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
example: Your life has temporal part the first year of your life

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b location of c =Def c located in b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

material basis of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has material basis
domain: material entity
range: disposition
definition: b material basis of c =Def c has material basis b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

member part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: continuant part of
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: b member part of c =Def b is an object & c is a material entity & there is some time t such that b continuant part of c at t & there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, ..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n)
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
example: Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game

temporally projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
example: The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle

located in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b located in c =Def b is an independent continuant & c is an independent & neither is a spatial region & there is some time t such that the spatial region which b occupies at t is continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

continuant part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has continuant part
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b continuant part of c =Def b and c are continuants & there is some time t such that b and c exist at t & b continuant part of c at t
example: Milk teeth continuant part of human; surgically removed tumour continuant part of organism
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has continuant part
type: ObjectProperty
domain: continuant
range: continuant
definition: b has continuant part c =Def c continuant part of b
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

environs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
alternative label: contains process
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic

history of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has history
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: history
range: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
example: This life is the history of this organism

has history
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: history
definition: b has history c =Def c history of b
example: This organism has history this life

specifically depended on by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: specifically depends on
domain: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
range: specifically dependent continuant
alternative label: s-depended on by
definition: b specifically depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b
example: Coloured object specifically depended on by colour

specifically depends on
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
alternative label: s-depends on
definition: (Elucidation) specifically depends on is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c such that b and c share no parts in common & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c
example: A shape specifically depends on the shaped object; hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample specifically depends on each other
scope note: The analogue of specifically depends on for occurrents is has participant.

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: specifically depended on by
inverse of: inheres in
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: specifically dependent continuant
definition: b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b
example: A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: specifically depends on
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
definition: b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c
example: A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: temporal region
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
example: A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory

occupies spatial region
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: spatial region
definition: b occupies spatial region r =Def b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & r is a spatial region & there is some time t such that every continuant part of b occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of b occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

spatially projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) spatially projects onto is a relation between some spatiotemporal region b and spatial region c such that at some time t, c is the spatial extent of b at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

has material basis
type: ObjectProperty
domain: disposition
range: material entity
definition: b has material basis c =Def b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & there is some time t such that c is a continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c is a continuant part of d at t
scope note: Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has first instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

has first instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
example: The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has last instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

has last instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
example: The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

achieves at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: concretizes
inverse of: is achieved by at some time
domain: process
range: information content entity
example: The staffing and ramping up of production to 2 shifts per work day acheives the company plan of satisfying a surge in demand for its products.
first-order logic axiom: achievesAtSomeTime(x,y) → Process(x) ∧ InformationContentEntity(y) ∧ (concretizesAtSomeTime(x,y) ∨ ∃z(continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(z,y) ∧ InformationContentEntity(z) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime(x,z)))
natural language definition: relation from a process to an information content entity wherein the process partially or fully concretizes the information content entity
semi-formal natural language axiom: x achieves at some time y holds when x is a 'process' and y is an 'information content entity' and x 'concretizes at some time' y or a 'continuant part of at all times' y

acts on behalf of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
range: Class
  union of: engineered system
  union of: group of agents
  union of: person
example: An agent acts on behalf of a business organization. A laywer acts on behalf of a person.
first-order logic axiom: actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (Person(y) ∨ GroupOfAgents(y) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y)) ∧ ∃p∃d(PlannedProcess(p) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(d) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧achievesAtSomeTime(p,d) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(d,y))
natural language definition: relation from a material entity to a person or a group of agents or engineered system that holds when the material entity participates in some planned process in order to fulfill an objective for the person or group of agents or engineered system
semi-formal natural language axiom: x acts on behalf of at some time y holds when x is a 'material entity' (that is not a 'fiat object part') and y is some 'person' or 'group of agents' or 'engineered system' and at some time t, there exists a 'planned process' p such that x 'participates in' p and p 'achieves at some time' some 'objective specification' d that 'generically depends on at some time' y

after
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
inverse of: before
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: A metal surface is polished after the surface is cleaned to make it free from dust or grease; a product is manufactured after it is designed; March comes after January.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: after(x,y) ↔ before(y,x)
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: 'before' and 'after' are inverse relations

before
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: The surface of the metal is cleaned to make it free from dust or grease before polishing; a product is designed before it can be manufactured; January comes before March.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: LA1: before(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ before(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ precedes(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ before(i,j) → TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ before(i1,j1))
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is earlier than the first instant of the temporal extent of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If i is 'before' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i is 'before' j then the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' the 'first instant of' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i is 'before' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies is 'before' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies

capability of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has capability
domain: capability
range: independent continuant
example: turning at the maximal speed of 4000RPM is the capability of a lathe; temperature sensor has the capability to measuring temperature with a 0.01C precision is the capability of a temperature sensor; measuring pH in the range of 0-14 is the capability of a pH meter
first-order logic axiom: capabilityOf(x,y) → Capability(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a capability to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the capability specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x capability of y holds when x is a 'capability' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y

categorized by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: classified by
inverse of: categorizes
domain: classifier
range: classifier
explanatory note: see the explanation under categorizes
first order logic definition: categorizedBy(c1, c2) ↔ categorizes(c2, c1)
natural language definition: relation between a lower-order classifier by a higher-order classifier such that the latter classifier categorizes the former
semi-formal natural language definition: c1 is 'categorized by' c2 iff c2 categorizes c1

categorizes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: classifies
domain: classifier
range: classifier
property chain axiom: generalizes
example: classifiers such as SUV, hatchback, and sedan are categorized under a higher-order classifier body style; classifiers like internal combustion, electric, and hybrid vehicles are categorized by fuel type; classifiers such as small, medium, and large are categorized by size; specific plasmid classifiers (e.g., pSEVA191) may be generalized by a classifier such as Ap, which is categorized by antibiotic resistance
explanatory note: 1. The terms lower-order and higher-order are relative. In this pattern, a lower-order classifier is used to classify entities of a particular kind, whereas a higher-order classifier indicates a general basis on which the lower-order classifier classifies 2. The definition of categorizes uses 'Set' and related constructs which are not avalable in the current release. These constructs will be made available in the upcoming releasesAlthough set and a ‘set member of’ constructs are not explicitly available in the current release, standard set-theoretic semantics are assumed; in particular, setMemberOf(x, s) is to be understood as x∈s.
first-order logic axiom: categorizes(c1, c2) ∧ generalizes(c2, c3) → categorizes(c1, c3)
first order logic definition: categorizes(c1, c2) ↔ (classifies(c1, c2) ∧ ∃s1, s2 (designates(c1, s1) ∧ designates(c2, s2) ∧ setMemberOf(s2, s1))))
natural language definition: relation between classifiers in which a higher-order classifier classifies a lower-order classifier and designates a set that has as members only sets designated by lower-order classifiers that it organizes
semi-formal natural language axiom: if c1 'categorizes' c2 and c2 'generalizes' c3, then c1 also 'categorizes' c3
semi-formal natural language definition: c1 ‘categorizes’ c2 if and only if c1 ‘classifies’ c2 and there exists some s1 and some s2 such that c1 ‘designates’ s1, c2 ‘designates’ s2, and s2 is a set member of s1

classified by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: denoted by
inverse of: classifies
domain: entity
range: information content entity
explanatory note: See the explanatory note and detailed FOL formalization under classifies
first order logic definition: classifiedBy(x,c) ↔ classifies(c,x)
natural language definition: relation that holds between an entity y and an information content entity x when the information content entity designates a set whose members are all the entities of a particular type and y is a member of that set
semi-formal natural language definition: x is 'classified by' c iff c classfies x

classifies
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: denotes
domain: information content entity
range: entity
property chain axiom: generalizes
example: UNSPSC code 44121706 classifies a wooden pencil
explanatory note: 1. Any two entities classified by the same classifier are instances of a single, uniquely determined class; while the classifier classifies multiple entities, it designates one class (through a set instance) that fixes their common type. 2. The set designated by a classifier corresponds to a class means that every instance of the class is a member of that set. In this sense, the set is treated as a punned individual of the class, sharing the same IRI while remaining semantically distinct. 3. The definition of classifies uses 'Set' and related constructs which are not avalable in the current release. These constructs will be made available in the upcoming releasesAlthough set and a ‘set member of’ constructs are not explicitly available in the current release, standard set-theoretic semantics are assumed; in particular, setMemberOf(x, s) is to be understood as x∈s.
first-order logic axiom: LA1: classifies(c,x) → ∃s (Set(s) ∧ designates(c,s) ∧ setMemberOf(x, s))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: classifies(c,x) ∧ designates(c,s) → ∃C(Class(C) ∧ instanceOf(x,C) ∧ sameIRI(s,C) ∧ ∀y((setMemberOf(y,s) → instanceOf(y,C)) ∧ (setMemberOf(y,s) → classifies(c,y))))
natural language definition: relation that holds between an information content entity x and an entity y when the information content entity designates a set whose members are instances of a particular type and y is a member of that set
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: if c 'classifies' x, then there exists a set s such that c 'designates' s and x 'is a member of' s
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: if a classifier c classifies an entity x and designates a set s, then there exists a class C such that x is an instance of C, s and C share the same IRI, and, for every entity y, if y is a member of s then y is an instance of C and if y is a set member of s then c classifies y

component part of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000137
sub property of: component part of at some time
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
range: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
example: transmission assembly is a component part of a car; engine control ;sparger is a component part of a bioreactor
first-order logic axiom: componentPartOfAtAllTimes(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ properContinuantPartOfAtAllTimes(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a material entity to another material entity that it is a proper part of at all times it exists
semi-formal natural language axiom: x component part of at all times y holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x is 'proper continuant part of at all times' y

component part of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000175
inverse of: has component part at some time
domain: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
range: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
example: a particular chromatography column is a component part of a chromatography system during several purification cycles; a particular tool is a component part of a CNC machine while it is being used for manufacturing a particular part
explanatory note: The IOF does not consider as component part of material entities that are delineated by a non-physical (fiat) boundary from the material entity they are a part of.
first-order logic axiom: componentPartOfAtSomeTime(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ properContinuantPartOfAtSomeTime(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a material entity to another material entity that it is a proper part of at some time
semi-formal natural language axiom: x component part of at some time y holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x is 'proper continuant part of at some time' y

contains occurence of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: occurs during
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: The grinding of metal contains occurrence of sparking; a storm contains occurrences of lightning.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: containsOccurrenceOf(x,y) ↔ occursDuring(y,x)
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of j is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of i and the last instant of the temporal extent of j is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of i
semi-formal natural language axiom: 'contains occurrence of' and 'occurs during' are inverse relations

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
inverse of: denotes
domain: entity
range: information content entity
example: one or more individuals are denoted by the name 'John'; vehicle is denoted by a 'vehicle identification number'; molecules with the structure CH3-CH2-OH is denoted by 'ethanol'
natural language definition: relation from an entity to an information content entity that distinguishes the entity

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example: the name 'John' denotes one or more individuals that have that name; 'vehicle identification number' denotes a vehicle; 'ethanol' is a name given by IUPAC which denotes molecules with the structure CH3-CH2-OH
explanatory note: The distinguishment implied by denotes is not necessarily unique, which is why this property is not made functional. For example, a name can, at one point, 'denote' multiple individuals.
natural language definition: relation from an information content entity to an entity that the information content entity distinguishes

described by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
inverse of: describes
domain: entity
range: information content entity
example: some current event is described by the content of a newspaper article; some facility visit is described by the content of a visitor's log; some accident is described by the content of an accident report
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
natural language definition: relation from an entity to an information content entity that characterizes the entity

describes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example: the content of a newspaper article describes some current event; the content of a visitor's log describes some facility visit; the content of an accident report describes some accident
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
natural language definition: relation from an information content entity to an entity that the information content entity characterizes

designated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: denoted by
inverse of: designates
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
example: a Web Page's location on the internet is designated by an URL; an individual in USA is designated by SSN ; a particular lot of product is designated by a 'lot number'
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
natural language definition: relation from an entity to an information content entity that uniquely distinguishes the entity from other entities

designates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: denotes
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example: a URL designates the location of a Web Page on the internet;SSN designates an individual; 'lot number' designates a particular lot of product
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
explanatory note: 1. To ensure uniqueness, each information content entity can designate exactly one entity. As such, this property is made functional. 2. The uniqueness of the entity is typically within a particular context that is represented in the identification scheme that conveys the meaning of the assignment.
natural language definition: relation from an information content entity to an entity that the information content entity uniquely distinguishes from other entities

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has disposition
domain: disposition
range: independent continuant
example: the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y is the disposition of an atom of element X; the disposition to break apart is the disposition of a poorly assembled item
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000092
first-order logic axiom: dispositionOf(x,y) → Disposition(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a disposition to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x disposition of y holds when x is a 'disposition' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has function
domain: function
range: independent continuant
example: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000079
first-order logic axiom: functionOf(x,y) → Function(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a function to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x function of y holds when x is a 'function' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y

generalizes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: denotes
inverse of: specializes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: classifier
range: classifier
example: UNSPSC classifier code 26101500 for engines genralizes commodity classifier code 26101507 for turboshaft engines.
explanatory note: 1. Since the set designated by a classifier corresponds to a class, a subset relation between designated sets implies a subclass relation between the corresponding classes: if s2 is a subset of s1, then the class corresponding to s2 is a subclass of the class corresponding to s1. In this sense, the classifier being generalized is associated with a more specific class, while the classifier that generalizes it is associated with a more general class. 2. For further details on what it means for a set to correspond to a class, see the FOL formalization and explanatory note for classifier. 3. Generalizes is asymmetric and transitive. Accordingly, if one classifier generalizes a second classifier, the second does not generalize the first; and if a first classifier generalizes a second and the second generalizes a third, then the first also generalizes the third. 4. The definition of generalizes uses 'Set' and related constructs which are not avalable in the current release. These constructs will be made available in the upcoming releasesAlthough Set and subset of are not explicitly available in the current release, standard set-theoretic semantics are assumed; in particular, subSetOf(s2, s1) is understood as s2 ⊆ s1.
first-order logic axiom: LA1: generalizes(c1, c2) ∧ designates(c1, s1) ∧ designates(c2,s2) → subSetOf(s2, s1)
first-order logic axiom: LA2: generalizes(p, c) ∧ classifies(c, x)) → classifies(p, x)
first order logic definition: generalizes(c2​, c1​) ↔ ∀x(classifies(c2​, x) → classifies(c1​, x))
natural language definition: relation between two classifiers such that everything classified by the latter is also classified by the former
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If a 'classifier' c1 'generalizes' a 'classifier' c2, and c1 and c2 'designate' sets s1 and s2 then s2 'is subset of' s1
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: if p 'generalizes' c and c 'classifies' x, then p also 'classifies' x
semi-formal natural language definition: ‘c2’ generalizes ‘c1’ if and only if for every instance ‘x’, if ‘c2’ classifies ‘x’, then ‘c1’ classifies ‘x’.

has capability
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: capability
example: a lathe has a capability to turn at the maximal speed of 4000RPM; temperature sensor has the capability to measure temperature with a 0.01C precision; pH meter has the capability to measure pH in the range of 0-14
first-order logic axiom: hasCapability(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Capability(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a capability, in which the capability specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x has capability y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'capability' and x is 'bearer of' y

has component part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000111
sub property of: has component part at some time
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
range: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
example: car has component part a chasy; a bioractor has component part a stainless steel vessel
first-order logic axiom: hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ hasProperContinuantPartAtAllTimes(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a material entity to another material entity that it has as a proper part at all times it exists
semi-formal natural language axiom: x has component part at all times y holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x 'has proper continuant part at all times' y

has component part at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000174
domain: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
range: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
example: a particular chromatography column is a component part of a chromatography system has a component part a particular chromatography column during several purification cycles; a CNC machine has component part a particular tool while it is being used for manufacturing a particular part
first-order logic axiom: hasComponentPartAtSomeTime(y,x) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ properContinuantPartOfAtSomeTime(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a material entity to another material entity that it has as a proper part at some time
semi-formal natural language axiom: y has component part at some time x holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x is 'proper continuant part of at some time' y

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; a poorly assembled item has the disposition to break apart
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000091
first-order logic axiom: hasDisposition(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Disposition(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x has disposition y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'disposition' and x is 'bearer of' y

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: function
example: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000085
explanatory note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
first-order logic axiom: hasFunction(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Function(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x has function y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'function' and x is 'bearer of' y

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is input of
domain: process
range: continuant
example: machine learning execution process has input a dataset;fermentation process has input growth medium; additive manufacturing process has input metal powder;
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/ExtendedRelationOntology
natural language definition: relation from a process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that is a necessary precondition for the process to start

has measured value at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has value expression at some time
inverse of: is measured value of at some time
domain: entity
range: value expression
example: '80kg' is the value of the weight of a male human on the 5th of October 2022; '37C' is the temperature inside a bioreactor in the 30th min from the process start
natural language definition: relation from an entity to a value expression that contains the value of the entity measured at some time t

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is output of
domain: process
range: continuant
example: chemical manufacturing process has output a wastestream; toluene manufacturing process has output a certain quantity of toluene; car manufacturing process has output a car
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/ExtendedRelationOntology
explanatory note: By introducing the condition that it must exist at the end of the process materials that only transitively exist during the process (e.g., reaction intermediary) are excluded from being considered the output.
natural language definition: relation from a process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that participates in the process such that it is generated or modified during the process, and that it exists at the end of the process

has process characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: process characteristic of
domain: process
range: process characteristic
example: the water flowing through a pipe during a given period has the average flow rate as a process characteristic, the heating process has the total energy consumed as a process characteristic, the batch sterilization process has the peak temperature as a process characteristic.
first order logic definition: hasProcessCharacteristics(p, c) → processCharacteristicsOf(c, p)
natural language definition: relation between a process and its characteristic
semi-formal natural language definition: if p 'has process characteristics' c, then c is 'process characteristics of' p

has process profile
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000118
inverse of: process profile of
domain: process
range: process profile
example: The pH profile is a process profile of the cell culture growth process, the spindle speed profile is a process profile of the milling process, the flow rate profile is a process profile of the pipeline transport process.
first order logic definition: hasProcessProfile(p, x) → processProfileOf(x, p)
natural language definition: relation that holds between a process and a process profile that is part of the process such that the part is temporally coextensive with another proper part that is mutually dependent on it and has no parts in common with it
semi-formal natural language definition: if p 'has process profile' x, then x is 'process profile of' p

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
inverse of: quality of
domain: independent continuant
range: quality
example: this apple has quality this red color
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000086
explanatory note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
first-order logic axiom: hasQuality(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Quality(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x has function y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'quality' and x is 'bearer of' y

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
inverse of: role of
domain: independent continuant
range: role
example: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087
explanatory note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
first-order logic axiom: hasRole(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Role(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x has role y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'role' and x is 'bearer of' y

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has output
inverse of: is specified output of
domain: planned process
range: continuant
example: biopharmaceutical production process has specified output an antibody solution of 99.999% purity; a simulation execution has specified output a prediction of part porosity; a temperature measurement process has specified output a temperature measurement result; a car manufacturing process has specified output a car
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000299
explanatory note: this relation was added to specifically model the outputs that are not byproducts/wasteproducts
first-order logic axiom: hasSpecifiedOutput(x,y) → PlannedProcess(x) ∧ Continuant(y) ∧ ∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ prescribes(o,y) ∧ achievesAtSomeTime(x,o) ∧ hasOutput(x,y))
natural language definition: relation from a planned process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that is produced or modified in the planned process as prescribed by an objective
semi-formal natural language axiom: x 'has specified output' y holds when x is a 'planned process' and y is a 'continuant' and x 'has output' y and y is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' which x 'achieves at some time'
synonym: has intended output

has value expression at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has value expression at some time
inverse of: is value expression of at all times
domain: entity
range: value expression
example: speed of light in a vacuum has value expression 3×10^8 m/s ; electric charge carried by a single proton has the value expression 1.602176634×10−19 coulombs
natural language definition: relation from an entity to a value expression that contains the value of the entity which does not change during the entire existence of the entity

has value expression at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: described by
inverse of: is value expression of at some time
domain: entity
range: value expression
example: the diameter of a screw head has value expression 1cm that is specified in its design; a bioreactor has value expression 37C that was measured during the production process; "low risk" is the value expression of a process parameter "low risk" that is based on the risk analysis classification scheme; an antibody has value expression 3 g/l that was generated by a process simulation
explanatory note: determined in this context can be interpreted as either being simulated or being measured
natural language definition: relation from an entity to a value expression that contains the value of the entity determined or set at some time t

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example: a temperature recording is about temperature; SSN is about a particular individual; commercial service agreement is about a commercial service
adapted from: IAO:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000136 and CCO:http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
natural language definition: primitive, generic relationship between an information content entity and some entity

is achieved by at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is concretized by
domain: information content entity
range: process
example: The company plan of satisfying a surge in demand for its products is achieved by the staffing and ramping up of production to 2 shifts per work day.
first-order logic axiom: isAchievedByAtSomeTime(y,x) → Process(x) ∧ InformationContentEntity(y) ∧ (concretizesAtSomeTime(x,y) ∨ ∃z(continuantPartOf(z,y) ∧ InformationContentEntity(z) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime(x,z)))
natural language definition: relation from an information content entity to a process that partially or fully concretizes the information content entity
semi-formal natural language axiom: y is achieved by at some time x holds when x is a 'process' and y is an 'information content entity' and x 'concretizes' y or a 'continuant part of' y, at some time t

is available to at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: agent
example: a roll of aluminum (resource) is avaiable to an agent to use in a forming process, a milling workstation (resource) is available to a manufacturer to produce some parts
explanatory note: this definition of 'is available to' is not the same as the state of availability e.g a machine is idle hence it is in the available state
first-order logic axiom: isAvailableToAtSomeTime(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∨ Site(x)) ∧ Agent(y) ∧ ∃p∃o∃c(Process(p) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ Capability(c) ∧ hasCapability(x,c) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(o,y) ∧ (realizes(p,c) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p)→ AchievesAtSomeTime(p,o)))
natural language definition: relation from a material entity or physical location to an agent that holds when the material entity or physical location have a capability that is needed by the agent to fulfil some objective carried by the agent
semi-formal natural language axiom: x is available at some time y holds when x is a 'material entity' or 'site' and y is an 'agent' and x 'has capability' some 'capability' which when 'realized in' some 'process' p that y 'participates in at some time' implies that p 'achieves at some time' some 'objective specification' that 'generically depends on at some time' y

is input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
domain: continuant
range: process
example: a dataset is an input of a machine learning execution process; growth medium is an input of a fermentation process; metal powder is an input of an additive manufacturing process;
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/ExtendedRelationOntology
natural language definition: relates someone or something physical or digital (continuant) to a process that it is a necessary precondition for the process to start

is made of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000110
sub property of: is made of at some time
domain: material entity
range: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
example: A glass bottle is made of glass at all times during its existence as that bottle; A polymer tube is made of polymer at all times during its existence as that tube
explanatory note: This relation is asserted with an ‘at all times’ condition. It therefore implies that, for every time at which a exists, a has b as a continuant part. Equivalently, there is no time during the existence of a at which a fully lacks b as a part while still remaining the same material entity
natural language definition: relation between material entity b and material entity that is not a fiat object c such that b has continuant part at all times c and if portion of c is removed from b, that portion stops being part of b, while the remaining c continues to exist as the same material entity and b remains to have continuant part c

is made of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part
domain: material entity
range: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
example: A bottle is made of glass; a bioreactor vessel is made of stainless steel; a capsule shell is made of gelatin; a wooden tabletop is made of oak
counter example: A car is not made of wheels; a bioreactor is not made of sensors; a computer is not made of circuit boards; an aircraft is not made of engines; a building is not made of windows; a pipeline is not made of valves
explanatory note: 1) This relation captures the continuous material composition of an entity rather than its structural or component assembly. It depends on the presence of some quantity of the material, not on the exact total amount. The identity of b remains unchanged when its portions are removed; only the quantity of the material within a varies. The relation continues to hold as long as any remainder of b remains materially present in a. 2) It applies to continuous substances or amounts of matter such as glass, steel, polymer, or wood. It should not be used for discrete parts, modules, or components such as wheels, valves, or bolts. The material may be homogeneous or composite; chemical uniformity is not required. 3) The relation has the following characteristics: irreflexive, asymmetric, non-functional, non-transitive
natural language definition: relation between material entity b and material entity that is not a fiat object c such that b has continuant part at some time c and if portion of c is removed from b, that portion stops being part of b, while the remaining c continues to exist as the same material entity and b remains to have continuant part c

is measured value of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is value expression of at some time
domain: value expression
range: entity
example: '80kg' is the measured weight of a particular male human
natural language definition: relation from a value expression to the entity indicating that the value expression contains the value of the entity measured at some time t

is output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
domain: continuant
range: process
example: wastestream is an output of a chemical manufacturing process; a certain quantity of toluene is an output of a toluene manufacturing process; a car is an output of a car manufacturing process
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/ExtendedRelationOntology
natural language definition: relation from someone or something physical or digital (continuant) to a process that it participates in such that it is generated or modified during the process, and it exists at the end of the process

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is output of
domain: continuant
range: planned process
example: antibody solution of 99.999% purity is the specified output of a biopharmaceutical production process; prediction of part porosity is a specified output of a simulation execution; temperature measurement result is the specified output of a temperature measurement process; a car is the specified output of a car manufacturing process
first-order logic axiom: isSpecifiedOutputOf(y,x) → PlannedProcess(x) ∧ Continuant(y) ∧ ∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ prescribes(o,y) ∧ achievesAtSomeTime(x,o) ∧ hasOutput(x,y))
natural language definition: relation from someone or something physical or digital (continuant) to a planned process in which it is produced or modified as prescribed by some objective
semi-formal natural language axiom: y 'has specified output' x holds when x is a 'planned process' and y is a 'continuant' and x 'has output' y and y is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' which x 'achieves at some time'
synonym: is intended output of

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
example: temperature is subject of temperature recording; particular individual is subject of SSN; commercial service is subject of commercial service agreement
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
natural language definition: primitive, generic relationship between an entity and some information content entity

is temporally overlapped by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: temporally overlaps
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: When two plates are being welded at a joint, the heating of current point being welded is temporally overlapped by the cooling of a previously welded point; the receiving process is temporally overlapped by the sending process in a transaction process; Sumerian civilization (c. 3500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE) in Mesopotamia was temporally overlapped by Ancient Egyptian civilization (c. 3000 BCE - 30 BCE).
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: isTemporallyOverlappedBy(x,y) ↔ temporallyOverlaps(y,x)
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals and processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of j is earlier than and the last instant of the temporal extent of j is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of i, and the last instance of the temporal extent of j is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of i
semi-formal natural language axiom: 'is temporally overlapped by' and 'temporally overlaps' are inverse relations

is value expression of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is value expression of at some time
domain: value expression
range: entity
example: 3×10^8 m/s is the value expression of the speed of light in a vacuum; 1.602176634×10−19 coulombs is the value expression of the electric charge carried by a single proton
natural language definition: relation from a value expression to an entity indicating that the value expression contains the value of the entity which does not change during the entire existence of the entity

is value expression of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: describes
domain: value expression
range: entity
example: 1cm is the value expression of the diameter of a screw head that is specified in its design; 37C is the value expression of the temperature of a bioreactor measured during the production process; "low risk" is the value expression of a process parameter based on the risk analysis classification scheme; 3 g/l is the value expression of titer of an antibody generated by a process simulation
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001938
natural language definition: relation from a value expression to the entity indicating that the value expression contains the value of the entity determined or set at some time t

measured by at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: measures at some time
domain: entity
range: material entity
example: the temperature within a production vessel is measured by a temperature sensor at certain points in time during a chemical production process; the weight of a material bulk is measured by a scale
natural language definition: relation from an entity to a material entity with a measurement capability that got realized to determine the value of the entity, at some time

measures at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: entity
example: a tempearture sensor measures the temperature within a production vessel at certain points in time during the chemical production process; a scale measures the weight of a material bulk
explanatory note: In this context, value is always determined relative to some classification scheme or on a quantitative scale
natural language definition: relation from a material entity to an entity indicating that the measurement capability of the material entity got realized to determine the value of the entity, at some time

meets
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
inverse of: met by
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: When an item is placed on a moving conveyor by a robotic arm, the process of placing the item meets the process of moving the item; summer meets fall; January meets February; the Christmas holiday period meets New Year’s holiday period.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: LA1: meets(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ meets(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ meets(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ meets(i1,j1))
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is the same as the first instant of the temporal extent of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If i 'meets' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'meets' j then the 'last instant of' i 'occurs simultaneously with' the 'first instant of' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'meets' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'meets' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies

met by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: When an item is placed on a moving conveyor by a robotic arm, the process of moving of the item is met by the process of placing the item; fall is met by summer; February is met by January; the New Year’s holiday period is met by the Christmas holiday period.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: metBy(x,y) ↔ meets(y,x)
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of j is the same as the first instant of the temporal extent of i
semi-formal natural language axiom: 'met by' and 'meets' are inverse relations

observed by at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: observes at some time
domain: entity
range: agent
example: a chemical reaction in an experiment is observed by a scientist, a machining process is observed by an operator, a group of COVID patients are observed by a doctor
first-order logic axiom: observedByAtSomeTime (y, x) → Agent(x) ∧ Entity(y) ∧ ∃p∃i(Process(p) ∧ InformationContentEntity(i) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧ hasOutput(p,i) ∧ isAbout(i,y))
natural language definition: relation from an entity to an agent indicating that the agent participates in some process that outputs information about the entity, at some time
semi-formal natural language axiom: p is observed by b at some time t holds when p is an 'entity' and b is an 'agent' and there is a 'process' in which b 'participates in at some time' and that 'has output' some 'information content entity' that 'is about' p

observes at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: agent
range: entity
example: a scientist observing a chemical reaction in an experiment, an operator observes a machining process, a doctor observes a group of COVID patients
explanatory note: this property was not put under participates in at some time because the target of observation can be continuant or an occurent and in the case of an occurent an agent that observes the occurent might not participate in that occurent
first-order logic axiom: observesAtSomeTime (x, y) → Agent(x) ∧ Entity(y) ∧ ∃p∃i(Process(p) ∧ InformationContentEntity(i) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧ hasOutput(p,i) ∧ isAbout(i,y))
natural language definition: relation from an agent to an entity indicating that the agent participates in some process that outputs information about the entity, at some time
semi-formal natural language axiom: b observes p at some time t when b is an 'agent' and p is an 'entity and there is a 'process' in which b 'participates in at some time' and that 'has output' some 'information content entity' that 'is about' p

occurs during
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: The final inspection and removal of defective products occur during the product is being moved to the packaging station by a conveyor belt; a sensor measures the thickness of the wall during the sand-grinding process; turkey is traditionally served during dinners on Thanksgiving In the United States.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: LA1: occursDuring(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ occursDuring(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ precedes(j1,i1) ∧ precedes(i2,j2))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ occursDuring(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ occursDuring(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA4: occursDuring(i,j) ↔ ∃k(temporallyFinishes(i,k) ∧ temporallyStarts(k,j))
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of i is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of j and the last instant of the temporal extent of i is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If i 'occurs during' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'occurs during' j' then first instant of' j ‘precedes’ the 'first instant of' i and the 'last instant of' i ‘precedes’ the 'last instant of' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'occurs during' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'occurs during' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA4: i 'occurs during' j if and only if there exists k such that i temporally finishes k and k temporally starts j

occurs simultaneously with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
  union of: temporal interval
  union of: temporal instant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
  union of: temporal interval
  union of: temporal instant
example: The rotation of the chuck in a lathe occurs simultaneously with the running of the motor.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: LA1: occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → (TemporalInstant(i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j)) ∨ (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j)) ∧ (ProcessBoundary(i) ∧ ProcessBoundary(j))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: TemporalInstant(i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃k∃l(TemporalInstantValueExpression(k) ∧ TemporalInstantValueExpression(l) ∧ hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(i,k) ∧ hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(j,l) ∧ ∃v1∃v2(hasDateTimeInstantValue(k,v1) ∧ hasDateTimeInstantValue(l,v2) ∧ (v1 = v2)))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i2,j2))
first-order logic axiom: LA4: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA5: ProcessBoundary(i) ∧ ProcessBoundary(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1))
natural language definition: relation that holds between two time instants when they are simultaneous or between two intervals when they have same first and last instants or between two processes or two process boundaries when their temporal extents are the same
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: if i 'occurs simultaneously with' j then either i and j are both ‘temporal instant’, or both are ‘temporal interval’ or both are ‘process’ or both are ‘process boundary’
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If both i and j are both ‘temporal instant’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then 'temporal instant value expression' of i is equal to the 'temporal instant value expression' of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: If i and j are both ‘temporal interval’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then the 'first instant of' i 'occurs simoultaneously with' the 'first instant of' j and the 'last instant of' i 'occurs simoultaneously with' the 'last instant of' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA4: If both i and j are ‘process’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then the ‘temporal interval’ occupied by i ‘occurs simoultaneously with’ the ‘temporal interval’ occupied by j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA5: If i and j are both ‘process boundary’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then the ‘temporal instant’ that i occupies 'occurs simoultaneously with' ‘temporal instant’ that j occupies

prescribed by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
inverse of: prescribes
domain: entity
range: information content entity
example: some Artifact or Facility is modeled by a blueprint; a set of rules to be followed while acting in a role within a profession are prescribed by a professional code of conduct; tasks that need to be performed to achieve the Objectives of the Operation are prescribed by the Operation Plan
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
natural language definition: relation from an entity to an information content entity that the information content entity serves as a collection of rules or guide for if the entity is something that unfolds in time (occurrent), or as a model if the entity is someone or something physical or digital (continuant)

prescribes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example: a blueprint serves as a model of some Artifact or Facility; a professional code of conduct serves as a set of rules to be followed while acting in a role within that profession; an Operations Plan serves as a guide for the tasks that need to be performed to achieve the Objectives of the Operation
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
natural language definition: relation from an information content entity to an entity such that the information content entity serves as a collection of rules or guide for the entity if the entity is something that unfolds in time (occurrent), or as a model if the entity is someone or something physical or digital (continuant)

process characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: process characteristic
range: process
example: The average flow rate is a process characteristic of the water flowing through a pipe during a given period, the total energy consumed is a process characteristic of the heating process, the peak temperature is a process characteristic of the batch sterilization process.
natural language definition: relation between a characteristic and the process it is a characteristic of

process profile of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000138
domain: process profile
range: process
example: pH profile is a process profile of culture growth, agitation speed profile is a process profile of a mixing process, tool vibration profile is a process profile of a engine running
adapted from: axiom label in BFO2 Reference (094-005) in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000144 from BFO 2.0
first-order logic axiom: ∀x, y (processProfileOf(x,y) → (properOccurrentPartOf(x,y) ∧ ∃z, t (properOccurrentPartOf(z,y) ∧ TemporalRegion(t) ∧ occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion(x,t) ∧ occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion(y,t) ∧ occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion(z,t) ∧ ¬∃w(occurrentPartOf(w,x) ∧ occurrentPartOf(w,z)))))
natural language definition: relation that holds between a process profile and a process that it is part of such that the source process is a proper part of the target process and is temporally coextensive with another proper part of the target process that is mutually dependent on it and shares no parts with it.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is 'process profile of' y, then x is a 'proper occurrent part of' y that shares a 'spatiotemporal region' with some other 'proper occurrent part' z of y such that x and z have no common 'occurrent part'

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
domain: quality
range: independent continuant
example: this red color is a quality of this apple
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000080
first-order logic axiom: qualityOf(x,y) → Quality(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a quality to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x disposition of y holds when x is a 'quality' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y

recognized by at some time
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: recognizes at some time
domain: entity
range: agent
example: a failure event is recognized by an operator that results in information about the event such as the time of occurrence and the description about the failure; a defect on a part is recognized by a quality control engineer that results in information about the defect such as the nature of the defect and the cause of the defect
natural language definition: relation from an entity to an agent that is able to describe the entity or is able to associate an information content entity that describes the entity, at some time

recognizes at some time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: agent
range: entity
example: operator recognizes a failure event that results in information about the event such as the time of occurrence and the description about the failure, a quality control engineer recognizes a defect on a part that results in information about the defect such as the nature of the defect and the cause of the defect
explanatory note: Recognition is preceded by an observation of an entity that is related to the entity being recognized or the entity being recognized is an entity that is an attribute of the entity being observed
explanatory note: this property was not put under participates in at some time because the target of recognition can be continuant or an occurent and in the case of an occurent an agent that recognizes the occurent might not participate in that occurent
natural language definition: relation from an agent to an entity that the agent is able to describe the entity or is able to associate an information content entity that describes the entity, at some time

requirement satisfied by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: satisfies requirement
domain: requirement specification
range: entity
example: a UML requirement specification is satisfied by a a piece of software; functional requirement specification of a car is satisfied by its desgn specification
natural language definition: relation from a requirement specification to an entity that conforms to the requirement specification

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
domain: role
range: independent continuant
example: this investigator role is a role of this person
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000081
first-order logic axiom: roleOf(x,y) → Role(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
natural language definition: relation from a role to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: x disposition of y holds when x is a 'role' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y

satisfies requirement
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: requirement specification
example: a piece of software satisfies a UML requirement specification, a design specification of a car satisfies its functional requirement specification
natural language definition: relation from an entity to a requirement specification that the entity conforms to

specializes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: denoted by
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: classifier
range: classifier
explanatory note: See the expanded formalization and explanation under generalizes
first order logic definition: specializes(c1, c2) ↔ generalizes(c2, c1)
natural language definition: relation between two classifiers such that everything classified by the former is also classified by the latter
semi-formal natural language definition: c1 is 'specializes' c2 iff c2 generalizes c1

temporally finished by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: temporally finishes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: A delivery process is temporally finished by the generation of “proof of delivery”; a football match is temporally finished by the Referee’s final whistle; every week is temporally finished by a Sunday.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: temporallyFinishedBy(x,y) ↔ temporallyFinishes(y,x)
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of j is the same as the last instant of the temporal extent of i and the first instant of i is preceded by the first instant of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: 'temporally finished by' and 'temporally finishes' are inverse relations

temporally finishes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: The generation of “proof of delivery” temporally finishes the delivery process; Referee’s final whistle temporally finishes the football match; Sunday temporally finishes the week.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: LA1: temporallyFinishes(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ temporallyFinishes(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i2,j2) ∧ precedes(j1,i1))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ temporallyFinishes(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ temporallyFinishes(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA4: temporallyFinishes(i,j) ↔ ∃k∃l(meets(i,k)∧meets(j,k) ∧ before(l,i) ∧ meets(l,j))
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is the same as the last instant of the temporal extent of j and the first instant of j precedes the first instant of i
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If i 'temporally finishes' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'temporally finishes' j then the 'last instant’ of i ‘occurs simultaneously with’ the 'last instant of' j and the 'first instant of' j 'precedes' the 'first instant’ of i
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'temporally finishes' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'temporally finishes' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA4: i 'temporally finishes' j if and only if there exists k such that i 'meets' k and j 'meets' k, and there exists l that is 'before' i and 'meets' j

temporally overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: When two plates are being welded at a joint, the cooling of a previously welded point temporally overlaps the heating of the point which is currently being welded; the sending process temporally overlaps the receiving process in a transaction process; Ancient Egyptian civilization (c. 3000 BCE - 30 BCE) temporally overlapped the Sumerian civilization (c. 3500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE) in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600 BCE - c. 1900 BCE) in South Asia.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: LA1: temporallyOverlaps(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ precedes(j1,i2) ∧ precedes(i1,j1) ∧ precedes(i2,j2))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA4: temporallyOverlaps(i,j) ↔ ∃k(temporallyFinishes(k,i) ∧ starts(k,j))
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals and processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of i is earlier than and the last instant of the temporal extent of i is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of j, and the last instance of the temporal extent of i is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If i 'temporally overlaps' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'temporally overlaps' j then the 'first instant’ of j ‘precedes’ the 'last instant of' i and the 'first instant of' i ‘precedes’ the 'first instant’ of j and the 'last instant of' i ‘precedes’ the 'last instant of' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'temporally overlaps' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'temporally overlaps' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA4: i 'temporally overlaps' j if and only if there exists k that 'temporally finishes' i and 'temporally starts' j

temporally started by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: temporally starts
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: An internal combustion engine is temporally started (running) by the process of cranking; some machine is temporally started (running) by pressing a switch; every year is temporally started by the New Year’s Day.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: temporallyStartedBy(x,y) ↔ temporallyStarts(y,x)
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of j is the same as first the instant of the temporal extent of i and the last instant of j precedes the last instant of i
semi-formal natural language axiom: 'temporally started by' and 'temporally starts' are inverse relations

temporally starts
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: temporal interval
example: the process of cranking temporally starts (the running of) an internal combustion engine; the pressing of a switch temporally starts (the running of) some machine; the New Year’s Day temporally starts a year.
adapted from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/182.358434
first-order logic axiom: LA1: temporallyStarts(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ temporallyStarts(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1) ∧ precedes(i2,j2))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ temporallyStarts(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ temporallyStarts(i1,j1))
first-order logic axiom: LA4: temporallyStarts(i,j) ↔ ∃k∃l(meets(k,i) ∧ meets(k,j) ∧ before(i,l) ∧ meets(j,l))
natural language definition: relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of i is the same as first the instant of the temporal extent of j and the last instant of i precedes the last instant of j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: If i 'temporally starts' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'temporally starts' j then the 'first instant’ of i ‘occurs simultaneously with’ the 'first instant of' j and the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' the 'last instant of' j
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'temporally starts' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'temporally starts' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA4: i 'temporally starts' j if and only if there exists k that 'meets' i and j and there exists l such that i is 'before' l and j 'meets' l

functionally participates in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
domain: material artifact
range: process
property chain axiom: has function
property chain axiom: has realization
source: ODR-011 §4
comment: A sub-propriedade de bfo:participatesIn (BFO_0000056) entailada exclusivamente pela cadeia iof-constr:hasFunction ∘ obo:BFO_0000054: um artefato material participa funcionalmente em todo processo que realiza uma de suas funções projetadas. @pt-br
comment: The sub-property of bfo:participatesIn (BFO_0000056) entailed exclusively by the chain iof-constr:hasFunction ∘ obo:BFO_0000054: a material artifact functionally participates in every process that realizes one of its designed functions.
label: participa funcionalmente em @pt-br
explanatory note: Distingue a participação mediada por função da participação geral: obo:BFO_0000056 (participa em) vale sempre que um continuante toma parte em algum processo por qualquer razão; copi:participatesIn é entailada apenas pela cadeia hasFunction ∘ BFO_0000054 (tem realização). Uma bomba participa funcionalmente em toda operação de aumento de pressão de líquido que realiza sua função de bombeamento; BFO_0000056 vale adicionalmente para qualquer outro envolvimento. @pt-br
explanatory note: Distinguishes function-mediated from general participation: obo:BFO_0000056 (participates in) holds whenever a continuant takes part in any process for any reason; copi:participatesIn is entailed only via the chain hasFunction ∘ BFO_0000054 (has realization). A pump functionally participates in every liquid-pressure-increase operation that realizes its pumping function; BFO_0000056 additionally covers any other process involvement.
first order logic definition: ∀x∀y (functionallyParticipatesIn(x,y) ↔ ∃f(hasFunction(x,f) ∧ hasRealization(f,y)))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A sub-propriedade de bfo:participatesIn (BFO_0000056) entailada exclusivamente pela cadeia iof-constr:hasFunction ∘ obo:BFO_0000054: um artefato material participa funcionalmente em todo processo que realiza uma de suas funções projetadas. @pt-br
natural language definition: The sub-property of bfo:participatesIn (BFO_0000056) entailed exclusively by the chain iof-constr:hasFunction ∘ obo:BFO_0000054: a material artifact functionally participates in every process that realizes one of its designed functions.
semi-formal natural language definition: x 'functionally participates in' y if and only if there exists a function f such that x 'has function' f and f 'has realization' y
semi-formal natural language definition: x 'participa funcionalmente em' y se e somente se existe uma função f tal que x 'tem função' f e f 'tem realização' y @pt-br

has date-time instant value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has simple expression value
domain: temporal instant value expression
range: dateTime
example: The time point at 16:30pm at UTC on 3rd March 2023 is asserted by the associated (‘is value expression of at all times’) ‘temporal instant value expression’ having date-time value (‘has date-time instant value’) 2023-03-03T16:30:00Z.
explanatory note: 1. This data property may be used to specify a ‘temporal instant value expression’ in XSD date-time format (e.g., 2002-10-10T17:00:00Z). For a detailed description of xsd:DateTime, see https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime. 2. While comparing two ‘temporal instant value expression’, it is important to make sure that their date-time expressions are given in the same calendar and clock system. 3. For detailed expression of date and time in a specific calendar system, use a suitable subclass of TemporalPosition class from Time ontology (https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/) instead of ‘temporal instant value expression’ (see mapping file https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/commonstocoremapping/MappingOWLTimeToIOF/).
natural language definition: data property that relates a time instance value to a XSD date-time

has simple expression value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: value expression
example: value expression with the unit 'C' that is the value expression of temperature has simple expression value "37"
explanatory note: 1. the literal represents the magnitude or a category within a classification scheme of an entity that the value expression is the value expression of 2. The label 'simple expression' was chosen due to the possiblity of introduction of a 'complex expression' object property in the future release that would be utilized for representation of things such as mathematical formulas
natural language definition: data property that relates a value expression to a literal

entity
type: Class
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: independent continuant
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
example: An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
example: As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
example: As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: two-dimensional spatial region
    union of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    union of: one-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
example: The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite
scope note: 'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region.

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: process
alternative label: event
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
example: An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
alternative label: internally-grounded realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: zero-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
example: The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
example: (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
alternative label: externally-grounded realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    union of: one-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
example: An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
scope note: 'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts.
scope note: The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts.

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: site
    union of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: site
    union of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region
  all values from: three-dimensional spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist
example: location of a container, floor area in a factory building, location of a machine (relative to the coordinate of a factory floor), location on a shelf in a warehouse
explanatory note: Even though site (physical location) always refers to a 3D space it is fine to define it practically just through 2D or 1D or 0D spatial region. For example when we want to talk about 2x2m area within a factory floor even though the space specified is 2D it is still ok to assert it as site as there is always the third dimension above the area that is implicit.
synonym: physical location

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
scope note: A description of three primary sorts of causal unity is provided in Basic Formal Ontology 2.0. Specification and User Guide

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
alternative label: g-dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
example: The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint

function
type: Class
subclass of: capability
definition: (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
example: The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
definition: p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
example: The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: Class
    union of: one-dimensional temporal region
    union of: zero-dimensional temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: one-dimensional temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
example: The temporal region during which a process occurs

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuant part of
  all values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: site
    union of: material entity
    union of: continuant fiat boundary
disjoint with: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location of
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site

fiat line
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: Class
    union of: fiat line
    union of: fiat point
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
example: The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin

process profile
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: process profile of
    some values from: process
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: process profile of
  some values from: process
disjoint with: history
example: temperature profile of a heating process, wind speed profile of a turbine, fuel consumption profile of a boiling pricess, RPM profile of a engine, noise profile of a transmission process, profile of daily average throughput of a production process, count-per-minute profile of a pick-n-place process
counter example: maximum temperature of a heating process, average speed of a vehicle trip, total energy consumed during a batch, peak pressure in a reactor, overall throughput of a production run, speed of the car at time t
direct source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo (BFO 2.0)
explanatory note: 1) Process profiles capture the attributes (called "structural dimension") of a process that we may use to compare processes, e.g., how fast something moves or how its temperature changes. Two movement process can be compared by comparing the speed profiles of two processes. 2) Process profile types represent common attributes of many different types of processes.. For example, profile of temperature in any heating process, profile of pressure in a piston cycle or pneumatic system. Domain and application-specific taxonomies of process profile need be developed to catalog these subtypes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀p, p', x (processProfileOf(p,x) ∧ temporalPartOf(p',p) → ∃x' (processProfileOf(p',x') ∧ temporalPartOf(x',x)))
first order logic definition: ProcessProfile(x) ↔ ∃y (Process(y) ∧ processProfileOf(x, y))
natural language definition: process that is proper part of another process and that captures the time-dependent behavior of some attribute of that process
semi-formal natural language axiom: if p is 'process profile of' x and p′ is a 'temporal part of' p, then there exists some x′ such that p′ is 'process profile of' x′ and x′ is a 'temporal part of' x
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'process profile' is defined as exactly an instance that is 'process profile of' some 'process'

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
example: A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another

fiat surface
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
example: The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant

fiat point
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part
  all values from: fiat point
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
example: The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
example: A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident

history
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
example: The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence

temporal interval
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
example: The year 2018.
scope note: A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps.
explanatory note: 1. The ‘first instant of’ a ‘temporal interval’ should ‘precede’ the ‘last instant of’ that ‘temporal interval’. Therefore, the date-time asserted (i.e., ‘has date-time instant value’ of the ‘temporal instant value expression’ that ‘is value expression of at all times’ of the ‘temporal instant’) for the first instant should be before the last instant in terms their positions in the corresponding calendar and clock system. For example, the first instant and last instant of a ‘temporal interval’ are 2002-10-10T17:00:00Z and 2002-10-11T01:40:00Z. 2. If only one date-time is available for the interval due to lack of data or an interval being smaller than the tick time (the smallest duration by which the time progresses) then the date-time should be asserted either only for first instant or only for last instant of every interval uniformly for the entire knowledge base. For example, Barack Obama gained the role of presidency on 20 January 2009 should be modeled as the process p of type ‘gain of role’ ‘occupies temporal region’ r (a ‘temporal interval’) which ‘has last instant’ i (a ‘temporal instant’) which ‘has value expression at all times’ v (a ‘temporal instant value expression’) which ‘has data-time value’ 2009-01-20T00:00:00Z.

temporal instant
type: Class
subclass of: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
example: The millennium

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example: pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2; to loosen a screw with a screwdriver, grab the screw driver with your hand, insert the tip into the head of the screw, apply forward pressure into the screwdriver, and rotate the screwdriver counterclockwise.
adapted from: Information Artifact Ontology, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 and also the Common Core Ontology, http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology (term Action Regulation)
explanatory note: 1. An action specification is typically a part of some plan specification. 2. All actions change the universe in some fashion. That is, they have outcomes, whether desired ones or not. Since desired outcomes are reasons for the existence of an action specification, we might argue that all action specifications are, in fact, plan specifications, with desired outcomes as objectives. However, our intent here is to capture instances of action specifications wherein objectives or desired outcomes are not explicitly stated and to delinate 'plan specifications' as cases where the objectives and the corresponding actions are explicitly stated. This is why the class is asserted directly under the information content entity. 3. Although not formalized at this stage, an action specification may prescribe a kind of process in more detail by prescribing the sequence of actions one or more participants are to do or by prescribing the actions persons bearing various roles are to do in bringing about the process. The latter would be relevant in situations where a particular participant bears two (or even more roles) in a process. An example of the latter would be a particular shop floor worker bearing and realizing both the role of the operator and that of the inspector as prescribed by some action specification and as realized in today's occurrences of some punch-press process. 4. Action specification can be used together with plan specification to create a hierarchy of work instruction composition.
first-order logic axiom: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃p(Process(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → ActionSpecification(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that prescribes what participants shall do in a process
primitive rationale: See the rationale provided under information content entity for informational entity types.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'process' then x is an 'action specification'
synonym: actionable work instruction

agent
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: engineered system
    union of: group of agents
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: agent role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: agent role
example: an employee; a transportation & logistics provider; a robot; a scheduling system
counter example: 1. Of physical and chemical in nature: Cleaning, vulcanizing, fluxing, indicator, sterilizing, emulisifying, refining. 2. Organisms: animals, cells, parts of organisms (organs, organelles, viruses).
explanatory note: 1. See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience. 2. The IOF has elected to exclude material substances often referred to as agents. That is, they realize some specific function that some person desires (e.g., platinum is a reducing agent in various reduction-type reactions -- as used in a catalytic converter to eliminate or reduce various pollutants in exhausts). 3. The IOF has, at this time, excluded non-human agents, such as animals and other organisms (often referred to as biological agents).
first order logic definition: Agent(x) ↔ (Person(x) ∨ GroupOfAgents(x) ∨ EngineeredSystem(x)) ∧ ∃r(AgentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: person, group of persons, or engineered system with an agent role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'agent' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person', 'group of agents', or 'engineered system' when it 'has role' some 'agent role'

agent role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: fiat object part
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: acts on behalf of at some time
      some values from: Class
        union of: engineered system
        union of: group of agents
        union of: person
example: a person has an employee role when he/she acts on behalf of the business organization that employs them
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/AgentOntology
counter example: Other types of agents we are not including at this stage are: 1. Those that are physical and chemical in nature: Cleaning, vulcanizing, fluxing, indicator, sterilizing, emulisifying, refining. 2. Organisms: animals, cells, parts of organisms (organs, organelles, viruses). 3. In computing: intelligent, artificial, mobile, & autonomous
explanatory note: 1.The IOF has elected to exclude material substances that may, at times, act like or are often referred to as agents, in that they realize some specific function that some person desires (e.g., platinum is a reducing agent in various reduction-type reactions -- as used in a catalytic converter to eliminate or reduce various pollutants in exhausts). 2. The IOF has at this time excluded other types of non-human agents, such as animals and other organisms (often referred to as biological agents). 3. in case the 'material entity' is an engineered system or group of agents or person acting on behalf of oneself is also allowed
first-order logic axiom: AgentRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃n∃m((MaterialEntity(m) ∧ ¬FiatObjectPart(x)) ∧ roleOf(x,m) ∧ (Person(n) ∨ GroupOfAgents(n) ∨ EngineeredSystem(n)) ∧ actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(m, n))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role that someone or something has when they act on behalf of a person, engineered system or a group of agents
primitive rationale: This term is expected to remain primitive. While 'acting on behalf of at some time' captures the essence of being an agent, the realization of the agent role is expected to have too generic of a scope to define a sufficient condition that would not cause conflict (overlap) with the realization of other roles, which can in turn lead to reasoner errors when a specific entity bears multiple roles simoultaneously. Also, no further conditions specific to the role and not to the bearer of the role have been created thus far.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'agent role' x then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' (that is not a 'fiat object part') when it 'acts on behalf of at some time' some 'person' or 'group of agents' or 'engineered system'

agreement
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000110
  some values from: objective specification
example: prenuptial agreement; memorandum of understanding; non-disclosure agreement; employment agreement; purchase order that has been confirmed by the seller by e-mail; handshake agreement to buy something in the State of Florida, which happens to be legally-binding in that juristiction provided certain evidence can be produced
adapted from: FIBO https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FND/Agreements/Agreements, term by the same name
first-order logic axiom: Agreement(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ hasContinuantPartAtAllTimes(x,o))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: understanding between two or more parties that contains a set of commitments on the part of the parties
primitive rationale: In addition to the general discussion provided for information content enty,there are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, patterns surrounding commitment and party need to be established
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'agreement' then x is an 'information content entity' that 'has continuant part at all times' some 'objective specification'

algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example: pseudo code for sorting data, flowchart for automatic control of a process
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000064 and http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
counter example: executable code, source code
explanatory note: 1. to translate in this context means to implement the algorithm such that it is readily executable 2. algorithms in this context should be interpreted as implementation-independent (language-neutral) representations and are typically represented as pseudo-code or a flowchart 3. declarative steps should be interpreted in the context of declarative programming
first-order logic axiom: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y(EncodedAlgorithm(y) ∧ prescribes(x,y)) → Algorithm(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that prescribes procedural or declarative steps which can be translated to computer interpretable instructions
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided under information content entity.
semi-formal natural language axiom: If x is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'encoded algorithm' then x is an instance of 'algorithm'

assembly
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: component part of at all times
  some values from: material component
example: powertrain assembly; partially-assembled powertrain + transmission assembly lying nearby; driveshaft assembly temporarily disassembled for repair or routine maintenance; separator assembly consisting of variously-shaped separator parts that safeguard wine bottles in a case of wine during transport; a material artifact produced entirely through additive manufacturing (provided it is a component somewhere, and can it can be disassembled without damage/destruction).
adapted from: APICS 14 ed., 2013, term by the same name; DoD Standard Practice, Identification Marking of US Military Property (MIL-STD-130N Nov. 2012) https://dodprocurementtoolbox.com/cms/sites/default/files/resources/2016-03/MIL-Std130N_Ch1_4.pdf, term by the same name
counter example: a portion of material; a piece of glass; a rod of aluminum; a roll of aluminum; an engine block
explanatory note: Although the term is polysemous and used in a number of other domains beyond manufacturing, it is introduced here as a covering term for any man-made artifact that satisfies the conditions provided, and independent of modality. We expect various subclasses of assembly to be introduced in future along with more precise heuristics for the various modalities in which they exist.
first-order logic axiom: LA1: Assembly(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃c∃c1(MaterialComponent(c) ∧ MaterialComponent(c1) ∧ componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c,x) ∧ componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c1,x) ∧ ¬(c=c1 ∨ (componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c,c1) ∨ componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c1,c))))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃p(AssemblyProcess(p) ∧ isSpecifiedOutputOf(x,p)) → Assembly(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: material artifact that is composed of material components that are physically connected and that is capable of disassembly
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs in the ontology to provide necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, 'disassembly capability' is missing.
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: if x is an 'assembly' then x is a 'material artifact' and there are at least two distinct 'material component' that are 'component part of at all times' x
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: Material Artifact x that 'is specified output of' some Assembly Process p implies x is an Assembly
usage note: Every assembly has a plurality of material components. While this is captured in the FOL, due to reasoning limitations with cardinality restrictions and complex properties, the OWL axiom uses 'some' instead of min 2. Hence, this class should be modeled as having at least two material components on the instance level.

assembly process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: assembly
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has component part at all times
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material component
        intersection of: Restriction
example: Driving a lug nut to hold the wheel of a car in place; welding two metal parts into a single object; automated drilling and riveting of a skin panel operation during fuselage assembly;
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/EventOntology
counter example: 3D printing on an existing part (existing part + a pool of printing material -> new part) -- Note that the pool of material is an object before the process but becomes liquid (there is physical state change) during the "assembly" process.
first-order logic axiom: AssemblyProcess(x) → ManufacturingProcess(x) ∧ ∃a∃c (Assembly(a) ∧ MaterialComponent(c) ∧ isInputOf(c,x) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(a,c) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,a))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: manufacturing process in which a number of material components are physically connected to each other to form an assembly
primitive rationale: More conditions (differentia) need to be agreed upon by the domain experts as processes like 3D printing can also produce an assembly.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'assembly process' x then x is a 'manufacturing process' that 'has specified output' some 'assembly' which 'has component part at all times' some 'material component' that 'is input of' x

business function
type: Class
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: function of
  some values from: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribed by
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: objective specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: generically depends on
      some values from: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: business process
example: Pfizer has the business function to produce medicines; Airbus has the business function of manufacturing planes
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_purpose
counter example: any function of a non-profit organization
first-order logic axiom: LA1: BusinessFunction(x) → Function(x) ∧ ∃o∃i(Organization(o) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(i) ∧ functionOf(x,o) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(i,o) ∧ prescribedBy(x,i)) ∧ ∀y(hasRealization(x,y) → BusinessProcess(y))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: Function(x) ∧ ∃o∃i∃p(Organization(o) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(i) ∧ BusinessProcess(p) ∧ functionOf(x,o) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(i,o) ∧ prescribedBy(x,i) ∧ hasRealization(x,p)) → BusinessFunction(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: function of an organization to partake in for profit activities as prescribed by the objectives specified by that organization
primitive rationale: As a function will come into its existance prior to its realization in given business processes necessary and sufficient conditions can not be created at this point due to a lack of patterns to express process types regardless of the time of their existence
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: if x is a 'business function' then x is a 'function' that is 'function of' some 'organization' and that is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' and whenever x 'has realization' y that y must be a 'business process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: if x is a 'function' that is 'function of' some 'organization' and that is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' and that 'has realization' some 'business process' then x is a 'business function'

business organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: business function
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: business function
example: Mercedes-Benz, Deloitte, Pfizer, Airbus
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business
explanatory note: Business entities are formally organized according to the laws prevailing in the locales and countries in which it operates or conducts business, and include companies, corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships.
first order logic definition: BusinessOrganization(x) ↔ Organization(x) ∧ ∃f(BusinessFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f))
natural language definition: organization engaging in or planning to engage in any activity of buying and selling goods or services for a profit
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of a business organization' is defined as exactly an instance of 'organization' that 'has function' some 'business function'

business process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: agent
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: acts on behalf of at some time
      some values from: business organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribed by
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: plan specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000110
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: objective specification
        intersection of: Restriction
example: product production process; manufacturing enterprise process; finance operation; logistics operation.
adapted from: ISO 15704 and APICS
explanatory note: This definition leaves open the possibility that the business entity that carries the plan that prescribes the process, has no direct participation in the process, which would imply that some 3rd-party agent is playing a causal role as the process unfolds, and is acting on behalf of the Business Entity's interests.
first-order logic axiom: BusinessProcess (p) → PlannedProcess(p) ∧ ∃o∃b∃s∃y (ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ BusinessOrganization(b) ∧ PlanSpecification(s) ∧ isCarrierOfAtSomeTime(b,o) ∧ continuantPartofAtAllTimes(o,s) ∧ Agent(y) ∧ actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(y,b) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,x))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: planned process which is prescribed by a plan specification with one or more objectives specified by a business organization
primitive rationale: More conditions (differentia) need to be agreed upon by the domain experts.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'business process' then x is a 'planned process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'agent' that 'acts on behalf of at some time' a 'business organization' that 'is carrier of at some time' some 'objective specification' that is 'continuant part of at all times' a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' x

buyer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: buyer role
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: buyer role
example: Pfizer when it buys a bulk of chemicals from MiliporeSigma; a person is when they buy groceries at the supermarket; a manufacturing enterprise when they hire an external organization to do some manufacturing process (manufacturing as a service); a person when they hire someone to repair a broken pipe
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: Buyer(x) ↔ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x) ∧ ∃r(BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: person or organization which has a buyer role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'buyer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'buyer role'

buyer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: buying business process
example: Pfizer has a buyer role when it buys a bulk of chemicals from MiliporeSigma; a person has a buyer role when they buy groceries at the supermarket; a manufacturing enterprise has a buyer role when they hire an external organization to do some manufacturing process (manufacturing as a service); a person has a buyer role when they hire someone to repair a broken pipe
adapted from: OAGIS
first-order logic axiom: BuyerRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p ((Organization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it buys a product or a service
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for economic transactions and ownership are lacking
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'buyer role' x then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'person' or 'organization' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'buying business process'

buying business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: buyer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service agreement
    union of: material product
example: GM buys tires from Good Year to be assembled into its cars; GE Conglomerate (buyer) buys steels for uses in productions by its GE aviation subsidiary (customer) and GE Transportation subsidiary (customer)
adapted from: CCO:http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/ActOfBuying NL definition: OAGIS and CCO
explanatory note: 1.The agent who uses the finiancial instrument may not own the financial instrument and hence agent may not be the paying agent. 2. It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
first-order logic axiom: BuyingBusinessProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃y∃z((MaterialProduct(y) ∨ CommercialServiceAgreement(y)) ∧ Buyer(z) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTIme(x,y) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,z))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: business process wherein a financial instrument is used by an agent (buyer) to acquire ownership of a product or commercial service from another agent (seller) for the buyer itself or for another agent (customer)
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, ownership and economic transactions require formalization.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'buying business process' then x is a 'business process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'buyer' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' or 'commercial service agreement'

capability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
example: Capability of a person to play chess at the "master" level; of a team to play football in the professional league; of a lathe to turn at maximal speed of 4,000 RPM; or of your digestive system to digest tiramisu.
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/AgentOntology
explanatory note: 1. Whereas the BFO term 'disposition refers to all tendencies, powers, habits, skills, potentials, and so forth, that a material entity may possess, a Capability narrows this down by requiring the existence of an Agent that has an interest in the realization of the capability 2. This definition does not attempt to capture "task-based" capabilities that an entity may bear -- e.g., a stone's capability to kill when used by some person. Rather, it captures "proper capabilities." See related discussion of "proper functions" in the literature. 3. All functions are capabilities and in a future release BFO:Function will be asserted directly under capability. 4. Not all capabilities are functions. Capabilities are often added to an artifact by the designer/engineer, or to a biological entity through evolution, as "additional benefits," and are differentiated from function (i.e., purpose). Examples: the air conditioner in your car is a capability but not the function of your car. Yet the function of the car air conditioner certainly forms some material basis of your car's ability to provide a comfortable experience. The ability of your heart to beat fast to support your need to run fast to escape a threat. The decaying stick on the forest lawn does not have the function to be used as a tool, but certainly a chimpanzee may have an interest in using a stick to extract food from a termite mound.
first-order logic axiom: Capability(x) → Disposition(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: disposition in whose realization some agent has an interest
primitive rationale: This concept will be further developed and formalized in a future release of BFO.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'capability' then x is a 'disposition'
synonym: ability

classifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: denoter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: classifies
    some values from: entity
subclass of: denoter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: classifies
  some values from: entity
example: UNSPSC code 26101507 classifies turboshaft engine, pBR322 classifies a plasmid
counter example: serial number of a product, lot number of a lot
first order logic definition: Classifier(x) ↔ Denoter(x) ∧ ∃e(classifies(x, e))
natural language definition: denoter that classifies some entity
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of ‘classifier’ is defined exactly as an ‘information content entity’ that ‘classifies’ some entity

commercial service
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: supplying business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is subject of
  some values from: commercial service agreement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribed by
  some values from: commercial service specification
example: Lufthansa Aviation Services maintains airplanes for United Airlines when the plane stops at Frankfurt International Airport.
explanatory note: 1. A consumption process means using or benefiting. 2.Typically, the service provisioning process and consumption process coincide temporally which is different from a material product that is consumed (used) only after supplied.
first-order logic axiom: Commercialervice(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃p∃y∃a∃s(CommercialServiceSpecification(p) ∧ ServiceProvider(y) ∧ CommercialServiceAgreement(s) ∧ SupplyingBusinessProcess(a) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,a) ∧ prescribedBy(x,p) ∧ isSubjectOf(x,s))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: business process that consists of a service provisioning process and a consumption process
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, service consumption needs to be formalized.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'commercial service' then x is a 'business process' that is 'prescribed by' some 'commercial service specification' and that 'has participant at some time' some 'service provider' 'and x 'has occurent part' some 'supplying business process' and x 'is subject of' some 'commercial service agreement'

commercial service agreement
type: Class
subclass of: agreement
example: a cellphone plan, a maintenance service agreement, equipment lease agreement that includes a maintenance plan
adapted from: https://schema.org/, http://www.heppnetz.de/projects/goodrelations/ and http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/service.html
counter example: a blanket purchase order, commodity contract
first-order logic axiom: Agreement(x) ∧ ∃c∃y∃z(CommercialService(c) ∧ ServiceProviderRole(y) ∧ CustomerRole(z) ∧ isAbout(x,c) ∧ prescribes(x,y) ∧ prescribes(x,z)) → CommercialServiceAgreement(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: agreement between a customer and service provider that is about some commercial service to be provided by the service provider in exchange for compensation from the customer
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: If x is an 'agreement' that 'is about' some 'commercial service' and that 'prescribes' some 'customer role' and some 'service provider role' then x is a 'commercial service agreement'

commercial service specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
example: protocol on how maintenance will be conducted on airplanes that is a part of the agreement between Frankfurt Airport and various airlines
adapted from: https://schema.org/, http://www.heppnetz.de/projects/goodrelations/ and http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/service.html
first-order logic axiom: PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(CommercialService(c) ∧ prescribes(x,c)) → CommercialServiceSpecification(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: plan specification that prescribes a commercial service
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' some 'commercial service' then x is a 'commercial service specification'

computing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      on property: achieves at some time
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: objective specification
        intersection of: Restriction
    union of: Restriction
      on property: has specified output
      some values from: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: agent
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: algorithm
        union of: encoded algorithm
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: generically depends on
        some values from: agent
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: algorithm
      union of: encoded algorithm
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: generically depends on
      some values from: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  all values from: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  all values from: information content entity
example: execution of a neural network implemented in tensorflow to classify a set of images on a specific cluster; running of the MPC algorithm to control pressure during the production process
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing) and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computing)
explanatory note: 1. The inputs and specified outputs of 'computing process' are strictly limited to information content entities. 2. While it is true that algorithms can result in an action by an agent that concretizes it (e.g. controller changes the pressure of a valve), the intermediate step is still an information content entity (e.g. action specification) that is 'concretized' in a separate process that results in the action.
first-order logic axiom: ComputingProcess(x) → ∀y((hasInput(x,y) ∨ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,y)) → InformationContentEntity(y))
first order logic definition: ComputingProcess(x) ↔ PlannedProcess(x) ∧ ∃y∃a(Agent(y) ∧ (Algorithm(a) ∨ EncodedAlgorithm(a)) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTIme(x,y) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(a,y) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime(x,a) ∧ (∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(o,a) ∧ achievesAtSomeTIme(x,o)) ∨ ∃i(InformationContentEntity(i) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,i))))
natural language definition: planned process in which an algorithm or an encoded algorithm is realized by an agent
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'computing process' then whenever x 'has input' or 'has specified output' y that y must be an 'information content entity'
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'computing process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'planned process' that 'concretizes at some time' an 'encoded algorithm' or 'algorithm' y which 'generically depends on at some time' some 'agent' which 'participates in at some time' the 'computing process' and the 'computing process' either 'achieves at some time' some 'objective specification' that is 'continuant part of at all times y or it 'has specified output' some 'information content entity'

consumable
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: consumable role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: consumable role
example: Deionized water used as a suspension medium in PVC polymerization and partially lost through evaporation; Sterile filter used for media sterilization and discarded after use; Coolant/antifreeze used as a heat-transfer fluid in cooling system maintenance and replaced during servicing; Cleaning solvent used as a cleaning agent in equipment cleaning and disposed after use; Packing tape used as a sealing material in case sealing and incorporated into the sealed package; Dry ice used as a refrigerant medium in cold-chain shipping and sublimed during transport
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: Consumable(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(ConsumableRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x, r))
natural language definition: material entity which has the consumable role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'consumable' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'consumable role'

consumable role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: role of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Class
        union of: Restriction
  union of: Restriction
    on property: role of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: prescribed by
        some values from: input specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: planned process
example: Deionized water in the role of a consumable in PVC polymerization as a suspension medium; Sterile filter in the role of a consumable in media sterilization; Coolant/antifreeze in the role of a consumable in cooling system maintenance as a heat-transfer fluid; Cleaning solvent in the role of a consumable in equipment cleaning as a cleaning agent; Packing tape in the role of a consumable in case sealing as a sealing material; Dry ice in the role of a consumable in cold-chain shipping as a refrigerant medium
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumables
explanatory note: 'Used up' (consumed) in this context means that either a) the material entity no longer exist at the end of the process or b) the material entity has reduced or lost capability as a result of the process.
first-order logic axiom: ConsumableRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∀y(hasRealization(x,y) → PlannedProcess(y)) ∧ (∃a(roleOf(x,a) ∧ MaterialEntity(a) ∧ (∃f(hasCapability(a,f) ∧ Capability(f) ∧ ∃p(hasRealization(f,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))) ∨ ∃p(isInputOf(a,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p)))) ∨ ∃a(roleOf(x,a) ∧ MaterialEntity(a) ∧ ∃b(prescribedBy(a,b) ∧ InputSpecification(b))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role held by a material entity when it is planned to be, or is partially or fully used up in a planned process
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to define necessary and sufficient conditions. Specifically constructs that fully model capability loss or degradation are missing.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'consumable role' then x is a 'role' that 'has realization' only 'planned process' and x is a 'role of' either a 'material entity' that is 'prescribed by' some 'input specification', or a 'material entity' that 'is input of' some 'planned process', or a 'material entity' that 'has capability' some 'capability' that 'has realization' in some 'planned process'

customer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: customer role
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: customer role
example: GE aviation subsidiary and GE Transportation subsidiary when they utilize the steel bought for them by the GE Conglomerate; a person when they utilize a lap top that they bought from Target; a person when they subscribe for a phone plan
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: Customer(x) ↔ (Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r(CustomerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: person or organization which has a customer role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'customer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'customer role'

customer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
example: GE aviation subsidiary and GE Transportation subsidiary have the customer role when they utilize the steel bought for them by the GE Conglomerate; a person has a customer role when they utilize a lap top that they bought from Target; a person has a customer role when they subscribe for a phone plan
adapted from: OAGIS
first-order logic axiom: CustomerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y((Person(y) ∨ Organization(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it utilizes the product or receives the service or subscribes to the commercial service agreement
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'utilizing the product' and 'subscribing to an agreement' need to be formalized.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'customer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' a 'person' or 'organization'

denoter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: entity
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: entity
example: 'vehicle identification number' denotes a vehicle; 'ethanol' is a name given by IUPAC which denotes molecules with the structure CH3-CH2-OH; 50-99-7 is a CAS registry number that denotes glucose; the lot identifier assigned to a batch of rivets just received from China by the Airbus final assembly plant in Toulouse, FR; URI of a website
explanatory note: A denoter is an information content entity used to distinguish an entity in a particular context. The relation denotes does not require uniqueness at either the individual level or the type level. More specific subclasses, such as identifier and classifier, should be used where stronger forms of distinction are needed. Identifier is used for individual-level uniqueness. Classifier is used for type-level uniqueness.
first order logic definition: Denoter(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ denotes(x,e))
natural language definition: information content entity that denotes some entity
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'denoter' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'denotes' some 'entity'

descriptive information content entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: describes
    some values from: entity
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: entity
example: a description of a product in a product catalogue, the wheelbase of this car is 3m, digital copy of a Mona Lisa drawing
abbreviation: descriptive ICE
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
explanatory note: This class is intended to be a defined class used for axiomatization and assertion convenience. It is not expected nor recommended that entities will be asserted as a subclass of this class.
first order logic definition: DescriptiveInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ describes(x,e))
natural language definition: information content entity that characterizes (gives a description of) an entity
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'descriptive information content entity ' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'describes' some 'entity'

design specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribes
  all values from: continuant
example: document specifying the characteristics of a pharmaceutical product; the design of a software program to schedule the work orders in a factory
adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design and from http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology, term under the name 'artifact design'
counter example: process design
explanatory note: 1. Design specification may be a model or a textual or graphical specification. 2. This class is not intended to be used to represent the design of planned processes. For this purpose, plan specification should be used. 3. Something 'man-made' comprehends those physical and non-physical things that are intentionally created by human beings. Hence the thing specified by a design specification may be either BFO:GDC or BFO:Material Entity. 4. A design specification specifies what the thing should be, such as its shape, size, tolerance, and performance but not necessarily how the thing should be made. If it contains information on how a thing should be made, this should be modeled separately through a 'plan specification' that is 'part of' the design specification 5. Typically, a design specification satisfies a set of requirements
first-order logic axiom: LA1: DesignSpecification(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∀c (prescribes(x,c) → Continuant(c))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃c∃r(Continuant(c) ∧ RequirementSpecification(r) ∧ satisfiesRequirement(x,r) ∧ prescribes(x,c)) ∧ ∀c1(prescribes(x,c1) → Continuant(c1)) → DesignSpecification(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that prescribes something man-made
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: if d is a 'design specification' then d is an 'information content entity' and whenever d 'prescribes' y that y must be a 'continuant'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: if d is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'continuant' and that 'satisfies requirement' some 'requirement specification' and if all y that d 'presribes' are instance of 'continuant' then d is a 'design specification'

designative information content entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: designates
    some values from: entity
subclass of: denoter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designates
  some values from: entity
example: uri of a website, social security number of a person, lot number of a batch of products, a serial number on a machine, a credit card number, a combination of data in a database table uniquely identify each record in the table
abbreviation: designative ICE
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
explanatory note: 1. This class is intended to be a defined class used for axiomatization and assertion convenience. It is not expected nor recommended that entities will be asserted as a subclass of this class. 2. Since the relation 'designates' is defined as a functional property, uniqueness is enforced in the term's formalization.
first order logic definition: DesignativeInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ designates(x,e))
natural language definition: information content entity that uniquely identifies an entity
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'designative information content entity' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'designates' some 'entity'

designed function
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: function
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: prescribed by
    some values from: design specification
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribed by
  some values from: design specification
example: the function of a oil pump to pump oil, the function of a knife to cut things
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/ArtifactOntology
first order logic definition: ArtifactFunction(x) ↔ Function(x) ∧ ∃d(DesignSpecification(m)∧ prescribedBy(x,d))
natural language definition: function that is intentionally designed
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'designed function' is exactly an instance of 'function' that is 'prescribed by' some 'design specification'

directive information content entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: prescribes
    some values from: entity
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribes
  some values from: entity
example: blueprint of a building, process plan, software functional requirement
abbreviation: directive ICE
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
explanatory note: This class is intended to be a defined class used for axiomatization and assertion convenience. It is not expected nor recommended that entities will be asserted as a subclass of this class.
first order logic definition: DirectiveInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ prescribes(x,e))
natural language definition: information content entity that prescribes a set of rules or guidelines for a process or a model of something man-made
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'directive information content entity' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'entity'

encoded algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
example: source code encoded in Java that implements a sorting algorithm; Python script that implements a decision tree and that has the objective to classify melt pool images
adapted from: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000001
counter example: flowchart, pseudocode
explanatory note: Readily executable means that it can be 1) concretized by a computing process which is prescribed by the encoded algorithm or 2) in case of source code concretized by a compiling process
first-order logic axiom: PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃y(ComputingProcess(y) ∧ prescribes(x,y)) → EncodedAlgorithm(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: plan specification that is the implementation of an algorithm encoded in a specific programming language or framework and that is readily executable
primitive rationale: In addition to the general discussion provided for information content enty,there are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely constructs for 'encoded in', 'implementation of' and 'programming language' or 'framework' as well as 'compiling process' are still missing.
semi-formal natural language axiom: If x is a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' some 'computing process' then x is an instance of 'encoded algorithm'

engineered system
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: designed function
subclass of: system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: designed function
example: machine, laptop, traffic light system
adapted from: www.incose.com, term by the same name
first order logic definition: EngineeredSystem(x) ↔ System(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))
natural language definition: system that is deliberately created to have a certain function
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'engineered system' is defined as exactly an instance of 'system' that is the 'bearer of' some 'designed function'

equipment role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: engineered system
      union of: material artifact
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: prescribed by
      some values from: Class
        union of: plan specification
        union of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: planned process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: realizes
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: function
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  all values from: Class
    union of: engineered system
    union of: material artifact
example: role of a wrench when it is used in the maintenance process of a car; role of a chromatography column that is planned to be used in a protein purification process; role of a truck that is used to transport goods to the buyer; role of a single-use bioreactor when it is planned to be used in the upstream phase of a biomanufacturing process
adapted from: adapted from Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘equipment’
explanatory note: 1. By including in the definition that the material artifact or engineered system is not consumed in the process, the equipment role intentionally excludes entities such as consumables and reagents, which should be modeled separately. 2. In the definition, "utilized for carrying out" implies that the function of the given material artifact or the engineered system needs to be realized in the process. That is, entities with the equipment role should not passively participate in the prescribed process. This differentiates 'material entities with the equipment role' (a piece of equipment) from material entities that are acted upon (transformed or modified) in the given process.
first-order logic axiom: LA1: EquipmentRole(x) → ∀y (hasRealization(x,y) → (PlannedProcess(y) ∧ ∃f (Function(f) ∧ realizes(y,f) ∧ ∃z ((EngineeredSystem(z) ∨ MaterialArtifact(z)) ∧ functionOf(f,z)))))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: EquipmentRole(x) → ∀y (roleOf(x,y) → (EngineeredSystem(y) ∨ MaterialArtifact(y)))
first-order logic axiom: LA3: EquipmentRole(x) → ∃y ( roleOf(x,y) ∧ (EngineeredSystem(y) ∨ MaterialArtifact(y)) ∧ ∃z ( prescribedBy(y,z) ∧ ( PlanSpecification(z) ∨ ∃p ( PlanSpecification(p) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(z,p) ) ) ) )
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role held by a material artifact or an engineered system when it is planned to be involved in or is involved in carrying out some part of a planned process and that is not consumed in that planned process
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to define necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, patterns for utilized in carrying out and not consumed need to be developed further.
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: if x is an ‘equipment role’ then whenever x ‘has realization’ y, y is a ‘planned process’ that ‘realizes’ some ‘function’ that is ‘function of’ some ‘engineered system’ or ‘material artifact’
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: if x is an ‘equipment role’ then whenever x ‘role of’ y, y must be an ‘engineered system’ or a ‘material artifact’
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA3: if x is an ‘equipment role’ then x is ‘role of’ some y such that y is an ‘engineered system’ or a ‘material artifact’, and y is ‘prescribed by’ some entity that is either a ‘plan specification’ or something that is ‘continuant part of at all times’ some ‘plan specification’

event
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recognized by at some time
  some values from: agent
example: a machine failure event, the amount of cells in a bioreactor reaches a certain threshold
adapted from: Oxford Languages, term by the same name
counter example: an event in discrete event simulation is too generic and that notion of event is just BFO:Occurrent
first-order logic axiom: Event(x) → (Process(x) ∨ ProcessBoundary(x)) ∧ ∃y(Agent(y) ∧ recognizedByAtSomeTime(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: phenomena (process or process boundary) that is recognized by an agent and typically recorded
primitive rationale: More conditions (differentia) need to be agreed upon by the domain experts as not all occurrents recognized by an agent are events.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'event' then x is a 'process' or 'process boundary' and there is some 'agent' that 'recognizes at some time' x

gain of role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: occupies temporal region
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: temporal interval
        intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has output
      some values from: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000167
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: independent continuant
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: spatial region
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000167
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies temporal region
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: temporal interval
    intersection of: Class
      union of: Restriction
        on property: meets
        some values from: Class
      union of: Restriction
        on property: temporally overlaps
        some values from: Class
      union of: Restriction
        on property: temporally starts
        some values from: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: role
example: the process of gaining an operator role when someone is assigned in that position
adapted from: CCO
explanatory note: 1. If only one date-time is available for some gain of role processes due to lack of data or an interval being smaller than the tick time (the smallest duration by which the time progresses) then the date-time should be asserted either only for first instant or only for last instant of every interval, for which a gain of role process occurs, uniformly for the entire knowledge base. For example, Barack Obama gained the role of presidency on 20 January 2009 should be modeled as the process p of type ‘gain of role’ ‘occupies temporal region’ r (a ‘temporal interval’) which ‘has last instant’ i (a ‘temporal instant’) which ‘has value expression at all times’ v (a ‘temporal instant value expression’) which ‘has data-time value’ 2009-01-20T00:00:00Z.
first order logic definition: GainOfRole(p) ↔ Process(p) ∧ ∃t∃t1∃r∃y(TemporalInterval(t) ∧ TemporalInterval(t1) ∧ Role(r)∧ (IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(p,t) ∧ (temporallyOverlaps(t,t1) ∨ temporallyStarts(t,t1) ∨ meets(t,t1)) ∧ hasOutput(p,r) ∧ existsAt(r,t1) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ hasParticipantAtAllTimes(p,y) ∧ ∀t2(TemporalRegion(t2) ∧ existsAt(r,t2) → (occurrentPartOf(t2,t1) ∨ t2 = t1)))
natural language definition: process in which someone or something (independent continuant that is not a spatial region) becomes the bearer of a role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of ‘gain of role’ is defined exactly as an instance of a ‘process’ p that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal interval' t that ‘temporally starts’ or ‘temporally overlaps’ or 'meets' some 'temporal interval' t1, and p ‘has participant at all times’ some 'independent continuant' that is not a 'spatial region' y and p ‘has output’ some ‘role’ r that only ‘exists at’ t1 and y 'has role' r

group of agents
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: object aggregate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member part
    some values from: agent
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member part
    all values from: agent
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member part
  some values from: agent
example: organization; an automated manufacturing cell; division; protesters
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/AgentOntology
explanatory note: 1. Group of agents being a BFO:Object Aggregate allows for a point in time where only one 'agent' is present. 2. As the name suggests, a group of agents is a grouping of agents based on some criteria. As such, it can only have agents as members. 3. The members of the group of agents can be any combination of persons, organizations, or engineered systems (classes that can be 'agent'). They are typically grouped based on the fact that they are working collectively in a particular type of process on behalf of someone.
first order logic definition: GroupOfAgents(x) ↔ ObjectAggregate(x) ∧ ∃y(Agent(y) ∧ hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x, y)) ∧ ∀z (hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x, z) → Agent(z))
natural language definition: group (object aggregate) that has one or more agents as members
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'group of agents is defined as exactly an instance of 'object aggregate' that only has 'agent' as 'member parts' and that always has at least one 'agent as its 'member part'

group of persons
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: object aggregate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member part
    some values from: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member part
    all values from: person
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member part
  some values from: person
example: The band, called The Beatles, survived the change in drummer from Pete Best to Ringo Starr
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/AgentOntology
first order logic definition: GroupOfPersons(x) ↔ ObjectAggregate(x) ∧ ∃y(Person(y) ∧ hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x, y)) ∧ ∀z(hasMemberPartAtSomelTime(x, z) → Person(z))
natural language definition: group (object aggregate) that has one or more persons as members
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'group of persons' is defined as exactly an instance of 'object aggregate' that 'has member part at some time' some 'person' and 'has member part at some time' only 'person'

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: designative information content entity
example: URI of a website; social security number of a person (living in the United States), a global location number assigned to the Amazon regional distribution center at 12300 Bermuda Rd in Henderson, NV; the lot identifier assigned to a batch of rivets just received from China by the Airbus final assembly plant in Toulouse, FR; the VIN number assigned to the Tesla in my garage; a credit card number, the value of a field in a company's internal IT systems system used to uniquely identify a particular product and product revision.
adapted from: https://www.omg.org/spec/Commons/Identifiers/Identifier
explanatory note: 1. Identifier can be just one designative ICE or consist of a combination of them. It can also be a combination of other types of information; for example, in a particular domain of discourse, a combination of first name and last name can provide sufficient uniqueness for entities in that domain. 2. The designative property enforces uniqueness as it is a functional property. In other words, on the instance level, each instance of identifier designates exactly one instance of an entity.
first-order logic axiom: Identifier(x) → Denoter(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ designates(x,e))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: denoter that is used to uniquely identify an entity within a particular context
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely patterns to connect context to the identifier are still missing
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'identifier' then x is an 'denoter' that 'designates' some 'entity'

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
example: the content of an email; the content of a document; the content in a CAD file; an algorithm for solving the quadratic equation; a guide or standard for writing and formatting conference papers.
abbreviation: ICE
adapted from: Information Artifact Ontology, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 and also the Common Core Ontology, http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
explanatory note: 1. Information content entity is intended to be a class of entities whose instances represent some distinct content or pattern independent from the various ways of conveying it by physical, electronic, or other means. For example, three instances of information bearers -- a bar chart, a color-coded map, and a written report -- each conveying the GDP of Countries for the year 2010, are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of information content entity leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the entity they are about rather than attributes such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as various qualities of the material entities that have them. 2. Information content entities are typically textual or schematic.
first-order logic axiom: GenericallyDependentContinuant(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ isAbout(x,e)) → InformationContentEntity(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: content or a pattern (generically dependent continuant) that is about some entity
primitive rationale: Information content entities may well "be about" entity types for which no instances ever come into existence (e.g., a plan or requirement not implemented or satisfied, a command or directive never obeyed or followed, or an objective never achieved). IOF's current approach to modeling such informational entity types is to provide one or more sufficient conditions that can be readily expressed in OWL.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'generically dependent continuant' that 'is about' some 'entity' then x is an 'information content entity'
synonym: Information

input specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribes
  all values from: Class
    union of: Class
      intersection of: continuant
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is input of
        some values from: planned process
    union of: Class
      intersection of: specifically dependent continuant
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: specifically depends on
        some values from: Class
example: A specification indicating that the cell culture media used in the expansion procedure must contain glutamine at ≥ 2 mM and be supplemented with a validated serum lot; A formulation recipe operation with an input specification stating that the stabilizing excipient must be Trehalose Dihydrate, USP grade, and present in sufficient quantity to reach 50 mM final concentration; A specification for a cell imaging protocol requiring input slides to contain at least 90% confluency before proceeding with high-content imaging; A maintenance work instruction with an input specification requiring the replacement filter cartridge used in the filter replacement operation to be the specified model and micron rating; A specification for a batch calculation step requiring the input sensor readings to be time-stamped and include units for each measured quantity; A specification stating that a freight shipment must be palletized on standard pallets and secured for transport before loading.
counter example: Machine must be powered on before starting the procedure; The system must be depressurized and isolated before maintenance begins; The workspace must be cleaned and cleared of tools before starting the task; The room temperature must be between 18 °C and 22 °C before initiating the process
first-order logic axiom: InputSpecification(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∀y(prescribes(x,y) → ((Continuant(y) ∧ ∃p(isInputOf(y,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))) ∨ (SpecificallyDependentContinuant(y) ∧ ∃z(specificallyDependsOn(y,z) ∧ Continuant(z) ∧∃p (isInputOf(z,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that prescribes the entities to be used as inputs to a planned process or the attributes they must posses to serve as valid inputs
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'input specification' then x is an 'information content entity' and whenever x 'prescribes' some y that y mustbe either a 'continuant' that 'is input of' some 'planned process' or a 'specifically dependent continuant' that 'specifically depends on' some 'continuant' that 'is input of' some 'planned process'

Axiom
annotated source: input specification
annotated property: was defined by
was moved from: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/biopharma/ReferenceOntologyCandidates/
was moved on: 2026-03-13T12:41:00

loss of role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: occupies temporal region
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: temporal interval
        intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has input
      some values from: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000167
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: independent continuant
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: spatial region
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000167
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies temporal region
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: temporal interval
    intersection of: Class
      union of: Restriction
        on property: is temporally overlapped by
        some values from: Class
      union of: Restriction
        on property: met by
        some values from: Class
      union of: Restriction
        on property: temporally finishes
        some values from: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: role
example: the process of losing a student role when a student graduates
adapted from: CCO
explanatory note: 1. If only one date-time is available for some loss of role processes due to lack of data or an interval being smaller than the tick time (the smallest duration by which the time progresses) then the date-time should be asserted either only for first instant or only for last instant of every interval, for which a loss of role process occurs, uniformly for the entire knowledge base. For example, Bill Clinton lost the role of presidency on 19 December 1998 should be modeled as the process p of type ‘loss of role’ ‘occupies temporal region’ r (a ‘temporal interval’) which ‘has first instant’ i (a ‘temporal instant’) which ‘has value expression at all times’ v (a ‘temporal instant value expression’) which ‘has data-time value’ 1998-12-19T00:00:00Z.
first order logic definition: LossOfRole(p) ↔ Process(p) ∧ ∃t∃t1∃r∃y(TemporalInterval(t) ∧ TemporalInterval(t1) ∧ Role(r) ∧ (IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(p,t) ∧ (isTemporallyOverlappedBy(t,t1) ∨ temporallyFinishes(t,t1) ∨ metBy(t,t1)) ∧ hasInput(p,r) ∧ existsAt(r,t1) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ hasParticipantAtAllTimes(p,y) ∧ ∀t2(TemporalRegion(t2) ∧ existsAt(r,t2) → (occurrentPartOf(t2,t1) ∨ t2 = t1)))
natural language definition: process in which someone or something (independent continuant that is not a spatial region) ceases to be the bearer of a role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of ‘loss of role’ is defined exactly as an instance of a ‘process’ p that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal interval' t that ‘temporally finishes’ or 'is temporally overlapped by’ or is 'met by' some 'temporal interval' t1 and p ‘has participant at all times’ some 'independent continuant' that is not a 'spatial region' y, and p ‘has input’ some ‘role’ r that only ‘exists at’ t1 and y 'has role' r

maintainable material item
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: engineered system
    union of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: maintainable material item role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: maintainable material item role
example: CNC machine on which routine maintenance is performed
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: MaintainableMaterialItem(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∨ EngineeredSystem(x)) ∧ ∃r (MaintainableMaterialItemRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: material artifact or engineered system which has the maintainable material item role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'maintainable material item' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material artifact' or an 'engineered system' which 'has role' some 'maintainable material item role'

maintainable material item role
type: Class
subclass of: role
example: a CNC machine has the maintainable material item role when it is undergoing repair after a failure
adapted from: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2900/WS5Paper2.pdf
first-order logic axiom: MaintainableMaterialItemRole(x) → Role(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role played by an asset (engineered system or material artifact) when there is a maintenance strategy prescribing its maintenance process
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'maintenance strategy' and 'maintenance process' need to be formalized.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'maintainable material item' then x is a 'role'

manufacturer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: manufacturer role
subclass of: agent
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: manufacturer role
example: MiliporeSigma is a manufacturer of single-use bioreactors; Boeing is a manufacturer of airplanes; dell is a manufacturer of lap-tops
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: Manufacturer(x) ↔ Organization(x) ∧ ∃r(ManufacturerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: organization which has a manufacturer role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'manufacturer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'organization' that 'has role' some 'manufacturer role'

manufacturer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: product production process
example: MiliporeSigma has a manufacturer role when it produces single-use bioreactors; Boeing has a manufacturer role when it produces airplanes; Dell has a manufacturer role when it produces lap-tops
adapted from: bizfluent.com
first-order logic axiom: ManufacturerRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p(Organization(y) ∧ ProductProductionProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: agent role held by an organization when it produces material products
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for linking the manufacturer to a product it produces are still lacking.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'manufacturer role' x then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'organization' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'product production process'

manufacturing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: agent
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is carrier of
      some values from: plan specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: material artifact
    union of: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: prescribed by
        some values from: design specification
example: Drilling a hole on an engine block; manufacturing operation for making a shaft consisting of milling, turning, and drilling manufacturing processes; assembly process, and quality control process; a manufacturing process that uses 3D printing to create the output material entity.
adapted from: ISO 15531-1 and ISO 15531-43:2006(en)
counter example: statistical process control and preventative maintenance management processes that maximize machine availability and the product quality of manufactured products.
explanatory note: 1. This definition presupposes that the outputs of a manufacturing process are in every case material artifacts or man-made substances. 2. Processes that have as their primary output, something immaterial or informational in nature (digital outputs), such as found in the production of software, will be considered speparately at a later stage. 3.. There are other processes that while they may come into direct contact with a manufactured component or substance and are often considered part of the overall set of activities planned and executed to manufacture something, they are not "transformative" in nature relative to that which is manufactured, and are specifically excluded the definition. Examples include setup, tear down, transporting components or materials between locations, inspection, and so forth. This is addressed by output in the axiom. Setup => does not have output. Tear down like disassembly should still be considered transformative. 4. This definition places no additional restrictions on the output of a manufacturing process in terms of being in a state of completion (completed component or finished good).
first-order logic axiom: ManufacturingProcess(x) → PlannedProcess(x) ∧ ∃m∃y∃p∃z(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ (MaterialArtifact(y) ∨ ∃d(MaterialEntity(y) ∧ DesignSpecification(d) ∧ prescribes(d,y))) ∧ PlanSpecification(p) ∧ prescribes(p,x) ∧ Agent(z) ∧ isCarrierOfAtSomeTime(z,p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(z,x) ∧ isInputOf(m,x) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: planned process that consists of a structured set of operations through which input material is transformed or modified
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'being transformed or modified' need to be formalized
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'manufacturing process' x then x is a 'planned process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has specified output' some 'material artifact' or a 'material entity' that is 'prescribes by' some 'design specification' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'agent' that is the 'carrier of at some time' a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' x

material artifact
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: object
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: designed function
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: designed function
example: a machine, a screwdriver, a screw, a sheet of paper
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/ArtifactOntology
first order logic definition: MaterialArtifact(x) ↔ Object(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))
natural language definition: object that is deliberately created to have a certain function
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'material artifact' is defined as exactly an instance of 'object' that is the 'bearer of' some 'designed function'

material component
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: material component role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: material component role
example: portion of water; portion of crude oil; sea shells; bolt; transmission assembly;engine in an airplane
counter example: Braking subsystem -- systems and subsystems are object aggregates and often have fiat boundaries, in which case they may be incorrectly inferred as product components. Othertimes, they are systems with bonafide boundaries and should be inferred as a product component.
explanatory note: 1. Assemblies that are components for one manufacturer may be final products for another (e.g., the selling of diesel engines is a primary product line of Cummins diesel engine yet a component assembly for its customers, Freightliner Trucks). In other words, the context in which a material entity is used must be considered to determine whether it bears the component role. 2. In most manufacturing use cases, material components will be a subclass of 'material artifact'. 3. See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: MaterialComponent(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(MaterialComponentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: material entity which has the material component role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'material component' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'material component role'
synonym: part

material component role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: material entity
example: an engine has the component role when it is a part of a car; a tool when it is planned to be mounted on a CNC machine
adapted from: APICS
first-order logic axiom: MaterialComponentRole(x) → Role(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role held by a material entity when it is a proper part of another material entity or is planned to be a proper part of another material entity
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'planned to be a part' need to be formalized. Also, the realization of the material component role needs to be analyzed further.
semi-formal natural language axiom: If x is a 'material component role' then x is a 'role'

material location change process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property:
        inverse of: BFO_0000170
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: independent continuant
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property:
        inverse of: BFO_0000170
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: independent continuant
        intersection of: Restriction
example: Shipping goods from a warehouse to a customer; moving a tool from one location (work center) to another within the factory; transporting finished goods from one warehouse to another; pumping portions of crude oil through a pipeline; transferring a load of apples from a bin to a container; picking an apple; transporting passengers on a bus;
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/EventOntology and https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/motion
counter example: A specific type of material handling: E.g., changing only the orientation of the object within the same site (this does not change the site from t to t'); throwing waste into a garbage bin; removing a wing nut from a fixture in preparation for inserting a workpiece into the fixture.
explanatory note: 1. Material transfer process includes both the internal (e.g., inside a factory) and external (e.g., between factories) movement of an object 2. BFO:Site is the synonym for physical location which is why Site is used in the axioms
first-order logic axiom: MaterialLocationChangeProcess(​x​) → PlannedProcess(​x)​ ∧ ​∃​y∃​​t∃​​t​1∃​​t2∃​s∃​s1∃​z∃​z1(MaterialEntity(​y​) ∧ TemporalInstant(t) ∧ TemporalInstant(t1) ∧ TemporalRegion(t2) ∧ IndependentContinuant(s) ∧ IndependentContinuant(s1) ∧ Site(z) ∧ Site(z1) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y) ∧ firstInstantOf(​t​, ​t2) ∧ lastInstantOf(​t1​, ​t2​) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​x,​t2)​ ∧ existsAt(s,t) ∧ existsAt(s1,t1) ∧ locatedInAtalltimes(s,z) ∧ locatedInAtAlltimes(s1,z1) ∧ locationOfAtAlltimes(s,y) ∧ locationOfAtAllTimes(s1,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: planned process that results in a material entity moving from one physical location to another
primitive rationale: Patterns for adequate reification of the n-ary pattern that is change of location need further refinement and testing.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'material location change process' then x is a 'planned process' in which a 'material entity' is moved from one 'site' to another

material product
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: material product role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: material product role
example: 1. Natural resources: the seashells lying on the beach that some person collects, packages and sells; the iron ore in a mountain the rights to which some mining company has just purchased which they intend to mine and sell to iron-making processors; 2. Any manufactured good when it is offered for sale, supplied or being bought
counter example: certified pre-owned warranty plan; software as a service (SaaS); training course; consultancy services; Office 365
explanatory note: 1. The definition does exclude services sold as product which deviates from some standard definitions and economic theory. Services as products as well as software products will be considered in the next version of the IOF Core 2. See expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: MaterialProduct(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: material entity which has the material product role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'material product' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that is the 'has role' some 'material product role'

material product role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        union of: buying business process
        union of: offering for sale business process
        union of: supplying business process
example: a manufactured good has a material product role when a manufacturer offers it for sale; a drug product has a material product role when it is bought by a customer in a pharmacy; sea shells have a material product role when they are collected, packaged and offered for sale;
adapted from: Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘product’; also Wikipedia, term by the name ‘goods’ (as used in economics) and in particular, tangible goods
first-order logic axiom: MaterialProductRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃z((BuyingBusinessProcess(y) ∨ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(y) ∨ SupplyingBusinessProcess(y)) ∧ MaterialEntity(z) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(z,y) ∧ roleOf(x,z))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role held by a material entity that is intended to be sold, or has been bought, or has been supplied
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for economic transactions and ownership are lacking
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'material product role' x then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'buying business process' or 'offering for sale business process' or 'supplying business process'

material resource
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: material resource role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: material resource role
example: factory available to be used for producing a product; a body of water available to cool a reactor; money available to a person to buy an item; a portion of raw material available to produce a good or service
counter example: (ambiguous/undesirable): a portion of water on my factory floor that formed after a recent rainshower.
explanatory note: 1. This defined class is designed to group material entities according to a very broad criterion and is not intended to be used as a parent class for resource types that can be more specifically asserted under another class. 2. Skills and capabilities or other entities in the SDC branch are not resources but they can be considered resources indirectly through their bearer 3. See expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: MaterialResource(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(MaterialResourceRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: material entity which has the material resource role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'material resource' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'material resource role'

material resource role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is available to at some time
      some values from: Class
        union of: engineered system
        union of: group of agents
        union of: person
example: factory has a material resource role when it is available to be used for producing a product; a body of water has a material resource role when it is available to cool a reactor; money has a material resource role when it is available to a person to buy an item; a portion of raw material has a material resource role when it is available to produce a good or service
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/ArtifactOntology
first-order logic axiom: MaterialResourceRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃a∃y((Person(a) ∨ GroupOfAgents(a) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y)) ∧ MaterialEntity(y) ∧ isAvailableToAtSomeTime(y,a) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role played by a material entity that consists in it being available to a person or group of agents or engineered system
primitive rationale: This term is expected to remain primitive. While 'is available to at some time' captures the essence of being a material resource, the realization of the material resource role is expected to have too generic of a scope to define a sufficient condition that would not cause conflict (overlap) with the realization of other roles.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'material resource role' x then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' when it 'is available to at some time' some 'person' or 'group of agents' or 'engineered system'

material state
type: Class
subclass of: process
example: the lightswitch in the off state from 9 PM to 8 AM; the machine in fail state from 4 PM to 5 PM; perfusion bioreactor was run in steady state for two days, a truck is in a stop state because its position has been unchanged
adapted from: Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘state’
explanatory note: 1. Although the notion of "particular condition"; has not been introduced in this release, the IOF's approach will be to model this as a dependent entity such that at any timeframe during which it exists, it depends on some material entity -- meaning a material state will necessarily "be focused on" a particular condition of some material entity for which the state is ascribed. Condition here would encompass BFO: specifically-dependent continuants (qualities, dispositions and other realizable entities types) as well as site (the absolute or relative location of a material entity). In the future, the coverage will be expanded to include some currently "missing dependent entity types"; including orientation, and cases wherein a material entity is in a particular condition because it has or is in particular composition or configuration (e.g. the setup action of a machine and jig is complete and it is not in a setup/ready-for-run state). 2. Unchanging, is intended to encompass not just having a particular condition for the duration of the state, but potentially being value-bound to some constant or even within a given range as prescribed by some design or requirement specification. Specialized sub-types may be introduced to handle such value-based constant and range-bound states and conditions. 3. The term as introduced here is not intended to be used for modeling what we might call the "state of a process" (e.g., equilibrium state for chemical, physical and biological processes or steady-state or discrete or continuous production processes), nor for modeling the states of non-real entities (e.g., virtual entities participating in virtual simulation program and any other informational or abstract entities, when they are considered to be in a particular condition). Extensions to the BFO framework as well as further work on 'process characteristic' may be first needed to handle these use cases and such specialized state classes will be introduced in a future release.
first-order logic axiom: MaterialState(x) → Process(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: process in which a material entity that participates in the process has a condition that remains unchanged
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs to formalize range,limits and constant values over a period of time are still lacking.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'material state' then x is a 'process'
synonym: stasis

maturity level
type: Class
definition: classifier used to specify the state of a resource in its development process

measured value expression
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: value expression
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is measured value of at some time
    some values from: Class
      union of: temporal region
      union of: specifically dependent continuant
      union of: process profile
      union of: process characteristic
subclass of: value expression
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is measured value of at some time
  some values from: Class
    union of: temporal region
    union of: specifically dependent continuant
    union of: process profile
    union of: process characteristic
example: the value of '20g' that represents the measured weight of a mouse and that is determined on the quantitative scale of mass
adapted from: International Vocabulary of Metrology Fourth edition,2.11
explanatory note: 1. The values of the measured value expression are generated during the measurement process that produces the measurement information content entity the measured value expression is a part of. The corresponding parthood axiom is captured in the measurement information content entity class and is not reintroduced in the formal definition here to avoid redundancy. 2. Since this class is a subclassOf: value expression, the values contained in the measured value expression are always according to a classification scheme or a quantitative scale.
first order logic definition: MeasuredValueSpecification(x) ↔ ValueExpression(x) ∧ ∃e((TemporalRegion(e) ∨ ProcessCharacteristic(e) ∨ ProcessProfile(e) ∨ SpecificallyDependentContinuant(e)) ∧ isMeasuredValueOfAtSomeTime(x,e))
natural language definition: value expression that contains the measured value of an attribute (specifically dependent continuant or process characteristic or process profile or temporal region)
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'measured value expression' is defined exactly as an instance of 'information content entity' that 'is measured value of at some time' some 'process characteristic' or 'process profile' or 'temporal region' or 'specifically dependent continuant'

measurement capability
type: Class
subclass of: capability
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: capability of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: measurement process
example: the capability of a pH sensor to measure the pH; capability of a scale to measure the weight of an object
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000453
explanatory note: To measure the value means to determine the entities value relative to some classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
first-order logic axiom: MeasurementCapability(x) → Capability(x) ∧ ∃z(MaterialEntity(z) ∧ capabilityOf(x,z)) ∧ ∀y(hasRealization(x,y) → MeasurementProcess(y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: capability of a material entity to measure the value of some entity
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs in the ontology to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, 'to measure the value' needs a better formalization in its connection to the capability
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'measurement capability' then x is a 'capability' that is the 'capability of' some 'material entity' and whenever some y 'realizes' x that y must be a 'measurement process'

measurement information content entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000110
    some values from: measured value expression
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: describes
    some values from: Class
      union of: temporal region
      union of: specifically dependent continuant
      union of: process profile
      union of: process characteristic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: Class
      union of: process
      union of: process boundary
      union of: Class
        intersection of: independent continuant
        intersection of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is output of
    some values from: measurement process
subclass of: descriptive information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000110
  some values from: measured value expression
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: Class
    union of: temporal region
    union of: specifically dependent continuant
    union of: process profile
    union of: process characteristic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
    union of: Class
      intersection of: independent continuant
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is output of
  some values from: measurement process
example: a two fold increase in expression of a gene in a cancer patient and the associated metadata; results of measuring the thickness of a piece of steel; results of measuring the change in pH in a bioreactor over the interval of two days
abbreviation: measurement ICE
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology and the International Vocabulary of Metrology
counter example: similarity measurement of information
explanatory note: 1. Attribute here comprehends qualities in case the entity the measurement content entity 'is about' is an independent continuant and process characteristics if the entity is a process or temporal region if the entity is a process or process boundary. 2. Measurement ICE describes attributes of physical entities. As such, it is not intended to be used for capturing metrics related to strictly digital objects (information content entities in the IOF framework). 3. Measurement ICE can contain qualitative, semi-quantitative, or quantitative measurements of the attribute. These values are stored within the measured value expression that is a part of the measurement ICE. 4. Measurement ICE can be utilized for both raw and processed measurement data. 5. The International Vocabulary of Metrology defines measurement ICE as a "set of values being attributed to a measurand together with any other available relevant information." This implies that, in addition to the actual measurement value, the measurement ICE contains other information(e.g., the entity of interest of which the measurand is the 'attribute of').
first order logic definition: LA1: MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y∃z∃m∃p(((IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y) ∧ SpecificallyDependentContinuant(z) ∧ bearerOf(y,z)) ∨ ((Process(y) ∨ ProcessBoundary(y)) ∧ TemporalRegion(z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,z)) ∨ (Process(y) ∧ ProcessCharacteristic(z) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(z,y)) ∨ (ProcessProfile(z) ∧ processProfileOf(z,y))) ∧ MeasuredValueExpression(m) ∧ MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ isAbout(x,y) ∧ describes(x,z) ∧ hasContinuantPartAtAllTimes(x,m) ∧ isMeasuredValueOf(m,y) ∧ isOutputOf(x,p))
natural language definition: informational content that is the result of measuring a set of attributes (specifically dependent continuant or process characteristic or temporal region) belonging to the entity (independent continuant or process or process boundary) the informational content is about
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'measurement information content entity' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'is about' some 'independent continuant' or 'process' or 'process boundary', and 'describes' some 'specifically dependent continuant', 'temporal region', 'process characteristic', or 'process profile', and 'has continuant part at all times' some 'measured value expression', and 'is measured value of' that entity, and 'is output of' some 'measurement process'

measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has capability
        some values from: measurement capability
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: measures at some time
      some values from: Class
        union of: temporal region
        union of: specifically dependent continuant
        union of: process profile
        union of: process characteristic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  all values from: measurement information content entity
example: measuring the pH of a buffer by a pH probe; measuring of a weight of a bulk of a substance by an industrial scale; measuring the rate of an enzymatic reaction by a spectrophotometer; measuring the time it takes to produce a unit of a product
adapted from: ISO 9000:2015(en), 3.11.5
explanatory note: 1. Determining the value here is to be interpreted in the context of qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative measurements. As such, it comprehends both categorical and numerical measurements. 2. Typically, the results of measurements are recorded and stored as a measurement information content entity. 3. Measurement processes can have as temporal or occurrent parts other measurement processes as well data transformation processes which transform the raw measurement data. 4. The entity whose attribute is measured might either participate in the process if it is a continuant or occupy a temporal interval that precedes or partially coincides with the measurement process if it is an occurrent. 5. The material entity measuring the attribute must be capable of measuring that attribute. This is axiomatically captured by mandating that the material entity that is measuring the attribute must have a measurement capability.
first-order logic axiom: LA1: MeasurementProcess(x) ↔ PlannedProcess(x) ∧ ∃m∃y∃z∃c(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MeasurementCapability(c) ∧ hasCapability(m,c) ∧ (((IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y)) ∧ SpecificallyDependentContinuant(z) ∧ bearerOf(y,z) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,x)) ∨ ((Process(y) ∨ ProcessBoundary(y)) ∧ TemporalRegion(z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,z) ∧ ∃t(temporalRegion(t) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,t) ∧ (occurrentPartOf(t,z) ∨ hasOccurrentPart(t,z))) ∨ (ProcessCharacteristic(z) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(z,y)) ∨ (ProcessProfile(z) ∧ processProfileOf(z,y) ∧ (preceedes(y,x) ∨ ∃t1∃t2(temporalRegion(t1) ∧ temporalRegion(t2) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,t1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,t2) ∧ (occurrentPartOf(t1,t2) ∨ hasOccurrentPart(t1,t2))))))) ∧ measuresAtSomeTime(m,z)) ∧ ∀b(hasSpecifiedOutput(x,b) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(b))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: planned process to determine the value of an attribute (specifically dependent continuant or temporal region or process characteristic) of an entity of interest
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, n-ary constructs that are able to adequately capture the relation between the process, attribute and the entity of interest are still lacking. Also formalization of being an entity of interest is lacking.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'measurement process' then x is a 'planned process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'material entity' y that 'has capability' some 'measurement capability' and y 'measures at some time' either (1) a 'process characteristic' that is 'process characteristic of' a 'process' that 'precedes' or temporally overlaps with x, or (2) a 'specifically dependent continuant' that 'inheres in' an 'independent continuant' (not a 'spatial region') which 'participates in at some time' x, or (3) a 'temporal region' that is 'occupied by' some 'process' or 'process boundary' and that 'has occurrent part' or is 'occurrent part of' a 'temporal region' that is 'occupied by' x, or (4) a 'process profile' that is 'process profile of' a 'process' that 'precedes' or temporally overlaps with x, and whenever x 'has specified output' b, b must be a 'measurement information content entity'.

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example: The objective specification in a manufacturer's six-sigma process improvement program will describe in some detail, the quality improvements to be achieved (as in e.g. the level of reduction in causes of defects, or in the level variability in either or both manufacturing and business processes).
adapted from: http://www.obofoundry.org/ontology/iao.html
explanatory note: 1.Typically is part of a plan specification. 2.The NL definition states that the objective specification 'prescribes' the outcome of a 'process'. This does not necessarily imply that a given process exists as an instance during the entire 'objective specification' lifecycle. Instead, it should be interpreted as "if an instance of the Process X (X here is intended to represent an OWL:Class that is SubClassOf: Process) exists, then its outcome should be as 'prescribed by' the 'objective specification'.
first-order logic axiom: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y∃p(Process(p) ∧ isAchievedByAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧ ((ProcessCharacteristic(y) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(y,p)) ∨ (ProcessProfile(y) ∧ processProfileOf(y,p)) ∨ (Capability(y) ∧ hasRealization(x,y)) ∨ (Continuant(y) ∧ isOutputOf(y,p))) ∧ prescribes(x,y)) → ObjectiveSpecification(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that prescribes what the outcome of some process should be
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'information content entity' and x 'is achieved by at some time' some 'process' p, and x 'prescribes' some y that is either a 'process characteristic' that is 'process characteristic of' p, or a 'process profile' that is 'process profile of' p, or a 'capability' that x 'has realization' of, or a 'continuant' that 'is output of' p, then x is an 'objective specification'.

organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organized group of agents
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000172
    some values from: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: designated by
    some values from: organization identifier
subclass of: organized group of agents
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000172
  some values from: person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designated by
  some values from: organization identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member part
  all values from: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000174
  all values from: organization
example: goverment, a company, a political party, a city goverment, yakuza, department, division
adapted from: https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FND/Organizations/Organizations/Organization
explanatory note: 1. An organization may have a set of organizational rules that, among other things, prescribe a set of roles and responsibilities its members bear, how important decisions are made, and how members should behave when acting on behalf of the organization. 2. As introduced here, the mere gathering of a group of persons does not imply the existence of an organization, unless and until such members agree to form an organization and have agreed to a common set of objectives as mentioned in point 1.
first-order logic axiom: Organization(x) → ∀y(hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x,y) → (Person(y) ∨ Organization(y))) ∧ ∀z(hasProperContinuantPartAtSomeTime(x,z) → Organization(z))
first order logic definition: Organization(x) ↔ OrganizedGroupOfAgents(x) ∧ ∃p∃i(Person(p) ∧OrganizationIdentifier(i) ∧ designatedBy(x,i) ∧ hasMemberPartAtAllTimes(x,p))
natural language definition: group of persons that identifies itself by some name and pursues a common set of plans and objectives
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'organization' then whenever x 'has member part at some time' y that y must be a 'peson' or 'organization' and whenever x 'has proper continuant part at some time' z that z must be a 'organization'
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'organization' is defined exactly as an instance of 'organized group of agents' that is 'designated by' some 'organization identifier' and that 'has member part at all times' one or more 'person'
usage note: Members of organizations are people or other organizations. However, an organization may be composed of several sub-organizations (e.g., departments). This composition should be modeled through 'proper continuant part' relations.

organization identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: designates
    some values from: organization
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designates
  some values from: organization
example: DUNS Number, CAGE Code, EIN, FIIN, BICID, DODAACID, SCACID
explanatory note: 1. Organization identifier used here is intended to uniquely identify a particular organization within a region, country, or globally. A government body usually issues one such identifier in the region or country where the business operates (a.k.a. legal entity identifier). Other such identifiers may be assigned by well-known business organizations operating in a locale, a region, or a country -- an example being Dun and Bradstreet for businesses operating in the United States. Moreover, others may still be assigned by international trade organizations for multi-national organizations. In all cases, these unique identifiers facilitate regional or international trade and commerce between such "legal entities." 2. As introduced here, the term serves to identify other organizational types, including government entities, who are often parties in trade or commerce or have a vested interest in controlling it. In the future, the IOF will introduce and adopt a mid-level ontology for legal entities and relations. 3. The identifier of an organization may be the name of an organization or an alias and may only be unique in a particular jurisdiction (locale, region) and may not be unique on a wider scale - namely at the country level or globally.
first order logic definition: OrganizationIdentifier(x) ↔ Identifier(x) ∧ ∃b(Organization(b) ∧ designates(x,b))
natural language definition: identifier that identifies an organization
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of ‘organization identifier’ is defined as exactly an instance of ‘identifier' that 'designates' an 'organization'

organized group of agents
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: group of agents
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: prescribed by
        some values from: directive information content entity
subclass of: group of agents
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: prescribed by
      some values from: directive information content entity
example: goverment, division, an automated manufacturing cell
adapted from: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/AgentOntology
first order logic definition: OrganizedGroupOfAgents(x) ↔ ObjectAggregate(x) ∧ ∃i∃f(DirectiveInformationContentEntity(i) ∧ Function(f) ∧ bearerOf(x, f) ∧ prescribes(i, f))
natural language definition: group of agents that is pursuing a common set of plans and objectives
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'organized group of agents' is defined as exactly an instance of 'group of agents' that is the 'bearer of' some 'function' which is 'prescribed by' some 'directive information content entity'

output objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribes
  all values from: Class
    union of: Class
      intersection of: continuant
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is specified output of
        some values from: planned process
    union of: Class
      intersection of: specifically dependent continuant
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: specifically depends on
        some values from: Class
example: A specification stating that the chromatography step must yield purified monoclonal antibody at a purity > 98% and recovery > 85%; An analytical procedure specification requiring a quantified measurement of total protein concentration with CV < 5% across replicates; A fill-finish procedure output specification requiring that each vial is filled with 1.0 mL ± 0.05 mL of formulated drug product and passes visual inspection; A machining operation output objective specification stating that the finished shaft must have diameter 25.00 mm ± 0.01 mm and surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.8 µm; A parcel fulfillment output objective specification requiring that each sealed carton has total mass 10.0 kg ± 0.1 kg and contains the correct item count per packing list; A data processing step output objective specification requiring that the generated report contains the specified summary fields and that all numeric values are rounded to the required precision.
counter example: A specification about waste collected after cleaning, e.g., “The waste stream from CIP must be neutralized before disposal.”; A specification limiting the number of rejected vials during inspection (this constrains process acceptability, not what is intended to be produced); A specification stating that the equipment must be cleaned and verified as clean before the procedure is considered complete (a completion criterion/post-condition, not an output objective for a product); A specification requiring that the process log and electronic batch record are reviewed and approved after execution (a documentation/release post-condition, not an output objective for the produced entity).
explanatory note: As a subclass of objective specification, the output specification defines the intended results of a planned process. As such it should exclude waste and unintended products (e.g., byproducts or impurities generated during synthesis) that are not part of the process objective.
first-order logic axiom: OutputObjectiveSpecification(x) → ObjectiveSpecification(x) ∧ ∀y(prescribes(x,y) → ((Continuant(y) ∧ ∃p(isSpecifiedOutputOf(y,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))) ∨ (SpecificallyDependentContinuant(y) ∧ ∃z(specificallyDependsOn(y,z) ∧ Continuant(z) ∧∃p (isSpecifiedOutputOf(z,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: objective specification that prescribes the entities to be produced or modified in a planned process or the attributes they must posses to serve as valid outputs
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'output objective specification' then x is an 'objective specification' and whenever x 'prescribes' some y that y mustbe either a 'continuant' that 'is specified output of' some 'planned process' or a 'specifically dependent continuant' that 'specifically depends on' some 'continuant' that 'is specified output of' some 'planned process'

Axiom
annotated source: output objective specification
annotated property: was defined by
was moved from: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/biopharma/ReferenceOntologyCandidates/
was moved on: 2026-03-13T12:41:00

person
type: Class
subclass of: object
example: any individual human being
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000016
first-order logic axiom: Person(x) → Object(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: organism that is the member of the species of homo sapiens
primitive rationale: This term is expected to remain primitive. While the IOF might introduce a term for 'organism' in the future, speciation is out of the scope of IOF and should be utilized if needed from a biological ontology
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'person' then x is an 'object'
synonym: human being

physical location identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: designates
    some values from: site
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designates
  some values from: site
example: postal address, GPS coordinate, GS1 global location number (GLN) for physical and digital location, 42.8864° N, 78.8784° W, London, the factory floor
explanatory note: 1. Physical location is a synonym for BFO:Site and hence the usage of BFO:Site within the axioms should be interpreted as physical location 2. As introduced here, the IOF ontology is only dealing with physical locations. Identifiers for other kinds of location designators (e.g., virtual locations) will be considered in a future version. 3. More classes need to be introduced to represent coordinates in 3D space. For this, the OGC specification may be utilized: http://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/18-010r7/18-010r7.html#106
first order logic definition: PhysicalLocationIdentifier(x) ↔ Identifier(x) ∧ ∃l(Site(l) ∧ designates(x,l))
natural language definition: identifier that identifies a physical location (site)
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'physical location identifier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'identifier' that 'designates' a 'site'
synonym: site identifier, site designator

piece of equipment
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: engineered system
    union of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: equipment role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: equipment role
example: wrench when it is used in the maintenance process of a car; chromatography column that is planned to be used in a protein purification process; r truck that is used to transport goods to the buyer; single-use bioreactor when it is planned to be used in the upstream phase of a biomanufacturing process
counter example: buffer designed to keep pH in a bioreactor constant
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience. Therefore, specific kinds of equipment such as machines, devices, and tools should be asserted under 'material artifact' or 'engineered system' as appropriate and not directly under 'piece of equipment'.
first order logic definition: PieceOfEquipment(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∨ EngineeredSystem(x)) ∧ ∃r(EquipmentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: material artifact or engineered system with an equipment role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'piece of equipment' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material artifact' or 'engineered system' that 'has role' some 'equipment role'

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000110
  some values from: action specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000110
  some values from: objective specification
example: a manufacturer's sales plan; process plan for producing a part; a schedule for routine maintenance and inspection of a machine; a work order to build 100 of a particular kind component for today.
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000104
explanatory note: When concretized, plan specification may be realized in a process where participants take the prescribed actions to achieve the prescribed process objectives. In other words, a plan specification is concretized in a 'planned process' that it 'prescribes'
first-order logic axiom: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃a∃o∃p(ActionSpecification(a) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ PlannedProcess(p) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(a,x) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(o,x) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → PlanSpecification(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that has action specifications and objective specifications as parts
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'planned process' and x 'has continuant part at all times' some 'action specification' and some 'objective specification' then x is a 'plan specification'
synonym: process design
synonym: process specification
synonym: work instruction

planned process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: prescribed by
    some values from: plan specification
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: prescribed by
  some values from: plan specification
example: A tire manufacturing process occurs as prescribed by a manufacturing plan specification.
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011
counter example: unexpected failure events; unexpected malfunctioning of a machine; safety occurrence (that lacks explicit plan specifications);
explanatory note: 1. 'Planned' is here functioning as a specifier, rather than as a modifier analogous to 'cancelled' or 'averted'. Therefore, to say that a process is planned is not to say that it has not yet taken place. Rather, it is to say that it is (was or will have been) protocol-driven, instruction-driven, command-driven, or software-driven, or in some combination thereof. 2. 'Planned' means 'protocol driven'. Protocols may be written, spoken, or simply thought – as when upon waking up, we plan, for instance, what to eat for breakfast.
first order logic definition: PlannedProcess(x) ↔ Process(x) ∧ ∃s(PlanSpecification(s) ∧ prescribes(s,x))
natural language definition: process that is prescribed by a plan specification
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'planned process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'process' that is 'prescribed by' some 'plan specification'

process characteristic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: continuant
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: process characteristic of
    some values from: process
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: process characteristic of
  some values from: process
example: The maximum temperature of a heating process, the average wind speed of a turbine operation process, total fuel consumed in a boiling process, the peak RPM of a engine running process, overall noise level (good, fair, or poor) of a transmission process, average throughput of a production process
counter example: temperature curve during heating, heart rate over time during exercise, RPM vs time for an engine, count-per-minute variation during production, daily average temprature over last month
explanatory note: 1) A process characteristic is a continuant rather than an occurrent because it characterizes a process as a single whole rather than as something that unfolds in time. Unlike a process or a process profile, which has different temporal parts occupying different temporal regions, a process characteristic has no part tied to time. The summarization of the target attribute considers all of its temporal parts—for example, the maximum temperature can only be known by considering the entire temperature profile of a heating process. 2) The "attribute" mentioned in the definition is the specific feature of a process whose time-dependent behavior are captured by a 'process profile', but which may be summarized by a 'process characteristic' over the whole duration of the process. 3) Summarization means describing an attribute of a process with a single overall characterization instead of representing how it varies over time. For example, the speed profile of a car's movement can be summarized by taking average of all instantaneous speeds over the entire duration the movement occurred, e.g., 45kmph average speed. However, the summarization may also be qualitative for some type process characteristics, e.g., the heartbeat was steady or stuttering.
first-order logic axiom: ∀c, c', x, x′(processCharacteristicOf(c, x) ∧ continuantPartOf(c'​, c) ∧ temporalPartOf(x′,x) → ¬ processCharacteristicOf(c',x′))
first order logic definition: ProcessCharacteristic(x) ↔ Continuant(x) ∧ ∃p(Process(p) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(x, p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: continuant that summarizes an attribute of a process over its entire duration, providing a time-independent characterization of the process as a whole
primitive rationale: The construct is primitive because of the following two ideosyncratic design decisions which may require re-evaluation in the future. 1) The construct is defined using a trans-ontological relation 'process characteristics of', which relates a 'continuant' to a 'process', an 'occurrent'. 2) The consruct is broadly classified as 'continuant', without further specialization.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if c is 'process characteristic of' x and c′ is a 'continuant part of' c and x′ is a 'temporal part of' x, then c′ is not 'process characteristic of' x′
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'process characteristic' is defined as exactly an instance of 'continuant' that is 'process characteristic of' some 'process'

procuring business process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has occurrent part
    some values from: buying business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has occurrent part
    some values from: Class
      union of: offering for sale business process
      union of: supplying business process
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: buying business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: Class
    union of: offering for sale business process
    union of: supplying business process
example: AstraZeneca buying and being supplied with a bulk of raw materials from MiliPoreSigma; buying and being supplied with a shipment of office supplies
adapted from: ISO 6707-2:2017, 3.5.18
explanatory note: 1. The procurement process considers the whole cycle from identification of needs through to the end of a services contract or the end of the life of goods, including disposal. 2. Sourcing is a part of the procurement process that includes planning, defining specifications (3.26) and selecting suppliers. [Source: ISO 20400:2017] 3. It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
first order logic definition: ProcuringBusinessProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃b∃s(BuyingBusinessProcess(b) ∧ SupplyingBusinessProcess(s) ∧ hasOccurrentPart(x,b) ∧ hasOccurrentPart(x,s))
natural language definition: business process that consists of buying and ensuring the supply of products or services
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'procuring business process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that has some 'buying business process' and 'supplying business process' as 'occurent parts'

product production process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has occurrent part
    some values from: manufacturing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: occupies temporal region
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: temporal region
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: temporally overlaps
        some values from: Restriction
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: material product
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies temporal region
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: temporal region
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: temporally overlaps
      some values from: Restriction
        some values from: material product
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material product
example: Making of an engine block as a product that consists of many processes such as manufacturing process, assembly process, inspection process etc.
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing and ISO 23952:2020(en)
counter example: 1.Providing a service that does not deliver any tangible good 2.Acquiring unprocessed raw material (e.g., roll of aluminum) with intention to sell them or reselling. The Product existed before the initiation of the planned process.
explanatory note: 1. A product production process is distinct from a maintenance process in that, in the latter case, the product exists both before and after the process occurs. 2. A product production process has several planned processes as parts (sub-processes), including at least one manufacturing or assembly process, and optionally, may include other planned process types such as inspection, packaging, rework, and material handling. 3. Note that the various parts of a product production process, for example, inspection, and testing, cannot be a product production process alone. 4. Some manufacturing processes will also be product production processes.
first order logic definition: ProductProductionProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃m(ManufacturingProcess(m) ∧ occurentPartOf(m,x)) ∧ ∃y∃t∃t1(MaterialProduct(y) ∧ TemporalRegion(t) ∧ TemporalRegion(t1) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x, y) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x, t) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(t, t1) ∧ existsAt(y, t1))
natural language definition: business process that consists of at least one manufacturing process through which raw materials and components are transformed or modified to create a material product
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'product production process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that 'has occurrent part', some 'manufacturing process', and 'has specified output' some 'material product' which did not 'exist at' the beginning of the 'product production process'

raw material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: raw material role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: raw material role
example: rolls of aluminum a manufacturer purchases to be consumed on its bottling lines to produce aluminum cans to package its product, crude oil that is converted into gasoline in a refining process; wheels an automobile manufacturer purchases to assemble into a car
counter example: oil used to power the refining process
explanatory note: This class is very general and it is intended to be used for grouping inputs to the product production process external to the bussiness organization. But, things like material artifacts should not be asserted as subclasses of this class
first order logic definition: RawMaterial(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(RawMaterialRole(x) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: material entity which has the raw material role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'raw material' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'raw material role'

raw material role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: buying business process
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: Class
    union of: product production process
    union of: Class
      intersection of: manufacturing process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: occurrent part of
        some values from: product production process
example: rolls of aluminum a manufacturer purchases to be consumed to produce aluminum cans
adapted from: ISO 17889-1:2021(en) and https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/raw%20material
counter example: production intermediary going from one production cell to another; reagent that is used in a quality testing process of the product or any intermediary
explanatory note: 1. IOF considers raw materials only material entities that are acquired from a different organizational unit. However, that organizational unit can be within the same manufacturing enterprise (e.g., exchange of goods between divisions). 2. Raw materials are incorporated during the product production process into the final product. In other words, 'raw materials' exclude consumables from non-manufacturing processes that are a part of product production (e.g., maintenance or quality control) or consumables that are not incorporated into the product (e.g., single-use equipment).
first-order logic axiom: RawMaterialRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃m∃z∃b(BuyingBusinessProcess(y) ∧ Organization(m) ∧ MaterialEntity(z) ∧ BuyerRole(b) ∧ roleOf(b,m) ∧ roleOf(x,z) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(y,m) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(y,z)) ∧ ∀y1(hasRealization(x,y1) → (ProductProductionProcess(y1) ∨ ManufacturingProcess(y1)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: role held by a material entity when it is acquired by an organizational entity with some plan to transform or modify it into intermediate-level components or substances or into a product
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for transforming or modifying are lacking.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'raw material role' then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' when it 'participates in at some time' a 'buying business process' in which some 'organization' that 'has role' 'buyer role' participates in at some time' and whenever x 'has realization' y that y must be a 'product production process' or a 'manufacturing process'

requirement specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: objective specification
example: UML use case document, competency questions, high level activity diagram
adapted from: https://demo-irm-dnvgl.northeurope.cloudapp.azure.com/ontology/requirement-ontology/core/A01A
explanatory note: Being a requirement specification can be context specific. For example, a UML class diagram may be a requirement specification for a data exchange specification or a design specification for software code.
first-order logic axiom: LA1: RequirementSpecification(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y(ObjectiveSpecification(y) ∧ isAbout(x,y))
first-order logic axiom: LA2: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y(Entity(y) ∧ satisfiesRequirement(y,x)) → RequirementSpecification(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that prescribes a set of requirements
primitive rationale: See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA1: if x is a 'requirement specification' then x is an 'information content entity' that 'is about' some 'objective specification'
semi-formal natural language axiom: LA2: if x is an 'information content entity' and exists an entity that 'satisfies requirement' x then x is a 'requirement specification'

offering for sale business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: supplier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service agreement
    union of: material product
example: Good Year offers tires for sale, Boeing offers 737 planes for along with service agreements for the maintenance of the planes
adapted from: CCO:http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/ActOfBuying NL definition: OAGIS and CCO
explanatory note: It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
first-order logic axiom: OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃y∃z((MaterialProduct(y) ∨ CommercialServiceAgreement(y)) ∧ Supplier(z) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTIme(x,y) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,z))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: business process wherein a product or commercial service is offered by an agent (seller) for another agent (buyer) to acquire ownership via a financial instrument
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, ownership and economic transactions require formalization.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'offering for sale business process' then x is a 'business proces' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supplier' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' or 'commercial service agreement'

service provider
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: service provider role
subclass of: supplier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: service provider role
example: FedEx; Home-cleaning service; aircraft maintenance service; internet service provider
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: ServiceProvider(x) ↔ (Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r(ServiceProviderRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: person or organization which has a service provider role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'service provider' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'service provider role'

service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: supplier role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        union of: commercial service
        union of: Class
example: FedEx; Home-cleaning service; aircraft maintenance service; internet service provider
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_provider
first-order logic axiom: ServiceProviderRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((Organization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ (CommercialService(p) ∨ (OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ ∃c(CommercialServiceAgreement(c) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(p,c)))) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: supplier role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide a commercial service
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for economic transactions and ownership are lacking
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'service provider role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'person' or 'organization' that 'participates in at some time' some 'commercial service' or some 'offering for sale business process' which 'has participant at some time' some 'commercial service agreement'

supplier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: supplier role
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: supplier role
example: logistics service provider; vending machine; the material handling department (which manages the raw material and finished goods in company warehouses, and provides material handling services to manufacturing and other departments within its factories)
explanatory note: See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
first order logic definition: Supplier(x) ↔ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x) ∧ ∃r(SupplierRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
natural language definition: person or organization which has a supplier role
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'supplier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'supplier role'

supplier role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        union of: offering for sale business process
        union of: supplying business process
example: logistics service provider; vending machine; the material handling department (which manages the raw material and finished goods in company warehouses, and provides material handling services to manufacturing and other departments within its factories)
adapted from: APICS, term by the same name and Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘vendor’
first-order logic axiom: SupplierRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((Organization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ (SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∨ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p)) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide products or services
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for economic transactions and ownership are lacking.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'supplier role' x then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'person' or 'organization' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'supplying business process' or 'offering for sale business process'

supplying business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: material product
  union of: Restriction
    on property: occurrent part of
    some values from: commercial service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: supplier
example: BMW dealer supplies a car to the Customer; US importer of steel from China supplies the steel to a US manufacturer; company (supplier) supplied (ship directly) a product to a buyer who bought the product on Amazon (seller)
adapted from: https://www.oberlo.com/ecommerce-wiki/supply
counter example: A BMW dealer supplies a car to a Customer in the US, but the BMW Manufacturer in Germany does not supply the car to the Customer. The BMW Manufacturer supplies the car to the BMW dealer.
explanatory note: 1. To supply a product means to deliver the product to another agent. 2.To supply a service means to perform a process (e.g. commercial service) for another agent, typically involving a service agreement. 3.It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
first-order logic axiom: SupplyingBusinessProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃y(Supplier(y) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y)) ∧ (∃p(MaterialProduct(p) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,p)) ∨ ∃c(CommercialService(c) ∧ occurrentPartOf(x,c)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: business process wherein a product or service is supplied
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for economic transactions, service or product provision and ownership are lacking
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'supplying business process' then x is a 'business process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supplier' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' or is 'occurent part of' some 'commercial service'

system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
example: solar system, digestive system, forest ecosystem, hydraulic system, subway system, social system, technical system, natural system
adapted from: Merriam-Webster Dictionary for term under the same name.
explanatory note: 1. As introduced here, the term is limited to natural, social and technical systems that are tangible and whose "elements" are also tangible. 2. Frequently, the elements comprising a system are instances of BFO: object. However, the system elements may also include object aggregates (e.g., a system of systems; a system that includes a production line consisting of humans, machines, and other equipment) 3. Although the system is asserted under BFO: object aggregate, which is constrained to have only material entities (tangible things) as elements, the approach to modeling systems comprised of both software and hardware (also known as a cyber-physical system) can still be modeled indirectly: by introducing a 'generically depends on' relationship between the software or other intangible elements (information content entity types) and its physical bearer (hardware or hardware system), which are in turn members of the system.
first-order logic axiom: System(x) → ObjectAggregate(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: collection of elements (object aggregate) that form a unified whole and interact
primitive rationale: The term is introduced here as a general class to allow the introduction of specialized kinds of systems that appear in particular modalities. Furthermore, an effort remains to formalize what it means for two things to interact, or what it means to regularly interact.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'system' then x is an 'object aggregate'

temporal duration value expression
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: value expression
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is value expression of at all times
    some values from: temporal interval
disjoint with: temporal instant value expression
example: the expression of the duration of the temporal interval that corresponds to the time during which a worker sewed a particular garment.
explanatory note: 1. This class was introduced as a helper class to map OWL time to IOF Core. For detailed expression of a duration of a ‘temporal interval’, use a suitable subclass of TemporalDuration class from Time ontology (https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/) instead of ‘temporal duration value expression’ (see mapping file https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/commonstocoremapping/MappingOWLTimeToIOF/)
first-order logic axiom: TemporalDurationValueExpression(x) → ValueExpression(x) ∧ ∃y(TimeInterval(y) ∧ isValueExpressionOfAtAllTimes(x,y))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: value expression that describes the duration of some temporal interval
primitive rationale: The definition of this class is weakened to only necessary condition because the current formal conditions do not specify which characteristic of the temporal interval is being expressed; without a mechanism to formally distinguish duration from other temporal qualities (e.g., temporal position), the construct cannot be given a necessary-and-sufficient definition. Until such representational machinery exists—i.e., a property or formal device that links a value expression specifically to the duration quality of a temporal interval—the conditions can function only as necessary, not necessary and sufficient, making this class primitive.
semi-formal natural language axiom: every instance of 'temporal duration value expression' is an instance of 'value expression' that 'is value expression of at all times' some 'temporal interval'

temporal instant value expression
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: value expression
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is value expression of at all times
    some values from: temporal instant
subclass of: value expression
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is value expression of at all times
  some values from: temporal instant
example: The time instant at which a train arrives at a station has its clock time expressed by a temporal instant value expression.
explanatory note: 1. This class was introduced as a helper class to map OWL time to IOF Core. For detailed expression of date and time in a specific calendar system, use a suitable subclass of TemporalPosition class from Time ontology (https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/) instead of ‘temporal instant value expression’ (see mapping file https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/commonstocoremapping/MappingOWLTimeToIOF/)
first order logic definition: TemporalInstantValueExpression(x) ↔ ValueExpression(x) ∧ ∃y(TemporalInstant(y) ∧ isValueExpressionOfAtAllTimes(x,y))
natural language definition: value expression that describes the position of a time instant in the time line
semi-formal natural language definition: every instance of 'temporal instant value expression' is defined exactly as an instance of 'value expression' that 'is value expression of at all times' some 'temporal instant'

value expression
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is value expression of at some time
  some values from: entity
example: 1cm is the value expression of the diameter of a screw head that is specified in its design; 37C is the value expression of the temperature of a bioreactor measured during the production process; "low risk" is the value expression of a process parameter based on the risk analysis classification scheme; 3 g/l is the value expression of titer of an antibody generated by a process simulation
adapted from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001933
explanatory note: 1. Value expressions comprehend qualitative, semi-quantitative, or quantitative values. 2. All value expressions have a value associated with them through ‘has simple expression value’. This part is not formally captured as we do not want to impose a specific datatype constraint (e.g., xsd:int,rdfs:Literal) with the value expression. Nevertheless, any instance of ‘value expression’ MUST have a ‘has simple expression value’ or its subproperty pointing to a value. 3. This class is intended to provide a single framework for representing unit-value pairs and the connection between a value and a particular classification scheme in the case of qualitative values. While currently, IOF still needs to define classification schemes and quantitative scales, this class is compatible with and thus can be mapped to external ontologies such as the QUDT and the Units Ontology to get the necessary representation of units.
first-order logic axiom: ValueExpression(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ isValueExpressionOfAtSomeTime(x,e))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: information content entity that contains a value of an entity within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale
primitive rationale: There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely constructs for representing classification schemes and quantitative scales are still missing.
semi-formal natural language axiom: If x is a 'value expression' then x is an 'information content entity' that 'is value expression of at some time' some 'entity'
synonym: value information content entity

absorption process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: absorbent phase
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid mixture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: rich absorbent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: depleted fluid
label: processo de absorção @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which one or more gaseous components are transferred from a gas phase into a liquid absorbent phase through contact in petroleum production equipment.

accumulation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: accumulation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: accumulation process
label: função de acumulação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the collection and temporary holding of fluid to buffer flow variations or build up inventory.

accumulation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de acumulação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which fluid is collected and temporarily held in a vessel to buffer flow variations or build up inventory in a petroleum production system.

actuation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: actuation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: actuation process
label: função de atuação @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting a control input to mechanical movement or force that positions or operates another equipment component, where the control input is provided manually by human operation.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting control signals or energy inputs into mechanical motion or force to operate other equipment such as valves, dampers, or positioning mechanisms.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting one form of energy into mechanical motion to operate a mechanism or device.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in the capacity to convert an input energy signal (electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic) into controlled mechanical motion for operating other equipment components.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting a control input to mechanical movement or force that positions or operates another equipment component, where the control input is provided manually by human operation.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting control signals or energy inputs into mechanical motion or force to operate other equipment such as valves, dampers, or positioning mechanisms.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting one form of energy into mechanical motion to operate a mechanism or device.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in the capacity to convert an input energy signal (electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic) into controlled mechanical motion for operating other equipment components.

actuation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: control signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: compressed air portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: hydraulic fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: manual control signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: hydraulic fluid portion
label: processo de atuação @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a control signal or energy input is converted by an actuator into mechanical motion or force that operates or positions another piece of equipment according to control requirements.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts a control input signal to mechanical movement or force, enabling the positioning or operation of controlled equipment such as valves, dampers, or switches.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts input energy (electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic) into mechanical motion to operate valves, dampers, or other control devices.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts input energy into controlled mechanical motion to operate valves, dampers, or other equipment requiring remote or automated positioning.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a control signal or energy input is converted by an actuator into mechanical motion or force that operates or positions another piece of equipment according to control requirements.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts a control input signal to mechanical movement or force, enabling the positioning or operation of controlled equipment such as valves, dampers, or switches.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts input energy (electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic) into mechanical motion to operate valves, dampers, or other control devices.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts input energy into controlled mechanical motion to operate valves, dampers, or other equipment requiring remote or automated positioning.

agitation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: agitation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: agitation process
label: função de agitação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical stirring of a liquid to promote mixing, suspension of solids, or heat transfer.

agitation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de agitação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a liquid is mechanically stirred or agitated to promote mixing, heat transfer, or suspension of solids in petroleum production equipment.

air portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de ar @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air participating as an oxidant, carrier, or motive fluid in a petroleum production process.

anode function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electrochemical oxidation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electrochemical oxidation process
label: função de proteção anódica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the supply of electrons to a cathodic protection circuit to prevent corrosion of a protected metallic structure.

axial displacement measuring probe
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: sonda axial de deslocamento de medição @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a proximity probe that measures the axial displacement of a rotating shaft in petroleum production rotating equipment.

axial displacement transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: axial displacement transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: axial displacement transmission process
label: função de transmissão de deslocamento axial @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of axial displacement of a rotating shaft and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a monitoring system.

axial displacement transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: standardized electrical signal
label: processo de transmissão de deslocamento axial @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the axial displacement of a rotating shaft is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote monitoring system.

backflow prevention process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de prevenção de refluxo @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow reversal is prevented by a closure member that moves to block the flow path when upstream pressure falls below downstream pressure or when flow attempts to reverse direction.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow reversal is prevented by a closure member that moves to block the flow path when upstream pressure falls below downstream pressure or when flow attempts to reverse direction.

binary flow control process
type: Class
subclass of: process-controlled flow process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: control signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de controle binário de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A process-controlled flow process in which a flow path is completely opened or closed to allow or prevent fluid passage through petroleum production equipment.

boiling function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: boiling process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: boiling process
label: função de ebulição @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of a liquid into vapour by supplying heat at or above the liquid's boiling point.

boiling process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: vapor portion
label: processo de ebulição @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a liquid is converted into vapour by supplying thermal energy at or above its boiling point in petroleum production equipment.

bottom hole drilling function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: bottom hole drilling process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: bottom hole drilling process
label: função de perfuração de fundo de poço @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the cutting and disintegration of subsurface rock at the bottom of a wellbore to advance the drill hole.

bottom hole drilling process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: drilling fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: wellbore
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: logging data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: rock cuttings
label: processo de perfuração de fundo de poço @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which subsurface rock at the bottom of a wellbore is cut and disintegrated by a drill bit to advance the drill hole.

braided conductor
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: condutor de trançado @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes an electrical conductor composed of braided or stranded wires providing flexibility and mechanical strength in petroleum production equipment.

braking function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: braking process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: braking process
label: função de frenagem @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the application of a retarding force to decelerate or hold stationary a rotating or translating mechanical component.

braking process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: moving object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: restricted object
label: processo de frenagem @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a retarding force is applied to decelerate or hold stationary a rotating or translating mechanical component in petroleum production equipment.

branch port
type: Class
subclass of: fluid port
label: bocal de ramal @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a branch outlet port on a manifold or pipe fitting through which flow is diverted to a secondary flow path.

operation
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
source: ODR-009 Amendment A (2026-06-18): copi:Operation as explicit root universal; genus correction to iof-constr:PlannedProcess
comment: A planned process that an item of process-industry equipment is designed to bring about or take part in; a process-industry unit operation.
comment: Um processo planejado que um item de equipamento de indústria de processo é projetado para causar ou do qual é projetado para participar; uma operação unitária de indústria de processo. @pt-br
label: operação @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Operation(x) → PlannedProcess(x))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A planned process that an item of process-industry equipment is designed to bring about or take part in; a process-industry unit operation.
natural language definition: Um processo planejado que um item de equipamento de indústria de processo é projetado para causar ou do qual é projetado para participar; uma operação unitária de indústria de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Root universal for process-industry unit operations in the chemical-engineering tradition (cf. each category's adaptedFrom). Members share a typed participation signature (material inputs/outputs) and differ by transformation effected; no single formal condition differentiates Operation from PlannedProcess in OWL — the differentia is OWL-inexpressible, standard for a BFO primitive. (ODR-009 Amendment A, 2026-06-18)
primitive rationale: Universal raiz para operações unitárias de indústria de processo na tradição da engenharia química (cf. adaptedFrom de cada categoria). Os membros compartilham uma assinatura de participação tipada (entradas/saídas materiais) e diferem pela transformação efetuada; nenhuma condição formal única diferencia Operation de PlannedProcess em OWL — a diferença é inexpressível em OWL, padrão para um primitivo BFO. (ODR-009 Emenda A, 2026-06-18) @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'operation' then x is a 'planned process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'operação' então x é um 'processo planejado' @pt-br

momentum transfer
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2002) — Part I: momentum transport.
source: ODR-009
comment: A process that imparts mechanical energy to a fluid, changing its pressure or inducing its bulk motion.
comment: Um processo que confere energia mecânica a um fluido, alterando sua pressão ou induzindo seu movimento global. @pt-br
label: transferência de quantidade de movimento @pt-br
example: Elevar a pressão de um líquido de processo; comprimir um gás; circular uma lama. @pt-br
example: Raising the pressure of a process liquid; compressing a gas; circulating a slurry.
adapted from: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (fluid-flow operations).
explanatory note: Includes pressure-raising operations on liquids and gases, and bulk transport/mixing. Its leaf operations LiquidPressureIncrease and GasPressureIncrease are disjoint.
explanatory note: Inclui operações de aumento de pressão de líquidos e gases, e transporte/mistura globais. Suas operações folha LiquidPressureIncrease e GasPressureIncrease são disjuntas. @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (MomentumTransfer(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process that imparts mechanical energy to a fluid, changing its pressure or inducing its bulk motion.
natural language definition: Um processo que confere energia mecânica a um fluido, alterando sua pressão ou induzindo seu movimento global. @pt-br
primitive rationale: A unit-operations class grounded in the McCabe-Smith-Harriott tradition; its members share a typed-participation envelope but no single formally necessary-and-sufficient differentia, so only the envelope is asserted in OWL.
primitive rationale: Uma classe de operações unitárias fundamentada na tradição de McCabe-Smith-Harriott; seus membros compartilham um envelope de participação tipada mas nenhuma diferença formal necessária-e-suficiente única, de modo que apenas o envelope é asserido em OWL. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'momentum transfer' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material' @pt-br

heat transfer
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2002) — Part II: energy transport.
source: ODR-009
comment: A process that transfers thermal energy between materials (or to/from a material) without, in itself, changing the phase or chemical identity of the process stream.
comment: Um processo que transfere energia térmica entre materiais (ou de/para um material) sem, em si, alterar a fase ou a identidade química da corrente de processo. @pt-br
label: transferência de calor @pt-br
example: Aquecimento sensível de uma corrente de processo contra uma utilidade quente. @pt-br
example: Sensible heating of a process stream against a hot utility.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (HeatTransfer(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process that transfers thermal energy between materials (or to/from a material) without, in itself, changing the phase or chemical identity of the process stream.
natural language definition: Um processo que transfere energia térmica entre materiais (ou de/para um material) sem, em si, alterar a fase ou a identidade química da corrente de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Classe de operações unitárias; a constância de fase e de identidade química que distingue a transferência de calor sensível não é capturada em OWL, de modo que apenas o envelope é asserido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Unit-operations class; the constancy of phase and chemical identity that distinguishes sensible heat transfer is not captured in OWL, so only the envelope is asserted.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'heat transfer' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'transferência de calor' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material' @pt-br

mass transfer
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2002) — Part III: mass transport.
source: ODR-009
comment: A process in which one or more chemical species migrate between phases driven by a concentration (chemical-potential) difference.
comment: Um processo no qual uma ou mais espécies químicas migram entre fases impulsionadas por uma diferença de concentração (potencial químico). @pt-br
label: transferência de massa @pt-br
example: Absorption of a gas component into a liquid solvent; stripping; distillation.
example: Absorção de um componente gasoso em um solvente líquido; esgotamento (stripping); destilação. @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (MassTransfer(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process in which one or more chemical species migrate between phases driven by a concentration (chemical-potential) difference.
natural language definition: Um processo no qual uma ou mais espécies químicas migram entre fases impulsionadas por uma diferença de concentração (potencial químico). @pt-br
primitive rationale: Classe de operações unitárias; a migração interfásica que individua seus membros é declarada para folhas específicas (e.g. GasAbsorption) mas não no nível da categoria em OWL. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Unit-operations class; the inter-phase migration that individuates its members is stated for specific leaves (e.g. GasAbsorption) but not at the category level in OWL.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'mass transfer' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'transferência de massa' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material' @pt-br

mechanical separation
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: ODR-009
comment: A process that separates a heterogeneous mixture into fractions by mechanical means (gravity, centrifugal, or barrier forces) without phase change or chemical reaction.
comment: Um processo que separa uma mistura heterogênea em frações por meios mecânicos (forças gravitacionais, centrífugas ou de barreira) sem mudança de fase ou reação química. @pt-br
label: separação mecânica @pt-br
example: Separação gravitacional trifásica; separação ciclônica; filtração; centrifugação. @pt-br
example: Three-phase gravity separation; cyclonic separation; filtration; centrifugation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (MechanicalSeparation(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process that separates a heterogeneous mixture into fractions by mechanical means (gravity, centrifugal, or barrier forces) without phase change or chemical reaction.
natural language definition: Um processo que separa uma mistura heterogênea em frações por meios mecânicos (forças gravitacionais, centrífugas ou de barreira) sem mudança de fase ou reação química. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Classe de operações unitárias; a separação de uma alimentação heterogênea por força mecânica não é formalizada em OWL além do envelope. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Unit-operations class; the partition of a heterogeneous feed by mechanical force is not formalised in OWL beyond the envelope.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'mechanical separation' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'separação mecânica' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material' @pt-br

chemical reaction
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: ODR-009
comment: A process in which chemical species are consumed and new species, present in no input, are formed.
comment: Um processo no qual espécies químicas são consumidas e novas espécies, presentes em nenhuma entrada, são formadas. @pt-br
label: reação química @pt-br
example: Fermentation of sugars to ethanol; combustion; catalytic conversion.
example: Fermentação de açúcares a etanol; combustão; conversão catalítica. @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ChemicalReaction(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃o,c(hasOutput(x,o) ∧ hasConstituent(o,c) ∧ ¬∃i,c1(hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasConstituent(i,c1) ∧ sameSubstance(c1,c))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process in which chemical species are consumed and new species, present in no input, are formed.
natural language definition: Um processo no qual espécies químicas são consumidas e novas espécies, presentes em nenhuma entrada, são formadas. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Classe de processo unitário; a formação de uma espécie genuinamente nova é parcialmente caracterizada em FOL mas apenas o gênero é asserido em OWL. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Unit-process class; the formation of a genuinely new species is partly characterised in FOL but only the genus is asserted in OWL.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'chemical reaction' then x is a 'process' whose output has a constituent substance that no input has
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'reação química' então x é um 'processo' cuja saída tem uma substância constituinte que nenhuma entrada possui @pt-br

phase change
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: ODR-009
comment: A process that changes the physical state (phase) of a material without changing its chemical identity.
comment: Um processo que altera o estado físico (fase) de um material sem alterar sua identidade química. @pt-br
label: mudança de fase @pt-br
example: Evaporation; condensation; crystallisation.
example: Evaporação; condensação; cristalização. @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PhaseChange(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process that changes the physical state (phase) of a material without changing its chemical identity.
natural language definition: Um processo que altera o estado físico (fase) de um material sem alterar sua identidade química. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Classe de operações unitárias; a mudança de fase a identidade química constante é declarada para folhas (e.g. Vaporization) mas não no nível da categoria em OWL. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Unit-operations class; the change of phase at constant chemical identity is stated for leaves (e.g. Vaporization) but not at category level in OWL.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'phase change' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'mudança de fase' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material' @pt-br

material containment
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: ODR-009
comment: A process that maintains a contained material's state and identity over time; a limiting case in which the process input and output coincide. An auxiliary (non-transformation) category.
comment: Um processo que mantém o estado e a identidade de um material contido ao longo do tempo; um caso-limite no qual a entrada e a saída do processo coincidem. Uma categoria auxiliar (não-transformação). @pt-br
label: contenção de material @pt-br
example: Armazenar petróleo cru em um tanque; amortecer líquido em um tambor de surto. @pt-br
example: Holding crude in a storage tank; buffering liquid in a surge drum.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (MaterialContainment(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃m(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ hasInput(x,m) ∧ hasOutput(x,m)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process that maintains a contained material's state and identity over time; a limiting case in which the process input and output coincide. An auxiliary (non-transformation) category.
natural language definition: Um processo que mantém o estado e a identidade de um material contido ao longo do tempo; um caso-limite no qual a entrada e a saída do processo coincidem. Uma categoria auxiliar (não-transformação). @pt-br
primitive rationale: Auxiliary category retained because all plant equipment must be classifiable; the input=output identity is the limiting characterisation, not a transformation.
primitive rationale: Categoria auxiliar mantida porque todo equipamento de planta deve ser classificável; a identidade entrada=saída é a caracterização-limite, não uma transformação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'material containment' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' and 'has output' the same 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'contenção de material' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' e 'tem saída' a mesma 'entidade material' @pt-br

flow control
type: Class
subclass of: operation
source: ODR-009
comment: A process that modulates a flow without changing the material's substance, phase, or composition.
comment: Um processo que modula um escoamento sem alterar a substância, a fase ou a composição do material. @pt-br
label: controle de fluxo @pt-br
example: Estrangular uma corrente por uma válvula de controle; isolar por uma válvula de bloqueio; aliviar sobrepressão. @pt-br
example: Throttling a stream through a control valve; isolating via a shutoff valve; relieving overpressure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (FlowControl(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃m(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ hasInput(x,m) ∧ hasOutput(x,m)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process that modulates a flow without changing the material's substance, phase, or composition.
natural language definition: Um processo que modula um escoamento sem alterar a substância, a fase ou a composição do material. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Auxiliary category; the conservation of substance/phase/composition under modulation is the characterisation and is not a material transformation.
primitive rationale: Categoria auxiliar; a conservação de substância/fase/composição sob modulação é a caracterização e não é uma transformação material. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'flow control' then x is a 'process' that conserves the substance, phase and composition of its material participant
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'controle de fluxo' então x é um 'processo' que conserva a substância, a fase e a composição de seu participante material @pt-br

liquid pressure increase
type: Class
subclass of: momentum transfer
disjoint with: gas pressure increase
source: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §3 (fluid flow, pumping).
source: ODR-011
comment: A momentum-transfer operation whose fluid input is an incompressible liquid and whose effect is to raise that liquid's pressure.
comment: Uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento cuja entrada fluida é um líquido incompressível e cujo efeito é elevar a pressão desse líquido. @pt-br
label: aumento de pressão de líquido @pt-br
first order logic definition: ∀x (LiquidPressureIncrease(x) ↔ MomentumTransfer(x) ∧ ∃l(Liquid(l) ∧ hasInput(x,l)) ∧ ∀m(hasInput(x,m) ∧ Fluid(m) → Liquid(m)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A momentum-transfer operation whose fluid input is an incompressible liquid and whose effect is to raise that liquid's pressure.
natural language definition: Uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento cuja entrada fluida é um líquido incompressível e cujo efeito é elevar a pressão desse líquido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL 2 DL cannot express the phase constraint on the fluid input; the OWL form asserts only the genus (MomentumTransfer). The disjointness with GasPressureIncrease is asserted to carry the pump/compressor partition.
primitive rationale: OWL 2 DL não consegue expressar a restrição de fase sobre a entrada fluida; a forma OWL assere apenas o gênero (MomentumTransfer). A disjunção com GasPressureIncrease é asserida para sustentar a partição bomba/compressor. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'liquid pressure increase' if and only if x is a 'momentum transfer' whose fluid input is a 'liquid'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'aumento de pressão de líquido' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento' cuja entrada fluida é um 'líquido' @pt-br

gas pressure increase
type: Class
subclass of: momentum transfer
source: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §3 (fluid flow, compression).
source: ODR-011
comment: A momentum-transfer operation whose fluid input is a compressible gas and whose effect is to raise that gas's pressure.
comment: Uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento cuja entrada fluida é um gás compressível e cujo efeito é elevar a pressão desse gás. @pt-br
label: aumento de pressão de gás @pt-br
first order logic definition: ∀x (GasPressureIncrease(x) ↔ MomentumTransfer(x) ∧ ∃g(Gas(g) ∧ hasInput(x,g)) ∧ ∀m(hasInput(x,m) ∧ Fluid(m) → Gas(m)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A momentum-transfer operation whose fluid input is a compressible gas and whose effect is to raise that gas's pressure.
natural language definition: Uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento cuja entrada fluida é um gás compressível e cujo efeito é elevar a pressão desse gás. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As for LiquidPressureIncrease: the phase constraint is not expressible in OWL 2 DL; only the genus is asserted.
primitive rationale: Como em LiquidPressureIncrease: a restrição de fase não é expressável em OWL 2 DL; apenas o gênero é asserido. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'gas pressure increase' if and only if x is a 'momentum transfer' whose fluid input is a 'gas'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'aumento de pressão de gás' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento' cuja entrada fluida é um 'gás' @pt-br

gas absorption
type: Class
subclass of: mass transfer
source: Green & Southard (eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 9th ed. §14 (absorption and stripping).
source: ODR-011
comment: A mass-transfer operation in which a chemical species carried by an input gas, and absent from the input solvent, becomes a constituent of the output liquid.
comment: Uma operação de transferência de massa na qual uma espécie química transportada por um gás de entrada, e ausente do solvente de entrada, torna-se constituinte do líquido de saída. @pt-br
label: absorção de gás @pt-br
adapted from: Treybal, Mass-Transfer Operations.
first order logic definition: ∀p (GasAbsorption(p) ↔ MassTransfer(p) ∧ ∃g,l,l2,c(hasInput(p,g) ∧ Gas(g) ∧ hasInput(p,l) ∧ Liquid(l) ∧ hasOutput(p,l2) ∧ Liquid(l2) ∧ derivesFrom(l2,l) ∧ hasConstituent(g,c) ∧ ¬∃c1(hasConstituent(l,c1) ∧ sameSubstance(c1,c)) ∧ ∃c2(hasConstituent(l2,c2) ∧ sameSubstance(c2,c))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A mass-transfer operation in which a chemical species carried by an input gas, and absent from the input solvent, becomes a constituent of the output liquid.
natural language definition: Uma operação de transferência de massa na qual uma espécie química transportada por um gás de entrada, e ausente do solvente de entrada, torna-se constituinte do líquido de saída. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Although a full first-order definition is available, OWL 2 DL carries only the typed-participation envelope; the relational differentia (a constituent migrating gas->liquid) is FOL-only.
primitive rationale: Embora exista uma definição de primeira ordem completa, o OWL 2 DL carrega apenas o envelope de participação tipada; a diferença relacional (um constituinte migrando gás->líquido) é apenas-FOL. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'gas absorption' if and only if x is a 'mass transfer' in which a substance carried by the input gas, absent from the input solvent, is a constituent of the output liquid
semi-formal natural language definition: x é uma 'absorção de gás' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de massa' na qual uma substância transportada pelo gás de entrada, ausente do solvente de entrada, é constituinte do líquido de saída @pt-br

vaporization
type: Class
subclass of: phase change
source: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §16 (evaporation).
source: ODR-011
comment: A phase-change operation in which a liquid input is converted to a vapour output.
comment: Uma operação de mudança de fase na qual uma entrada líquida é convertida em uma saída de vapor. @pt-br
label: vaporização @pt-br
first order logic definition: ∀x (Vaporization(x) ↔ PhaseChange(x) ∧ ∃l(Liquid(l) ∧ hasInput(x,l)) ∧ ∃v(Vapour(v) ∧ hasOutput(x,v) ∧ derivesFrom(v,l)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A phase-change operation in which a liquid input is converted to a vapour output.
natural language definition: Uma operação de mudança de fase na qual uma entrada líquida é convertida em uma saída de vapor. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL 2 DL carrega apenas o gênero (PhaseChange); a derivação líquido-para-vapor é apenas-FOL. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL 2 DL carries only the genus (PhaseChange); the liquid-to-vapour derivation is FOL-only.
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'vaporization' if and only if x is a 'phase change' whose liquid input gives rise to a vapour output
semi-formal natural language definition: x é uma 'vaporização' se e somente se x é uma 'mudança de fase' cuja entrada líquida dá origem a uma saída de vapor @pt-br

loss of containment
type: Class
subclass of: process
source: ODR-009
comment: A process in which a contained material escapes its intended boundary. An unplanned process; deliberately not an iof-constr:PlannedProcess.
comment: Um processo no qual um material contido escapa de seu limite pretendido. Um processo não planejado; deliberadamente não um iof-constr:PlannedProcess. @pt-br
label: perda de contenção @pt-br
explanatory note: Relevant to HAZOP and failure-propagation work built over COPI.
explanatory note: Relevante para trabalhos de HAZOP e propagação de falhas construídos sobre o COPI. @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (LossOfContainment(x) → Process(x) ∧ ¬PlannedProcess(x))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A process in which a contained material escapes its intended boundary. An unplanned process; deliberately not an iof-constr:PlannedProcess.
natural language definition: Um processo no qual um material contido escapa de seu limite pretendido. Um processo não planejado; deliberadamente não um iof-constr:PlannedProcess. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Included to make the bfo:Process rooting concrete: the same boundary-failure kind is failure-relevant (ISO 14224) and cannot be a PlannedProcess; a planned-only hierarchy would exclude it.
primitive rationale: Incluída para tornar concreta a ancoragem em bfo:Process: o mesmo tipo de falha de barreira é relevante para falhas (ISO 14224) e não pode ser um PlannedProcess; uma hierarquia só-planejada o excluiria. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'loss of containment' then x is a 'process' and x is not a 'planned process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'perda de contenção' então x é um 'processo' e x não é um 'processo planejado' @pt-br

momentum-transfer device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: momentum transfer
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: momentum transfer
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a momentum-transfer operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento. @pt-br
label: dispositivo de transferência de quantidade de movimento @pt-br
example: bomba, compressor, ventilador, tubo, misturador @pt-br
example: pump, compressor, fan, pipe, mixer
adapted from: Unit-operations tradition (McCabe-Smith-Harriott); cross-checked against IEC 81346-2 codes G, M, W and ISO 14224 Annex A.
explanatory note: A dispersive (defined) category; a leaf declaring only its designed function is automatically classified here by the reasoner. Not asserted disjoint from the other equipment categories (selective partition).
explanatory note: Uma categoria dispersiva (definida); uma folha que declara apenas sua função projetada é classificada aqui automaticamente pelo reasoner. Não asserida disjunta das demais categorias de equipamento (partição seletiva). @pt-br
first order logic definition: ∀x (MomentumTransferDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MomentumTransfer(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a momentum-transfer operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'momentum-transfer device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'momentum transfer'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'dispositivo de transferência de quantidade de movimento' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento' @pt-br

heat-transfer device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: heat transfer
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: heat transfer
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a heat-transfer operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de calor. @pt-br
label: dispositivo de transferência de calor @pt-br
example: shell-and-tube exchanger, fired heater, reboiler
example: trocador casco-e-tubo, aquecedor a fogo direto, refervedor @pt-br
adapted from: Unit-operations tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 codes E, V.
explanatory note: Categoria definida; um artefato que porta uma função secundária (e.g. um refervedor que também vaporiza) adquire pertinências adicionais de categoria -- intencional, não um defeito. @pt-br
explanatory note: Defined category; an artifact bearing a secondary function (e.g. a reboiler that also vaporizes) acquires additional category memberships -- intended, not a defect.
first order logic definition: ∀x (HeatTransferDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(HeatTransfer(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a heat-transfer operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de calor. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'heat-transfer device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'heat transfer'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'dispositivo de transferência de calor' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'transferência de calor' @pt-br

mass-transfer device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: mass transfer
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: mass transfer
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a mass-transfer operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de massa. @pt-br
label: dispositivo de transferência de massa @pt-br
example: absorber, stripper, distillation column, adsorber
example: absorvedor, esgotador, coluna de destilação, adsorvedor @pt-br
adapted from: Unit-operations tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code V.
first order logic definition: ∀x (MassTransferDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MassTransfer(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a mass-transfer operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de massa. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'mass-transfer device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'mass transfer'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'dispositivo de transferência de massa' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'transferência de massa' @pt-br

mechanical-separation device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: mechanical separation
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: mechanical separation
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a mechanical-separation operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de separação mecânica. @pt-br
label: dispositivo de separação mecânica @pt-br
example: separador trifásico, ciclone, filtro, centrífuga @pt-br
example: three-phase separator, cyclone, filter, centrifuge
adapted from: Unit-operations tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code V.
first order logic definition: ∀x (MechanicalSeparationDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MechanicalSeparation(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a mechanical-separation operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de separação mecânica. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'mechanical-separation device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'mechanical separation'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'dispositivo de separação mecânica' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'separação mecânica' @pt-br

chemical reactor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: chemical reaction
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: chemical reaction
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a chemical-reaction operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de reação química. @pt-br
label: reator químico @pt-br
example: CSTR, plug-flow reactor, fixed-bed catalytic reactor
example: CSTR, reator de fluxo pistonado, reator catalítico de leito fixo @pt-br
adapted from: Unit-process tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code H.
first order logic definition: ∀x (ChemicalReactor(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(ChemicalReaction(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a chemical-reaction operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de reação química. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'chemical reactor' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'chemical reaction'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'reator químico' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'reação química' @pt-br

phase-change device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: phase change
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: phase change
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a phase-change operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de mudança de fase. @pt-br
label: dispositivo de mudança de fase @pt-br
example: evaporador, condensador, cristalizador @pt-br
example: evaporator, condenser, crystalliser
adapted from: Unit-operations tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code V.
first order logic definition: ∀x (PhaseChangeDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(PhaseChange(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a phase-change operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de mudança de fase. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'phase-change device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'phase change'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'dispositivo de mudança de fase' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'mudança de fase' @pt-br

containment device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: material containment
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: material containment
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a material-containment operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de contenção de material. @pt-br
label: dispositivo de contenção @pt-br
example: storage tank, pressure vessel, accumulator
example: tanque de armazenamento, vaso de pressão, acumulador @pt-br
adapted from: ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code C.
first order logic definition: ∀x (ContainmentDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MaterialContainment(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a material-containment operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de contenção de material. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'containment device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'material containment'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'dispositivo de contenção' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'contenção de material' @pt-br

flow-control device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: flow control
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: flow control
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a flow-control operation.
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de controle de fluxo. @pt-br
label: dispositivo de controle de fluxo @pt-br
example: control valve, shutoff valve, relief valve
example: válvula de controle, válvula de bloqueio, válvula de alívio @pt-br
adapted from: ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 codes Q, R, F.
first order logic definition: ∀x (FlowControlDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(FlowControl(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a flow-control operation.
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de controle de fluxo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'flow-control device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'flow control'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'dispositivo de controle de fluxo' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' algum 'controle de fluxo' @pt-br

measurement instrument
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: designed function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: measurement process
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: designed function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: measurement process
source: ODR-011
source: ODR-012
comment: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in an iof-constr:MeasurementProcess (a planned process yielding an information output).
comment: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em um iof-constr:MeasurementProcess (um processo planejado que produz uma saída informacional). @pt-br
label: instrumento de medição @pt-br
example: temperature/pressure/flow/level transmitter, composition analyzer
example: transmissor de temperatura/pressão/vazão/nível, analisador de composição @pt-br
adapted from: ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code B.
explanatory note: A medição distingue-se das categorias de transformação por produzir uma saída informacional em vez de material; reutiliza iof-constr:MeasurementProcess em vez de cunhar um processo COPI. @pt-br
explanatory note: Measurement stands apart from the transformation categories in yielding an informational rather than a material output; it reuses iof-constr:MeasurementProcess instead of minting a COPI process.
first order logic definition: ∀x (MeasurementInstrument(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
is primitive: false
natural language definition: A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in an iof-constr:MeasurementProcess (a planned process yielding an information output).
natural language definition: Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em um iof-constr:MeasurementProcess (um processo planejado que produz uma saída informacional). @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'measurement instrument' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'measurement process'
semi-formal natural language definition: x é um 'instrumento de medição' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' algum 'processo de medição' @pt-br

containment function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: material containment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: material containment
comment: An identity-giving designed function realized in a MaterialContainment process; the function of holding a fluid or solid material within a bounded volume.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de MaterialContainment; a função de manter um material fluido ou sólido dentro de um volume delimitado. @pt-br
label: função de contenção @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ContainmentFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(MaterialContainment(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → MaterialContainment(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function realized in a MaterialContainment process; the function of holding a fluid or solid material within a bounded volume.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de MaterialContainment; a função de manter um material fluido ou sólido dentro de um volume delimitado. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is a 'containment function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'material containment' and is 'realized in' only 'material containment' processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de contenção' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos uma 'contenção de material' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'contenção de material' @pt-br

flow control function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow control
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flow control
comment: An identity-giving designed function realized in a FlowControl process; the function of modulating, regulating, or blocking fluid flow.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de FlowControl; a função de modular, regular ou bloquear o escoamento de fluido. @pt-br
label: função de controle de fluxo @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: FlowControlFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(FlowControl(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → FlowControl(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function realized in a FlowControl process; the function of modulating, regulating, or blocking fluid flow through a conduit or vessel connection.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de FlowControl; a função de modular, regular ou bloquear o escoamento de fluido através de uma tubulação ou conexão de vaso. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is a 'flow control function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'flow control' and is 'realized in' only 'flow control' processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de controle de fluxo' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'controle de fluxo' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'controle de fluxo' @pt-br

process-controlled flow function
type: Class
subclass of: flow control function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: process-controlled flow process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: process-controlled flow process
comment: An identity-giving designed function realized in a ProcessControlledFlowProcess; the function of opening or shutting a flow path in response to an external process control signal.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um ProcessControlledFlowProcess; a função de abrir ou fechar um caminho de escoamento em resposta a um sinal externo de controle de processo. @pt-br
label: função de fluxo controlado por processo @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ProcessControlledFlowFunction(f) → FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(ProcessControlledFlowProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → ProcessControlledFlowProcess(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function realized in a ProcessControlledFlowProcess; the function of opening or shutting a flow path in response to an external process control signal.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um ProcessControlledFlowProcess; a função de abrir ou fechar um caminho de escoamento em resposta a um sinal externo de controle de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is a 'process-controlled flow function' then f is a 'flow control function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'process-controlled flow process' and only in such processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de fluxo controlado por processo' então f é uma 'função de controle de fluxo' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de fluxo controlado por processo' e apenas em tais processos @pt-br

indication function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: measurement process
comment: An identity-giving designed function realized in a Measurement process; the function of converting a physical quantity into a locally readable display at the point of measurement.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de Medição; a função de converter uma grandeza física em uma exibição lida localmente no ponto de medição. @pt-br
label: função de indicação @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: IndicationFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → MeasurementProcess(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function realized in a Measurement process; the function of converting a physical quantity into a locally readable display at the point of measurement.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de Medição; a função de converter uma grandeza física em uma exibição lida localmente no ponto de medição. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is an 'indication function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'measurement process' and is 'realized in' only 'measurement process' processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de indicação' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de medição' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'medição' @pt-br

instrumentation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: measurement process
comment: An identity-giving designed function realized in a sensing or measurement process; the function of detecting and converting a physical quantity into a usable signal or reading.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de sensoreamento ou medição; a função de detectar e converter uma grandeza física em um sinal ou leitura utilizável. @pt-br
label: função de instrumentação @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: InstrumentationFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → MeasurementProcess(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function realized in a sensing or measurement process; the function of detecting and converting a physical quantity into a usable signal or reading.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de sensoreamento ou medição; a função de detectar e converter uma grandeza física em um sinal ou leitura utilizável. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is an 'instrumentation function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'measurement process' and is 'realized in' only 'measurement process' processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de instrumentação' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de medição' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'medição' @pt-br

signal transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: instrumentation function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: signal transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: signal transmission process
comment: An identity-giving designed function realized in a SignalTransmissionProcess; the function of converting a sensed physical quantity into a standardized signal for remote reading, recording, or control.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SignalTransmissionProcess; a função de converter uma grandeza física sensoreada em um sinal padronizado para leitura remota, registro ou controle. @pt-br
label: função de transmissão de sinal @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: SignalTransmissionFunction(f) → InstrumentationFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(SignalTransmissionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → SignalTransmissionProcess(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function realized in a SignalTransmissionProcess; the function of converting a sensed physical quantity into a standardized electrical or pneumatic signal for remote reading, recording, or control.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SignalTransmissionProcess; a função de converter uma grandeza física sensoreada em um sinal elétrico ou pneumático padronizado para leitura remota, registro ou controle. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is a 'signal transmission function' then f is an 'instrumentation function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'signal transmission process' and only in such processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de transmissão de sinal' então f é uma 'função de instrumentação' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de transmissão de sinal' e apenas em tais processos @pt-br

pressure transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: signal transmission function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pressure measurement and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pressure measurement and transmission process
comment: An identity-giving designed function specialized to pressure measurement and transmission; the function of converting a sensed pressure value into a proportional standardized signal for remote reading or control.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária especializada em medição e transmissão de pressão; a função de converter um valor de pressão sensoreado em um sinal padronizado proporcional para leitura ou controle remoto. @pt-br
label: função de transmissão de pressão @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: PressureTransmissionFunction(f) → SignalTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(PressureMeasurementAndTransmissionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → PressureMeasurementAndTransmissionProcess(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function specialized to pressure measurement and transmission; the function of converting a sensed pressure value into a proportional standardized signal for remote reading or control.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária especializada em medição e transmissão de pressão; a função de converter um valor de pressão sensoreado em um sinal padronizado proporcional para leitura ou controle remoto. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is a 'pressure transmission function' then f is a 'signal transmission function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'pressure measurement and transmission process' and only in such processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de transmissão de pressão' então f é uma 'função de transmissão de sinal' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de medição e transmissão de pressão' e apenas em tais processos @pt-br

safety relief function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: safety relief process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: safety relief process
comment: An identity-giving designed function realized in a SafetyReliefProcess; the function of preventing over-pressure conditions by automatically relieving fluid at a pre-set pressure set-point.
comment: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SafetyReliefProcess; a função de prevenir condições de sobrepressão aliviando automaticamente o fluido em um ponto de ajuste pré-definido. @pt-br
label: função de alívio de segurança @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: SafetyReliefFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(SafetyReliefProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → SafetyReliefProcess(p))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An identity-giving designed function realized in a SafetyReliefProcess; the function of preventing over-pressure conditions by automatically relieving fluid at a pre-set pressure set-point, or of isolating wellbore flow when conditions are unsafe.
natural language definition: Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SafetyReliefProcess; a função de prevenir condições de sobrepressão aliviando automaticamente o fluido em um ponto de ajuste de pressão pré-definido, ou de isolar o escoamento de poço quando as condições são inseguras. @pt-br
primitive rationale: OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if f is a 'safety relief function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'safety relief process' and only in such processes
semi-formal natural language axiom: se f é uma 'função de alívio de segurança' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de alívio de segurança' e apenas em tais processos @pt-br

process-controlled flow process
type: Class
subclass of: flow control
comment: A FlowControl process in which flow through a conduit is opened, closed, or throttled in response to an external control signal from a process control system.
comment: Um processo de FlowControl no qual o escoamento através de uma tubulação é aberto, fechado ou estrangulado em resposta a um sinal de controle externo de um sistema de controle de processo. @pt-br
label: processo de fluxo controlado por processo @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ProcessControlledFlowProcess(x) → FlowControl(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A FlowControl process in which flow through a conduit is opened, closed, or throttled in response to an external control signal from a process control system.
natural language definition: Um processo de FlowControl no qual o escoamento através de uma tubulação é aberto, fechado ou estrangulado em resposta a um sinal de controle externo de um sistema de controle de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: The control-signal differentia (response to external signal) is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (FlowControl).
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'process-controlled flow process' then x is a 'flow control'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'processo de fluxo controlado por processo' então x é um 'controle de fluxo' @pt-br

safety relief process
type: Class
subclass of: flow control
comment: A FlowControl process in which excess pressure is relieved by opening a flow path at a pre-set set-point, or in which wellbore flow is isolated to prevent blowout.
comment: Um processo de FlowControl no qual a pressão excessiva é aliviada pela abertura de um caminho de escoamento em um ponto de ajuste pré-definido, ou no qual o escoamento de poço é isolado para prevenir erupção. @pt-br
label: processo de alívio de segurança @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: SafetyReliefProcess(x) → FlowControl(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A FlowControl process in which excess pressure is relieved by opening a flow path at a pre-set set-point, or in which wellbore flow is isolated to prevent blowout.
natural language definition: Um processo de FlowControl no qual a pressão excessiva é aliviada pela abertura de um caminho de escoamento em um ponto de ajuste pré-definido, ou no qual o escoamento de poço é isolado para prevenir erupção. @pt-br
primitive rationale: The self-actuating or set-point differentia is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (FlowControl).
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'safety relief process' then x is a 'flow control'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'processo de alívio de segurança' então x é um 'controle de fluxo' @pt-br

signal transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: measurement process
comment: A MeasurementProcess in which a sensed physical quantity is converted into a standardized signal and transmitted to a remote display, recorder, or control system.
comment: Um MeasurementProcess no qual uma grandeza física sensoreada é convertida em um sinal padronizado e transmitida a um display remoto, registrador ou sistema de controle. @pt-br
label: processo de transmissão de sinal @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: SignalTransmissionProcess(x) → MeasurementProcess(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MeasurementProcess (hence planned) in which a sensed physical quantity is converted into a standardized signal and transmitted to a remote display, recorder, or control system.
natural language definition: Um MeasurementProcess (portanto planejado) no qual uma grandeza física sensoreada é convertida em um sinal padronizado e transmitida a um display remoto, registrador ou sistema de controle. @pt-br
primitive rationale: The remote-transmission differentia is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (MeasurementProcess).
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'signal transmission process' then x is a 'measurement process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'processo de transmissão de sinal' então x é um 'processo de medição' @pt-br

pressure measurement and transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: measurement process
comment: A MeasurementProcess in which differential or gauge pressure is sensed, converted to a proportional standardized signal, and transmitted to a remote reading or control device.
comment: Um MeasurementProcess no qual a pressão diferencial ou manométrica é sensoreada, convertida em um sinal padronizado proporcional e transmitida a um dispositivo de leitura ou controle remoto. @pt-br
label: processo de medição e transmissão de pressão @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: PressureMeasurementAndTransmissionProcess(x) → MeasurementProcess(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MeasurementProcess (hence planned) in which differential or gauge pressure is sensed, converted to a proportional standardized signal, and transmitted to a remote reading or control device.
natural language definition: Um MeasurementProcess (portanto planejado) no qual a pressão diferencial ou manométrica é sensoreada, convertida em um sinal padronizado proporcional e transmitida a um dispositivo de leitura ou controle remoto. @pt-br
primitive rationale: The pressure-specificity and remote-transmission differentia are expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (MeasurementProcess). The compound name (P07 per OOPS!) reflects a genuine integrated process in industrial instrumentation: sensing and transmission are inseparable in a pressure transmitter.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'pressure measurement and transmission process' then x is a 'measurement process'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'processo de medição e transmissão de pressão' então x é um 'processo de medição' @pt-br

portion of fluid
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: A bounded portion of matter in a fluid state (gaseous, liquid, or supercritical) that participates in an equipment-realizing process as input, output, or transformed substance.
comment: Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado fluido que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento como entrada, saída ou substância transformada. @pt-br
label: porção de fluido @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: PortionOfFluid(x) → MaterialEntity(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A bounded portion of matter in a fluid state (gaseous, liquid, or supercritical) that participates in an equipment-realizing process as input, output, or transformed substance.
natural language definition: Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado fluido (gasoso, líquido ou supercrítico) que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento como entrada, saída ou substância transformada. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'portion of fluid' then x is a 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'porção de fluido' então x é uma 'entidade material' @pt-br

portion of liquid
type: Class
subclass of: portion of fluid
disjoint with: portion of gas
comment: A portion of fluid in liquid phase.
comment: Uma porção de fluido em fase líquida. @pt-br
label: porção de líquido @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: PortionOfLiquid(x) → PortionOfFluid(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A portion of fluid in liquid phase.
natural language definition: Uma porção de fluido em fase líquida. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'portion of liquid' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'porção de líquido' então x é uma 'porção de fluido' @pt-br

portion of gas
type: Class
subclass of: portion of fluid
comment: A portion of fluid in gaseous phase.
comment: Uma porção de fluido em fase gasosa. @pt-br
label: porção de gás @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: PortionOfGas(x) → PortionOfFluid(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A portion of fluid in gaseous phase.
natural language definition: Uma porção de fluido em fase gasosa. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'portion of gas' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'porção de gás' então x é uma 'porção de fluido' @pt-br

portion of solid
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: A bounded portion of matter in a solid state that participates in an equipment-realizing process (filtered contaminants, particulate input, solid product).
comment: Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado sólido que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento. @pt-br
label: porção de sólido @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: PortionOfSolid(x) → MaterialEntity(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A bounded portion of matter in a solid state that participates in an equipment-realizing process (filtered contaminants, particulate input, solid product).
natural language definition: Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado sólido que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento (contaminantes filtrados, entrada particulada, produto sólido). @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'portion of solid' then x is a 'material entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'porção de sólido' então x é uma 'entidade material' @pt-br

absorbent phase
type: Class
subclass of: portion of liquid
comment: A liquid phase whose function is to absorb target components from a gas stream by physical or chemical means.
comment: Uma fase líquida cuja função é absorver componentes alvo de uma corrente de gás por meios físicos ou químicos. @pt-br
label: fase absorvente @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: AbsorbentPhase(x) → PortionOfLiquid(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A liquid phase whose function is to absorb target components from a gas stream by physical or chemical means.
natural language definition: Uma fase líquida cuja função é absorver componentes alvo de uma corrente de gás por meios físicos ou químicos. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'absorbent phase' then x is a 'portion of liquid'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'fase absorvente' então x é uma 'porção de líquido' @pt-br

rich absorbent
type: Class
subclass of: absorbent phase
comment: An absorbent phase that has absorbed target components from a gas stream and is loaded for regeneration.
comment: Uma fase absorvente que absorveu componentes alvo de uma corrente de gás e está carregada para regeneração. @pt-br
label: absorvente rico @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: RichAbsorbent(x) → AbsorbentPhase(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An absorbent phase that has absorbed target components from a gas stream and is loaded for regeneration.
natural language definition: Uma fase absorvente que absorveu componentes alvo de uma corrente de gás e está carregada para regeneração. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'rich absorbent' then x is an 'absorbent phase'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'absorvente rico' então x é uma 'fase absorvente' @pt-br

depleted fluid
type: Class
subclass of: portion of fluid
comment: A fluid from which target components have been removed or transferred during a treatment process.
comment: Um fluido do qual componentes alvo foram removidos ou transferidos durante um processo de tratamento. @pt-br
label: fluido esgotado @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: DepletedFluid(x) → PortionOfFluid(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A fluid from which target components have been removed or transferred during a treatment process.
natural language definition: Um fluido do qual componentes alvo foram removidos ou transferidos durante um processo de tratamento. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'depleted fluid' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'fluido esgotado' então x é uma 'porção de fluido' @pt-br

fluid mixture
type: Class
subclass of: portion of fluid
comment: A fluid portion consisting of two or more components or phases that have not yet been fully separated.
comment: Uma porção fluida composta por dois ou mais componentes ou fases que ainda não foram completamente separados. @pt-br
label: mistura fluida @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: FluidMixture(x) → PortionOfFluid(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A fluid portion consisting of two or more components or phases that have not yet been fully separated.
natural language definition: Uma porção fluida composta por dois ou mais componentes ou fases que ainda não foram completamente separados. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'fluid mixture' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'mistura fluida' então x é uma 'porção de fluido' @pt-br

control signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
comment: An information content entity that conveys an instruction or set-point to a control device.
comment: Uma entidade de conteúdo informacional que transmite uma instrução ou ponto de ajuste a um dispositivo de controle. @pt-br
label: sinal de controle @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ControlSignal(x) → InformationContentEntity(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An information content entity that conveys an instruction or set-point to a control device.
natural language definition: Uma entidade de conteúdo informacional que transmite uma instrução ou ponto de ajuste a um dispositivo de controle. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'control signal' then x is an 'information content entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'sinal de controle' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional' @pt-br

visual indication
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
comment: An information content entity perceptible through visual representation at the point of measurement or display.
comment: Uma entidade de conteúdo informacional perceptível por representação visual no ponto de medição ou display. @pt-br
label: indicação visual @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: VisualIndication(x) → InformationContentEntity(x)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An information content entity perceptible through visual representation at the point of measurement or display.
natural language definition: Uma entidade de conteúdo informacional perceptível por representação visual no ponto de medição ou display. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'visual indication' then x is an 'information content entity'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é uma 'indicação visual' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional' @pt-br

temperature measurement result
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: temperature
comment: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de temperatura de alguma entidade material. @pt-br
comment: Measurement information content entity describing a temperature quality of some material entity.
label: resultado de medição de temperatura @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: TemperatureMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Temperature(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de temperatura de alguma entidade material. @pt-br
natural language definition: Measurement information content entity describing a temperature quality of some material entity.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'temperature measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'temperature'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'resultado de medição de temperatura' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'temperatura' @pt-br

pressure measurement result
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: pressure
comment: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de pressão de alguma entidade material ou fluido. @pt-br
comment: Measurement information content entity describing a pressure quality of some material entity or fluid.
label: resultado de medição de pressão @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: PressureMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Pressure(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de pressão de alguma entidade material ou fluido. @pt-br
natural language definition: Measurement information content entity describing a pressure quality of some material entity or fluid.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'pressure measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'pressure'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'resultado de medição de pressão' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'pressão' @pt-br

flow measurement result
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: flow rate
comment: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de taxa de vazão de uma corrente fluida. @pt-br
comment: Measurement information content entity describing a flow rate quality of a fluid stream.
label: resultado de medição de vazão @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: FlowMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(FlowRate(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de taxa de vazão de uma corrente fluida. @pt-br
natural language definition: Measurement information content entity describing a flow rate quality of a fluid stream.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'flow measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'flow rate'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'resultado de medição de vazão' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'taxa de vazão' @pt-br

level measurement result
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: level
comment: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de nível de líquido de um vaso ou recipiente. @pt-br
comment: Measurement information content entity describing a liquid level quality of a vessel or container.
label: resultado de medição de nível @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: LevelMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Level(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de nível de líquido de um vaso ou recipiente. @pt-br
natural language definition: Measurement information content entity describing a liquid level quality of a vessel or container.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'level measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'level'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'resultado de medição de nível' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' algum 'nível' @pt-br

composition measurement result
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: composition
comment: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve a qualidade de composição química ou de fases de uma substância. @pt-br
comment: Measurement information content entity describing the chemical or phase composition quality of a substance.
label: resultado de medição de composição @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: CompositionMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Composition(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve a qualidade de composição química ou de fases de uma substância. @pt-br
natural language definition: Measurement information content entity describing the chemical or phase composition quality of a substance.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is a 'composition measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'composition'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'resultado de medição de composição' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'composição' @pt-br

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a material entity that represents the intensity of thermal energy of that entity.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a uma entidade material que representa a intensidade de energia térmica dessa entidade. @pt-br
label: temperatura @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: Temperature(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a material entity that represents the intensity of thermal energy of that entity.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a uma entidade material que representa a intensidade de energia térmica dessa entidade. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'temperature' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'temperatura' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a fluid or solid that represents the force per unit area exerted by the substance on its boundary.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um fluido ou sólido que representa a força por unidade de área exercida pela substância em seu limite. @pt-br
label: pressão @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: Pressure(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a fluid or solid that represents the force per unit area exerted by the substance on its boundary.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um fluido ou sólido que representa a força por unidade de área exercida pela substância em seu limite. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'pressure' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'pressão' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

flow rate
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a fluid stream that represents the volume or mass of fluid passing a cross-section per unit time.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a uma corrente fluida que representa o volume ou massa de fluido passando por uma seção transversal por unidade de tempo. @pt-br
label: taxa de vazão @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: FlowRate(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a fluid stream that represents the volume or mass of fluid passing a cross-section per unit time.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a uma corrente fluida que representa o volume ou massa de fluido passando por uma seção transversal por unidade de tempo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'flow rate' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'taxa de vazão' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

level
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a vessel or container that represents the height of a liquid surface above a reference datum.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um vaso ou recipiente que representa a altura da superfície líquida acima de um datum de referência. @pt-br
label: nível @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: Level(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a vessel or container that represents the height of a liquid surface above a reference datum.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um vaso ou recipiente que representa a altura da superfície líquida acima de um datum de referência. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'level' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é um 'nível' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

composition
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a mixture or stream that represents the proportions of its constituent components or phases.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a uma mistura ou corrente que representa as proporções de seus componentes ou fases constituintes. @pt-br
label: composição @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: Composition(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a mixture or stream that represents the proportions of its constituent components or phases.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a uma mistura ou corrente que representa as proporções de seus componentes ou fases constituintes. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'composition' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'composição' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

vibration
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a mechanical system that represents oscillatory motion or periodic displacement from an equilibrium position.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema mecânico que representa o movimento oscilatório ou deslocamento periódico de uma posição de equilíbrio. @pt-br
label: vibração @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: Vibration(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a mechanical system that represents oscillatory motion or periodic displacement from an equilibrium position.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema mecânico que representa o movimento oscilatório ou deslocamento periódico de uma posição de equilíbrio. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'vibration' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'vibração' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

electrical power
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in an electrical system that represents the rate of electrical energy transfer.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema elétrico que representa a taxa de transferência de energia elétrica. @pt-br
label: potência elétrica @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ElectricalPower(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in an electrical system that represents the rate of electrical energy transfer.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema elétrico que representa a taxa de transferência de energia elétrica. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is an 'electrical power' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'potência elétrica' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

mechanical power
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a rotating or reciprocating mechanical system that represents the rate of mechanical work.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema mecânico rotativo ou alternativo que representa a taxa de trabalho mecânico. @pt-br
label: potência mecânica @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: MechanicalPower(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a rotating or reciprocating mechanical system that represents the rate of mechanical work.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema mecânico rotativo ou alternativo que representa a taxa de trabalho mecânico. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'mechanical power' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'potência mecânica' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

rotational speed
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a rotating element that represents the number of complete revolutions per unit time.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um elemento rotativo que representa o número de rotações completas por unidade de tempo. @pt-br
label: velocidade de rotação @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: RotationalSpeed(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a rotating element that represents the number of complete revolutions per unit time.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um elemento rotativo que representa o número de rotações completas por unidade de tempo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'rotational speed' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'velocidade de rotação' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

pumping function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pumping process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pumping process
label: função de bombeamento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of mechanical energy to a fluid to increase its pressure, velocity, or both.

compression function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: compression process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: compression process
label: função de compressão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the compression of a gas stream to increase its pressure for transport, injection, or processing.

heat transfer function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: heat transfer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: heat transfer
label: função de transferência de calor @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a HeatTransferProcess and that consists in facilitating the transfer of thermal energy between two or more fluid media while maintaining their physical separation.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a HeatTransferProcess and that consists in facilitating the transfer of thermal energy between two or more fluid media while maintaining their physical separation.

gas absorption function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: absorption process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: absorption process
label: função de absorção de gás @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the selective transfer of gaseous components from a gas phase into a liquid absorbent phase.

temperature sensing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: temperature sensing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: temperature sensing process
label: função de sensoriamento de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection and measurement of the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface.

pump
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pumping function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pumping function
label: bomba @pt-br
definition: A pump is an assembly that bears the designed function of adding mechanical energy to fluid for pressurization and transport.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Pump(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f (PumpingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A pump is an assembly that bears the designed function of adding mechanical energy to fluid for pressurization and transport.
natural language definition: Uma bomba é um conjunto que possui a função projetada de adicionar energia mecânica ao fluido para pressurização e transporte. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pump is an assembly that has the function of pumping fluid

compressor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: compression function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: compression function
definition: A compressor is an assembly that bears the designed function of compressing gases by adding mechanical energy to increase their pressure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Compressor(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(CompressionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A compressor is an assembly that bears the designed function of compressing gases by adding mechanical energy to increase their pressure.
natural language definition: Um compressor é um conjunto que possui a função projetada de comprimir gases através da adição de energia mecânica para aumentar sua pressão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every compressor is an assembly that bears a compression function and has component parts including a compressor casing, compression element, gas inlet, and gas outlet.

shell and tube heat exchanger
type: Class
subclass of: heat exchanger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: shell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: tube bundle
label: trocador de calor de casco e tubos @pt-br
definition: A shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle spatially contained within a surrounding shell.
first-order logic axiom: ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃tb(TubeBundle(tb) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,tb)) ∧ ∃s(Shell(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ spatiallyContains(s,tb))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle spatially contained within a surrounding shell.
natural language definition: Um trocador de calor de casco e tubos é um trocador de calor que possui um feixe de tubos contido espacialmente dentro de um casco envolvente. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type to avoid false positives under OWA. Any equipment with a shell and tube bundle could theoretically be classified as a standard shell-and-tube heat exchanger, but specialized variants (like graphite shell-and-tube or custom multi-stream designs) should not be automatically forced into this maintenance category without domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle as component part and has a shell as component part, where the tube bundle is spatially contained within the shell.

absorber
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pressure vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: gas absorption function
subclass of: pressure vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: gas absorption function
label: absorvedor @pt-br
definition: An absorber is a pressure vessel that realizes an absorption function for selective mass transfer of components from a fluid mixture into an absorbent phase.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Absorber(x) ↔ (PressureVessel(x) ∧ ∃f(GasAbsorptionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: An absorber is a pressure vessel that realizes an absorption function for selective mass transfer of components from a fluid mixture into an absorbent phase.
natural language definition: Um absorvedor é um vaso de pressão que realiza uma função de absorção para transferência seletiva de massa de componentes de uma mistura fluida para uma fase absorvente. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every absorber is a pressure vessel that has a gas-absorption function whose realization absorbs specific components from a fluid mixture through mass transfer to an absorbent phase

temperature element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: temperature sensing function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: temperature sensing function
label: elemento de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A temperature element is an instrument that bears a temperature sensing function.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(TemperatureElement(x) ↔ DetectingElement(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureSensingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A temperature element is an instrument that bears a temperature sensing function.
natural language definition: Um elemento de temperatura é um instrumento que possui uma função de sensoreamento de temperatura. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every temperature element is a detecting element that has the function to sense temperature

valve
type: Class
subclass of: flow-control device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow control function
label: válvula @pt-br
definition: A valve is an assembly that bears a flow control function to permit, obstruct, regulate, or divert fluid streams.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Valve(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A valve is an assembly that bears a flow control function to permit, obstruct, regulate, or divert fluid streams.
natural language definition: Uma válvula é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluxo para permitir, obstruir, regular ou desviar correntes de fluido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Might be too restrictive to define as sufficient being a material artifact and having a flow control function.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every valve is a material artifact that has the function to control fluid flow by permitting, obstructing, regulating, or diverting fluid streams.

valve body
type: Class
subclass of: containment device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: containment function
label: corpo de válvula @pt-br
definition: A ValveComponent that bears a ContainmentFunction and that serves as the main fluid and pressure containing component of a valve, housing and supporting the working components.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(ValveBody(x) → ValveComponent(x) ∧ ∃f(ContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃y(WorkingComponent(y) ∧ houses(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A ValveComponent that bears a ContainmentFunction and that serves as the main fluid and pressure containing component of a valve, housing and supporting the working components.
natural language definition: Um ValveComponent que porta uma ContainmentFunction e que serve como o principal componente de contenção de fluido e pressão de uma válvula, alojando e suportando os componentes de trabalho. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type - the structural characteristics of being the main pressure-containing housing component are necessary conditions but may not be sufficient under OWA, as various specialized valve body configurations exist that might contain additional components or have hybrid designs that could lead to false positive classifications.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every valve body is a valve component that contains and supports valve working components and bears the function of fluid and pressure containment.

seat
type: Class
subclass of: gasket
label: assento @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that has a sealing surface component and participates in valve closing processes, consisting in that part of a valve against which the closure element bears to provide tight shutoff.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Seat(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃y(SealingSurface(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(ValveClosingProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that has a sealing surface component and participates in valve closing processes, consisting in that part of a valve against which the closure element bears to provide tight shutoff.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que possui um componente de superfície de vedação e participa em processos de fechamento de válvulas, consistindo na parte da válvula contra a qual o elemento de fechamento se apoia para proporcionar vedação hermética. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on physical configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for 'seat' based solely on structural properties could lead to false positives where other valve components with sealing surfaces are incorrectly classified as seats.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every Seat is a MaterialArtifact that has some sealing surface component at all times and participates in some valve closing process.

filter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: filtration function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: filtration function
label: filtro @pt-br
definition: A filter is a separator that bears a filtration function to selectively remove unwanted constituents from a fluid stream using a filter element within a filter housing.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Filter(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(FiltrationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(FilterElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)) ∧ ∃h(FilterHousing(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h))))
natural language definition: A filter is a separator that bears a filtration function to selectively remove unwanted constituents from a fluid stream using a filter element within a filter housing.
natural language definition: Um filtro é um separador que possui uma função de filtração para remover seletivamente constituintes indesejados de um fluxo de fluido usando um elemento filtrante dentro de um alojamento de filtro. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every filter is a separator that has a filtration function and has a filter element as component part and has a filter housing as component part

flow measuring element
type: Class
subclass of: flow element
label: MeasuringElement que possui uma FlowMeasurementFunction e @pt-br
definition: A MeasuringElement that bears a FlowMeasurementFunction and that is designed to determine and quantify the rate of fluid flow through a system.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlowMeasuringElement(x) ↔ (MeasuringElement(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MeasuringElement that bears a FlowMeasurementFunction and that is designed to determine and quantify the rate of fluid flow through a system.
natural language definition: Um MeasuringElement que possui uma FlowMeasurementFunction e que é projetado para determinar e quantificar a taxa de fluxo de fluido através de um sistema. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every FlowMeasuringElement is a MeasuringElement that bears a FlowMeasurementFunction

flow modification accessory
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flow modification function
subclass of: flow-control device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow modification function
label: MaterialArtifact que possui uma FlowModificationFunction e @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears a FlowModificationFunction and that is used as a component in flow control assemblies to alter the characteristics of fluid flow such as velocity profile, turbulence, or pressure distribution.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlowModificationAccessory(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowModificationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears a FlowModificationFunction and that is used as a component in flow control assemblies to alter the characteristics of fluid flow such as velocity profile, turbulence, or pressure distribution.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma FlowModificationFunction e que é usado como componente em conjuntos de controle de fluxo para alterar as características do fluxo de fluido, como perfil de velocidade, turbulência ou distribuição de pressão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flow modification accessory is a MaterialArtifact that bears a FlowModificationFunction and participates in processes that alter fluid flow characteristics.

separator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: separation function
subclass of: strainer
subclass of: vessel
label: separador @pt-br
definition: A separator is a vessel that bears a SeparationFunction - designed to separate different substances or phases from a mixed fluid stream into distinct output streams.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Separator(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f (SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A separator is a vessel that bears a SeparationFunction - designed to separate different substances or phases from a mixed fluid stream into distinct output streams.
natural language definition: Um separador é um vaso que possui uma FunçãoDeSeparação - projetado para separar diferentes substâncias ou fases de uma corrente fluida mista em correntes de saída distintas. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every separator is a vessel that has the function of separating mixed fluid streams into distinct phases or components.

sight glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: visual inspection function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: visual inspection function
label: visor @pt-br
definition: An Instrument that bears a VisualInspectionFunction and that consists in a transparent viewing interface that enables direct optical observation of internal conditions, fluid properties, or process states within containers, vessels, or piping systems.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(SightGlass(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(VisualInspectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: An Instrument that bears a VisualInspectionFunction and that consists in a transparent viewing interface that enables direct optical observation of internal conditions, fluid properties, or process states within containers, vessels, or piping systems.
natural language definition: Um Instrumento que porta uma VisualInspectionFunction e que consiste em uma interface de visualização transparente que permite observação óptica direta de condições internas, propriedades de fluidos ou estados de processo dentro de recipientes, vasos ou sistemas de tubulação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every sight glass is an instrument that bears a visual inspection function and enables direct optical observation of process internals through a transparent viewing interface.

transformer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: electrical power transformation function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electrical power transformation function
label: transformador @pt-br
definition: A transformer is an electrical equipment that transforms electrical power from one circuit to another at the same frequency through electromagnetic induction using windings and a magnetic core.
natural language definition: A transformer is an electrical equipment that transforms electrical power from one circuit to another at the same frequency through electromagnetic induction using windings and a magnetic core.
natural language definition: Um transformador é um equipamento elétrico que transforma energia elétrica de um circuito para outro na mesma frequência através de indução eletromagnética usando enrolamentos e um núcleo magnético. @pt-br

control valve
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: process-controlled flow function
label: válvula de controle @pt-br
definition: A control valve is a valve that modulates flow rate in response to external control signals by means of an actuator-driven closure element.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A control valve is a valve that modulates flow rate in response to external control signals by means of an actuator-driven closure element.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de controle é uma válvula que modula a vazão em resposta a sinais de controle externos por meio de um elemento de fechamento acionado por atuador. @pt-br

isolation valve
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: válvula de isolamento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that bears a binary flow control function whose realization constitutes the complete opening or closing of a flow path to isolate a process segment in petroleum production equipment.

heat exchange
type: Class
subclass of: heat transfer
source: Green & Southard (eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 9th ed. §11 (heat transfer).
source: ODR-016 §A (HeatExchange leaf, Nível 2 Incremento 1a)
comment: A heat-transfer operation in which thermal energy is exchanged between two or more fluid streams, typically separated by a solid heat-transfer surface, without mixing those streams.
comment: Uma operação de transferência de calor na qual energia térmica é trocada entre dois ou mais fluidos, tipicamente separados por uma superfície sólida de troca de calor, sem mistura dessas correntes. @pt-br
label: troca de calor @pt-br
adapted from: McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §11–12 (heat transfer without/with phase change).
first order logic definition: ∀x (HeatExchange(x) ↔ HeatTransfer(x) ∧ ∃f1,f2,f3,f4(hasInput(x,f1) ∧ Fluid(f1) ∧ hasInput(x,f2) ∧ Fluid(f2) ∧ f1≠f2 ∧ hasOutput(x,f3) ∧ Fluid(f3) ∧ hasOutput(x,f4) ∧ Fluid(f4) ∧ f3≠f4 ∧ derivesFrom(f3,f1) ∧ derivesFrom(f4,f2) ∧ ¬∃c3(hasConstituent(f3,c3) ∧ ¬∃c1(hasConstituent(f1,c1) ∧ sameSubstance(c1,c3))) ∧ ¬∃c4(hasConstituent(f4,c4) ∧ ¬∃c2(hasConstituent(f2,c2) ∧ sameSubstance(c2,c4)))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A heat-transfer operation in which thermal energy is exchanged between two or more fluid streams, typically separated by a solid heat-transfer surface, without mixing those streams.
natural language definition: Uma operação de transferência de calor na qual energia térmica é trocada entre dois ou mais fluidos, tipicamente separados por uma superfície sólida de troca de calor, sem mistura dessas correntes. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Although a full first-order definition is available, OWL 2 DL carries only the genus (HeatTransfer); the pair-wise input–output correspondence (derivesFrom linking each output to its source input) and the cross-stream composition conservation (no constituent transferred between streams) are FOL-only constructs that exceed OWL 2 DL expressivity.
primitive rationale: Embora exista uma definição de primeira ordem completa, o OWL 2 DL carrega apenas o gênero (HeatTransfer); a correspondência par-a-par entrada–saída (derivesFrom ligando cada saída à sua entrada de origem) e a conservação de composição entre correntes (nenhum constituinte transferido entre as correntes) são construtos apenas-FOL que excedem a expressividade do OWL 2 DL. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language definition: x is a 'heat exchange' if and only if x is a 'heat transfer' in which two distinct fluid inputs each give rise to a corresponding fluid output of identical composition, with no constituent transferred between streams
semi-formal natural language definition: x é uma 'troca de calor' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de calor' na qual dois fluidos de entrada distintos dão origem cada um a um fluido de saída correspondente de composição idêntica, sem transferência de constituinte entre as correntes @pt-br

pressure vessel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure containment function
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure containment function
label: vaso de pressão @pt-br
definition: A pressure vessel is a vessel that bears a pressure containment function, designed to safely withstand internal and/or external pressure loads.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PressureVessel(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A pressure vessel is a vessel that bears a pressure containment function, designed to safely withstand internal and/or external pressure loads.
natural language definition: Um vaso de pressão é um vaso que possui uma função de contenção sob pressão, projetado para suportar com segurança cargas de pressão internas e/ou externas. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pressure vessel is a vessel that has a pressure containment function, and every vessel with a pressure containment function is a pressure vessel.

instrument
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: instrumentation function
subclass of: measurement instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: instrumentation function
source: ODR-018
comment: A material artifact designed to sense, measure, or indicate a physical quantity of a process stream or plant item.
comment: Um artefato material projetado para detectar, medir ou indicar uma grandeza física de uma corrente de processo ou item de planta. @pt-br
label: instrumento @pt-br
definition: An instrument is a material artifact that has the designed function to perform measurement, monitoring, or control of process variables.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Instrument(x) → MaterialArtifact(x))
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Instrument(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(InstrumentationFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A material artifact designed to sense, measure, or indicate a physical quantity of a process stream or plant item.
natural language definition: An instrument is a material artifact that has the designed function to perform measurement, monitoring, or control of process variables.
natural language definition: Um artefato material projetado para detectar, medir ou indicar uma grandeza física de uma corrente de processo ou item de planta. @pt-br
natural language definition: Um instrumento é um artefato material que tem a função projetada de realizar medição, monitoramento ou controle de variáveis de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: A diferença estrutural de detecção-ou-medição é expressa informalmente na NLD; OWL carrega apenas o gênero (MaterialArtifact). O eixo estrutural (Instrument) é ortogonal ao eixo funcional (MeasurementInstrument); um artefato é ambos simultaneamente — intencional (ODR-018). @pt-br
primitive rationale: The sensing-or-measuring structural differentia is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (MaterialArtifact). The structural axis (Instrument) is orthogonal to the functional axis (MeasurementInstrument); an artifact is both simultaneously — intended (ODR-018).
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every instrument is a material artifact that has an instrumentation function, and every material artifact that has an instrumentation function is an instrument.
semi-formal natural language axiom: if x is an 'instrument' then x is a 'material artifact'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se x é um 'instrumento', então x é um 'artefato material' @pt-br

heat exchanger
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pressure vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: heat transfer function
subclass of: heat-transfer device
subclass of: pressure vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: heat transfer function
label: trocador de calor @pt-br
definition: A heat exchanger is a pressure vessel that bears the designed function of transferring thermal energy between two or more fluid streams while maintaining their separation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (HeatExchanger(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(HeatTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A heat exchanger is a pressure vessel that bears the designed function of transferring thermal energy between two or more fluid streams while maintaining their separation.
natural language definition: Um trocador de calor é um vaso de pressão que possui a função projetada de transferir energia térmica entre duas ou mais correntes de fluido mantendo sua separação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every heat exchanger is an assembly that has the function of heat transfer and has component parts including heat transfer surfaces and fluid passages for separated streams.

angle valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula angular @pt-br
definition: An angle valve is a valve that has valve ports which are not in-line but arranged at an angle to each other.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (AngleValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃p (hasPart(x,p) ∧ NonInlinePortArrangement(p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An angle valve is a valve that has valve ports which are not in-line but arranged at an angle to each other.
natural language definition: Uma válvula angular é uma válvula que tem portas da válvula que não estão alinhadas, mas dispostas em ângulo uma em relação à outra. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by geometric configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for non-inline port arrangement could lead to false positives where complex multi-port manifolds or specialized valves with angular components get incorrectly classified as standard angle valves.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every angle valve is a valve that has a non-inline port arrangement.

ball control valve
type: Class
subclass of: control valve
label: válvula de controle esférica @pt-br
definition: A ball control valve is a control valve that uses a spherical ball closure element with rotary actuation to modulate fluid flow in response to control signals.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(BallControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃b(BallClosure(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b)) ∧ ∃a(RotaryActuator(a) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,a)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A ball control valve is a control valve that uses a spherical ball closure element with rotary actuation to modulate fluid flow in response to control signals.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de controle esférica é uma válvula de controle que usa um elemento de fechamento esférico com atuação rotativa para modular o fluxo de fluido em resposta a sinais de controle. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive subtype. While the ball closure mechanism is structurally distinctive, declaring equivalence could force classification of complex multi-way valves or specialized manifolds containing ball elements as standard ball control valves, which may not align with industrial maintenance categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: BallControlValve SubClassOf ControlValve and hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some BallClosure and hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some RotaryActuator

ball valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula esfera @pt-br
definition: A ball valve is a valve that controls fluid flow using a spherical ball closure member that rotates approximately 90 degrees to align or misalign its flow passage with the valve body ports.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(BallValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(BallClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(RotationalMotionProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A ball valve is a valve that controls fluid flow using a spherical ball closure member that rotates approximately 90 degrees to align or misalign its flow passage with the valve body ports.
natural language definition: Uma válvula esfera é uma válvula que controla o fluxo de fluidos usando um elemento de fechamento esférico que gira aproximadamente 90 graus para alinhar ou desalinhar sua passagem de fluxo com as portas do corpo da válvula. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As a constructive type defined by physical mechanism, sufficient conditions are omitted to avoid false positives under Open World Assumption. Complex multi-way valves or specialized equipment containing ball mechanisms should not be automatically classified as standard ball valves without domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every ball valve is a valve that has a ball closure component and participates in rotational motion processes

block and bleed valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula de bloqueio e sangria @pt-br
definition: A block and bleed valve is a valve that has one seat which provides a seal, and a bleeder line and valve that are tapped into the valve bonnet for controlled venting of downstream pressure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(BlockAndBleedValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃s(SingleSeat(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃l(BleederLine(l) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,l)) ∧ ∃v(BleederValve(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A block and bleed valve is a valve that has one seat which provides a seal, and a bleeder line and valve that are tapped into the valve bonnet for controlled venting of downstream pressure.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de bloqueio e sangria é uma válvula que possui um assento que fornece vedação, e uma linha de sangria e válvula que são conectadas ao castelo da válvula para ventilação controlada da pressão a jusante. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive types require necessary conditions only due to Open World Assumption. The structural differentia (single seat + bleeder system) could theoretically be present in specialized equipment that should not be classified as a standard block and bleed valve without domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every block and bleed valve is a valve that has component parts: exactly one seat, a bleeder line, and a bleeder valve integrated into the bonnet.

blow down valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: rapid depressurization function
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: rapid depressurization function
label: válvula de blow down @pt-br
definition: A blow down valve is a valve that bears a designed function for rapid depressurization of high pressure systems.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (BlowDownValve(x) ↔ Valve(x) ∧ ∃f (RapidDepressurizationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A blow down valve is a valve that bears a designed function for rapid depressurization of high pressure systems.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de blow down é uma válvula que possui uma função projetada para despressurização rápida de sistemas de alta pressão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every blow down valve is a valve that has the function of rapid depressurization.

blower
type: Class
subclass of: compressor
label: soprador @pt-br
definition: A blower is a compressor that compresses and supplies air or gas at medium pressure and medium volume flow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Blower(x) ↔ (Compressor(x) ∧ ∃f,p,v (CompressionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f) ∧ MediumPressureRange(p) ∧ MediumVolumeFlowRange(v) ∧ hasOperatingParameter(x,p) ∧ hasOperatingParameter(x,v))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A blower is a compressor that compresses and supplies air or gas at medium pressure and medium volume flow.
natural language definition: Um soprador é um compressor que comprime e fornece ar ou gás em pressão média e vazão volumétrica média. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every blower is a compressor that has the function of compressing gas and operates at medium pressure and medium volume flow ranges.

butterfly control valve
type: Class
subclass of: control valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: actuator
label: válvula borboleta de controle @pt-br
definition: A butterfly control valve is a control valve that has a rotating disc closure mechanism and bears a process-controlled flow function enabling automated flow modulation in response to external control signals.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(ButterflyControlValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃d(RotatingDisc(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃a(Actuator(a) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,a)) ∧ ∃f(ProcessControlledFlowFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A butterfly control valve is a control valve that has a rotating disc closure mechanism and bears a process-controlled flow function enabling automated flow modulation in response to external control signals.
natural language definition: Uma válvula borboleta de controle é uma válvula de controle que possui um mecanismo de fechamento por disco rotativo e possui uma função de fluxo controlado por processo, permitindo modulação automatizada do fluxo em resposta a sinais de controle externos. @pt-br
primitive rationale: This is a constructive type that combines two existing differentia (butterfly mechanism + control function). Under OWA, providing sufficient conditions could lead to false positives where any valve with both a rotating disc and control capability would be classified as this specific type, even if it has additional specialized features or hybrid mechanisms.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every butterfly control valve is a valve that has-component-part-at-all-times some rotating disc and has-component-part-at-all-times some actuator and bearer-of some process-controlled flow function.

butterfly valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula borboleta @pt-br
definition: A butterfly valve is a valve that has a disc-type closure member with a shaft parallel to the plane of the disc and an axis of rotation transverse to the flow direction.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ButterflyValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(DiscTypeClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(TransverseRotationAxis(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A butterfly valve is a valve that has a disc-type closure member with a shaft parallel to the plane of the disc and an axis of rotation transverse to the flow direction.
natural language definition: Uma válvula borboleta é uma válvula que possui um membro de fechamento tipo disco com haste paralela ao plano do disco e eixo de rotação transversal à direção do fluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: This is a constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under the Open World Assumption, any artifact with a disc-type closure and transverse rotation axis would be forced into the ButterflyValve class, including specialized hybrid equipment or custom manifolds containing butterfly mechanisms that should not be classified as standard butterfly valves for maintenance purposes.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every butterfly valve is a valve that has a disc-type closure member and has a transverse rotation axis.

centrifugal compressor
type: Class
subclass of: compressor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: centrifugal compressor casing
label: compressor centrífugo @pt-br
definition: A centrifugal compressor is a compressor that uses one or more centrifugal impellers to accelerate gas through radial flow and generate pressure increase by centrifugal action.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (CentrifugalCompressor(x) → Compressor(x) ∧ ∃i(CentrifugalImpeller(i) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,i)) ∧ ∃p(RadialFlowPattern(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A centrifugal compressor is a compressor that uses one or more centrifugal impellers to accelerate gas through radial flow and generate pressure increase by centrifugal action.
natural language definition: Um compressor centrífugo é um compressor que usa um ou mais impelidores centrífugos para acelerar o gás através de fluxo radial e gerar aumento de pressão por ação centrífuga. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type because under OWA, any equipment with a centrifugal impeller could be incorrectly classified as a standard centrifugal compressor, including specialized hybrid equipment or multi-stage systems that contain centrifugal elements but should not be forced into this maintenance category. Domain expert validation needed to confirm structural differentia is sufficient.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every centrifugal compressor is a compressor that has component part at all times some centrifugal impeller and participates in some radial flow pattern.

centrifugal pump
type: Class
subclass of: pump
label: bomba centrífuga @pt-br
definition: A centrifugal pump is a pump that uses centrifugal force generated by rotating impellers with vanes to increase fluid pressure through a volute casing.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CentrifugalPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃y(CentrifugalImpeller(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(VoluteCasing(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A centrifugal pump is a pump that uses centrifugal force generated by rotating impellers with vanes to increase fluid pressure through a volute casing.
natural language definition: Uma bomba centrífuga é uma bomba que usa força centrífuga gerada por impulsores rotativos com pás para aumentar a pressão do fluido através de uma carcaça voluta. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any equipment with centrifugal impellers and volute casing could be inferred as a standard centrifugal pump, potentially misclassifying specialized hybrid equipment or complex pump systems that contain centrifugal stages but serve different operational roles.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every centrifugal pump is a pump that has a centrifugal impeller as component part at all times and has a volute casing as component part at all times.

check valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: backflow prevention function
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: backflow prevention function
label: válvula de retenção @pt-br
definition: A check valve is a valve that bears a backflow prevention function, automatically permitting fluid to flow in one direction only while preventing reverse flow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CheckValve(x) ↔ Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(BackflowPreventionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A check valve is a valve that bears a backflow prevention function, automatically permitting fluid to flow in one direction only while preventing reverse flow.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de retenção é uma válvula que possui uma função de prevenção de refluxo, permitindo automaticamente que o fluido flua em apenas uma direção enquanto previne o fluxo reverso. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every check valve is a valve that has the function to prevent backflow and automatically allow unidirectional fluid flow.

choke control valve
type: Class
subclass of: control valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: actuator
label: válvula de controle de choke @pt-br
definition: A choke control valve is a control valve that has a choke geometry component for pressure reduction through flow restriction.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ChokeControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃y (ChokeGeometry(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A choke control valve is a control valve that has a choke geometry component for pressure reduction through flow restriction.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de controle de choke é uma válvula de controle que possui um componente de geometria de choke para redução de pressão através de restrição de fluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is classified as 'both' functional and constructive. The constructive differentia (choke geometry) makes it safer to use necessary conditions to avoid forcing all valves with choke components into this specific control category under the Open World Assumption.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every choke control valve is a control valve that has a choke geometry component at all times.

choke valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure reduction function
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure reduction function
label: válvula choke @pt-br
definition: A choke valve is a valve that bears a pressure reduction function, designed to reduce fluid pressure from inlet to outlet through controlled flow restriction and energy dissipation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ChokeValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureReductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A choke valve is a valve that bears a pressure reduction function, designed to reduce fluid pressure from inlet to outlet through controlled flow restriction and energy dissipation.
natural language definition: Uma válvula choke é uma válvula que possui uma função de redução de pressão, projetada para reduzir a pressão do fluido da entrada para a saída através de restrição controlada do fluxo e dissipação de energia. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every choke valve is a valve that bears a pressure reduction function and has a flow restriction element as component part at all times.

circuit breaker
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: electrical current interruption function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electrical current interruption function
label: disjuntor @pt-br
definition: A circuit breaker is a material artifact that bears an electrical current interruption function and regularly participates in processes that safely interrupt electrical current.
natural language definition: A circuit breaker is a material artifact that bears an electrical current interruption function and regularly participates in processes that safely interrupt electrical current.
natural language definition: Um disjuntor é um dispositivo de chaveamento elétrico que possui uma função de interrupção de corrente elétrica e participa regularmente em processos que interrompem com segurança a corrente elétrica. @pt-br

coalescer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: coalescence function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: coalescence function
label: coalescedor @pt-br
definition: A coalescer is a separator that uses coalescence media to promote droplet merger in immiscible liquid mixtures, enabling gravity-based separation where the less dense liquid phase can be skimmed off.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Coalescer(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(CoalescenceFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(GravitySeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃o(SkimmableLiquidPortion(o) ∧ hasOutput(x,o))))
natural language definition: A coalescer is a separator that uses coalescence media to promote droplet merger in immiscible liquid mixtures, enabling gravity-based separation where the less dense liquid phase can be skimmed off.
natural language definition: Um coalescedor é um separador que usa meio de coalescência para promover a fusão de gotículas em misturas líquidas imiscíveis, permitindo separação por gravidade onde a fase líquida menos densa pode ser removida por escumação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every coalescer is a separator that bears a coalescence function and participates in gravity separation processes to produce skimmable liquid portions.

diaphragm valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: port
label: válvula de diafragma @pt-br
definition: A diaphragm valve is a valve that uses a resilient diaphragm forced against a port as its closure mechanism to control fluid flow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (DiaphragmValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃d,p (ResilientDiaphragm(d) ∧ Port(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A diaphragm valve is a valve that uses a resilient diaphragm forced against a port as its closure mechanism to control fluid flow.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de diafragma é uma válvula que usa um diafragma resiliente forçado contra uma porta como seu mecanismo de fechamento para controlar o fluxo de fluido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Since this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism (diaphragm closure), necessary conditions are used to avoid over-classification under the Open World Assumption. Not every equipment with a diaphragm component should automatically be classified as a diaphragm valve - the structural differentia requires domain validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every diaphragm valve is a valve that has a resilient diaphragm as component part and has a port as component part and participates in diaphragm closure processes.

differential pressure gauge
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pressure gauge
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: differential pressure measuring element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: differential pressure measurement function
subclass of: pressure gauge
subclass of: differential pressure measuring element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: differential pressure measuring element
label: manômetro de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A differential pressure gauge is a pressure gauge that measures and indicates the difference between two pressure inputs using a differential pressure measuring element.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (DifferentialPressureGauge(x) ↔ PressureGauge(x) ∧ ∃f(DifferentialPressureMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(DifferentialPressureMeasuringElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)) ∧ ∃p(PressurePortPair(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
natural language definition: A differential pressure gauge is a pressure gauge that measures and indicates the difference between two pressure inputs using a differential pressure measuring element.
natural language definition: Um manômetro de pressão diferencial é um manômetro que mede e indica a diferença entre duas entradas de pressão usando um elemento de medição de pressão diferencial. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every differential pressure gauge is a pressure gauge that bears a DifferentialPressureMeasurementFunction and has component parts including a DifferentialPressureMeasuringElement and PressurePortPair.

differential pressure transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pressure transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: differential pressure transmission function
subclass of: pressure transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: differential pressure transmission function
label: transmissor de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A differential pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that bears a differential pressure transmission function, enabling it to measure the pressure difference between two input pressure signals and transmit this difference as a standardized output signal.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (DifferentialPressureTransmitter(x) ↔ PressureTransmitter(x) ∧ ∃f (DifferentialPressureTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A differential pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that bears a differential pressure transmission function, enabling it to measure the pressure difference between two input pressure signals and transmit this difference as a standardized output signal.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de pressão diferencial é um transmissor de pressão que possui uma função de transmissão de pressão diferencial, permitindo medir a diferença de pressão entre dois sinais de pressão de entrada e transmitir essa diferença como um sinal de saída padronizado. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every differential pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that bears a differential pressure transmission function

double block and bleed valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula de bloqueio duplo e sangria @pt-br
definition: A double block and bleed valve is a valve that incorporates two seats each providing sealing capability and includes a means of venting the space between the seats.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (DoubleBlockAndBleedValve(x) → (Valve(x) ∧ ∃p,s,b (PrimarySeat(p) ∧ SecondarySeat(s) ∧ BleedPort(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A double block and bleed valve is a valve that incorporates two seats each providing sealing capability and includes a means of venting the space between the seats.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de bloqueio duplo e sangria é uma válvula que incorpora duas sedes, cada uma proporcionando capacidade de vedação, e inclui um meio de ventilação do espaço entre as sedes. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive basis - the structural differentia (dual seats plus bleed port) defines necessary conditions, but under OWA we cannot assert that ANY artifact with these structural components is definitively a double block and bleed valve, as specialized multi-way valves or custom manifolds might contain similar mechanisms without being standard maintenance categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every double block and bleed valve is a valve that has a primary seat and has a secondary seat and has a bleed port.

down hole safety valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: safety valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: subsurface safety function
subclass of: safety relief valve
subclass of: safety valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: subsurface safety function
label: válvula de segurança de fundo de poço @pt-br
definition: A down hole safety valve is a safety valve that bears a subsurface safety function for pressure relief and flow control operations in wellbore or other subsurface environments.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(DownHoleSafetyValve(x) ↔ SafetyValve(x) ∧ ∃f(SubsurfaceSafetyFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(SubsurfaceOperationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
natural language definition: A down hole safety valve is a safety valve that bears a subsurface safety function for pressure relief and flow control operations in wellbore or other subsurface environments.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de segurança de fundo de poço é uma válvula de segurança que possui uma função de segurança subsuperficial para operações de alívio de pressão e controle de fluxo em poços ou outros ambientes subsuperficiais. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every down hole safety valve is a safety valve that bears a SubsurfaceSafetyFunction and participates in SubsurfaceOperationProcess

electric motor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: electric to mechanical conversion function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electric to mechanical conversion function
label: motor elétrico @pt-br
definition: An electric motor is an assembly that bears an electric-to-mechanical energy conversion function and has both a stator and rotor as essential components.
first-order logic axiom: ElectricMotor(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ElectricToMechanicalConversionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(Stator(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃r(Rotor(r) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r))
natural language definition: An electric motor is an assembly that bears an electric-to-mechanical energy conversion function and has both a stator and rotor as essential components.
natural language definition: Um motor elétrico é um conjunto que possui uma função de conversão de energia elétrica para mecânica e tem tanto um estator quanto um rotor como componentes essenciais. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every electric motor is an assembly that bears an electric-to-mechanical conversion function and has component parts including a stator and rotor at all times.

emergency shut down valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: emergency shut down function
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: emergency shut down function
label: válvula de parada de emergência @pt-br
definition: An emergency shut down valve is a valve that bears an emergency shut down function, enabling rapid flow isolation in emergency situations through actuated mechanisms with fail-safe capability.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (EmergencyShutDownValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(EmergencyShutDownFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: An emergency shut down valve is a valve that bears an emergency shut down function, enabling rapid flow isolation in emergency situations through actuated mechanisms with fail-safe capability.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de parada de emergência é uma válvula que possui uma função de parada de emergência, permitindo o isolamento rápido de fluxo em situações de emergência através de mecanismos atuados com capacidade à prova de falhas. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every emergency shut down valve is a valve that has an emergency shut down function and has an actuator and has a fail-safe system.

fan
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: gas movement function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: gas movement function
label: ventilador @pt-br
definition: A fan is an assembly that bears a gas movement function for delivering or exhausting volumes of vapor or gas at low differential pressure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Fan(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(GasMovementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A fan is an assembly that bears a gas movement function for delivering or exhausting volumes of vapor or gas at low differential pressure.
natural language definition: Um ventilador é um conjunto que possui uma função de movimentação de gás para fornecer ou exaurir volumes de vapor ou gás com baixa pressão diferencial. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every fan is an assembly that bears a gas movement function, and every assembly that bears a gas movement function is a fan.

flow element
type: Class
subclass of: flow meter
label: elemento de vazão @pt-br
definition: A flow element is an instrument that has the function to measure flow rates in a flowstream and produce signals proportional to the measured flow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlowElement(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A flow element is an instrument that has the function to measure flow rates in a flowstream and produce signals proportional to the measured flow.
natural language definition: Um elemento de vazão é um instrumento que tem a função de medir vazões em um fluxo e produzir sinais proporcionais à vazão medida. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flow element is an instrument that bears a FlowMeasurementFunction and has component parts including a FlowSensingElement and SignalGenerationComponent.

flow indicator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: indicator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: flow measuring element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flow indication function
subclass of: indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: flow measuring element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow indication function
label: indicador de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A flow indicator is an indicator that is designed to indicate flow rates using a flow measuring element and display element.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (FlowIndicator(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowIndicationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(FlowMeasuringElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtSomeTime(x,e)) ∧ ∃d(DisplayElement(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d))))
natural language definition: A flow indicator is an indicator that is designed to indicate flow rates using a flow measuring element and display element.
natural language definition: Um indicador de fluxo é um indicador projetado para indicar taxas de fluxo usando um elemento de medição de fluxo e elemento de exibição. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flow indicator is an instrument that bears a flow indication function and has a flow measuring element and display element as component parts.

flow transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flow signal transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow signal transmission function
label: transmissor de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A flow transmitter is a transmitter that produces standardized output signals proportional to flow measurements from flow sensing elements.
natural language definition: A flow transmitter is a transmitter that produces standardized output signals proportional to flow measurements from flow sensing elements.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de fluxo é um transmissor que produz sinais de saída padronizados proporcionais às medições de fluxo provenientes de elementos sensores de fluxo. @pt-br

gate control valve
type: Class
subclass of: control valve
label: válvula de controle tipo gaveta @pt-br
definition: A gate control valve is a control valve that uses a gate or wedge closure element moving perpendicular to the flow path to modulate fluid flow in response to control signals.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(GateControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃g(GateClosureMechanism(g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A gate control valve is a control valve that uses a gate or wedge closure element moving perpendicular to the flow path to modulate fluid flow in response to control signals.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de controle tipo gaveta é uma válvula de controle que usa um elemento de fechamento tipo gaveta ou cunha movendo-se perpendicular ao caminho do fluxo para modular o fluxo de fluido em resposta a sinais de controle. @pt-br
primitive rationale: This is a constructive subtype where the structural differentia (gate closure mechanism) defines necessary conditions. Under OWA, making this sufficient could force any assembly with a gate closure into this maintenance category, including specialized multi-way valves or custom manifolds that should not be classified as standard gate control valves.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gate control valve is a control valve that has a gate closure mechanism as component part at all times

gate valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: valve seat
label: válvula gaveta @pt-br
definition: A gate valve is a valve that has a gate or disc closure member with linear motion parallel to the plane of flat seats, which are transverse to the direction of flow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (GateValve(x) → (Valve(x) ∧ ∃g(GateClosure(g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g)) ∧ ∃m(LinearActuationMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A gate valve is a valve that has a gate or disc closure member with linear motion parallel to the plane of flat seats, which are transverse to the direction of flow.
natural language definition: Uma válvula gaveta é uma válvula que possui um membro de fechamento tipo gaveta ou disco com movimento linear paralelo ao plano dos assentos planos, que são transversais à direção do fluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions for structural features like 'linear sliding gate' risks false positives from complex hybrid equipment or custom manifolds that contain gate mechanisms but should not be classified as standard gate valves. Necessary conditions provide safer classification that can be validated by domain experts.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gate valve is a valve that has a gate closure component and a linear actuation mechanism.

gearbox
type: Class
subclass of: drive shaft
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: gear wheel
label: caixa de engrenagens @pt-br
definition: A gearbox is an assembly that consists of a gear casing containing an arrangement of two or more gear-wheels that transmit rotating motion from an input shaft to an output shaft.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A gearbox is an assembly that consists of a gear casing containing an arrangement of two or more gear-wheels that transmit rotating motion from an input shaft to an output shaft.
natural language definition: Uma caixa de engrenagens é um conjunto que consiste em um invólucro de engrenagens contendo um arranjo de duas ou mais rodas de engrenagem que transmitem movimento rotativo de um eixo de entrada para um eixo de saída. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type because the structural differentia (specific gear casing and gear-wheel arrangement) is complex and making it sufficient under Open World Assumption could lead to false positives - specialized equipment containing gear mechanisms might be incorrectly classified as standard gearboxes.

globe control valve
type: Class
subclass of: control valve
label: válvula de controle globo @pt-br
definition: A globe control valve is a control valve that has a globe-shaped body and uses linear motion closure mechanism to modulate fluid flow in response to process control signals.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (GlobeControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃y,z (GlobeValveBody(y) ∧ LinearMotionClosure(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A globe control valve is a control valve that has a globe-shaped body and uses linear motion closure mechanism to modulate fluid flow in response to process control signals.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de controle globo é uma válvula de controle que possui um corpo em formato de globo e usa um mecanismo de fechamento de movimento linear para modular o fluxo de fluido em resposta a sinais de controle de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive subtype (both classification basis). The structural differentia (globe body + linear closure) provides strong necessary conditions, but declaring sufficiency under OWA could lead to unwanted automatic classification of specialized equipment that contains globe mechanisms but should not be categorized as standard globe control valves.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every globe control valve is a control valve that has a globe valve body and has a linear motion closure as component parts at all times.

globe valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula globo @pt-br
definition: A globe valve is a valve characterized by a closure member (disc or plug) that operates with linear motion perpendicular to a seat that is oriented normal to the fluid flow path.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(GlobeValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y,z(hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y) ∧ LinearMotionClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z) ∧ NormalSeat(z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A globe valve is a valve characterized by a closure member (disc or plug) that operates with linear motion perpendicular to a seat that is oriented normal to the fluid flow path.
natural language definition: Uma válvula globo é uma válvula caracterizada por um elemento de fechamento (disco ou tampão) que opera com movimento linear perpendicular a uma sede orientada normal ao caminho do fluxo do fluido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. Under OWA, making the structural differentia sufficient could force classification of specialized equipment containing linear motion closures (like complex multi-way valves or custom manifolds) as standard globe valves when they may warrant distinct maintenance categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every globe valve is a valve that has as component part at all times a linear motion closure and a normal seat.

heater
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: heating function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: heating function
label: aquecedor @pt-br
definition: A heater is an assembly that bears a heating function to add thermal energy to a medium.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Heater(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(HeatingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A heater is an assembly that bears a heating function to add thermal energy to a medium.
natural language definition: Um aquecedor é um conjunto que possui uma função de aquecimento para adicionar energia térmica a um meio. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every heater is an assembly that bears a heating function and has heating elements and housing as component parts at all times

humidity analyser
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: humidity measurement function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: humidity measurement function
label: analisador de umidade @pt-br
definition: A humidity analyser is an instrument designed to measure and indicate humidity or moisture content in process streams or environments.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (HumidityAnalyser(x) ↔ ProcessAnalyzer(x) ∧ ∃f (HumidityMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
natural language definition: A humidity analyser is an instrument designed to measure and indicate humidity or moisture content in process streams or environments.
natural language definition: Um analisador de umidade é um analisador de processo que é projetado para medir e indicar o conteúdo de umidade ou vapor d'água em correntes de processo ou ambientes. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every humidity analyser is a process analyzer that has the function to measure humidity content.

in line filter
type: Class
subclass of: filter
label: filtro em linha @pt-br
definition: An in-line filter is a filter that is installed directly within a fluid line and supported by connected piping or equipment, designed to remove particles or contaminants from fluid streams during normal flow operations.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (InLineFilter(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃m,e (InLineInstallation(m) ∧ ConnectedEquipment(e) ∧ hasInstallationMethod(x,m) ∧ supportedBy(x,e)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An in-line filter is a filter that is installed directly within a fluid line and supported by connected piping or equipment, designed to remove particles or contaminants from fluid streams during normal flow operations.
natural language definition: Um filtro em linha é um filtro que é instalado diretamente dentro de uma linha de fluido e suportado por tubulações ou equipamentos conectados, projetado para remover partículas ou contaminantes de correntes de fluido durante operações normais de fluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical installation configuration. Under OWA, any filter with in-line connections and piping support could be classified as in-line filter, but specialized hybrid equipment or custom installations might have these features without belonging to the standard in-line filter maintenance category. Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every in-line filter is a filter that has an in-line installation method and is supported by connected equipment.

indicator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: indication function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: indication function
label: indicador @pt-br
definition: An indicator is an instrument that displays or shows the value or status of a measured variable or condition to make it perceptible to operators.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Indicator(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(IndicationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: An indicator is an instrument that displays or shows the value or status of a measured variable or condition to make it perceptible to operators.
natural language definition: Um indicador é um instrumento que exibe ou mostra o valor ou status de uma variável medida ou condição para torná-la perceptível aos operadores. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every indicator is an instrument that bears an indication function to display process information in human-perceptible form.

level element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: level detection function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: level detection function
label: elemento de nível @pt-br
definition: A level element is an instrument that bears a level detection function for determining fluid level in a vessel or container.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (LevelElement(x) ↔ Detector(x) ∧ ∃f(LevelDetectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A level element is an instrument that bears a level detection function for determining fluid level in a vessel or container.
natural language definition: Um elemento de nível é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção de nível para determinar o nível de fluido em um vaso ou recipiente. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every level element is a detector that has the function to detect fluid level

level indicator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: indicator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: level indication function
subclass of: indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: level indication function
label: indicador de nível @pt-br
definition: A level indicator is an indicator that measures and locally displays the level of liquid or bulk solid material in a vessel or tank.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (LevelIndicator(x) ↔ (Indicator(x) ∧ ∃f (LevelIndicationFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f))))
natural language definition: A level indicator is an indicator that measures and locally displays the level of liquid or bulk solid material in a vessel or tank.
natural language definition: Um indicador de nível é um indicador que mede e exibe localmente o nível de material líquido ou sólido a granel em um vaso ou tanque. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every level indicator is an indicator that has the function to measure and locally indicate level.

level sight glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: sight glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: level indication function
subclass of: sight glass
subclass of: level indicator
label: visor de nível @pt-br
definition: A level sight glass is a sight glass that bears a designed function to indicate liquid level through visual inspection.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (LevelSightGlass(x) ↔ SightGlass(x) ∧ ∃f (LevelIndicationFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
natural language definition: A level sight glass is a sight glass that bears a designed function to indicate liquid level through visual inspection.
natural language definition: Um visor de nível é um visor que possui uma função projetada para indicar o nível de líquido através de inspeção visual. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every level sight glass is a sight glass that has the function of level indication.

level transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: level measurement and transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: level measurement and transmission function
label: transmissor de nível @pt-br
definition: A level transmitter is a transmitter that measures the level (height) of liquid or bulk solid material in a container and produces a standardized electrical output signal proportional to the measured level.
natural language definition: A level transmitter is a transmitter that measures the level (height) of liquid or bulk solid material in a container and produces a standardized electrical output signal proportional to the measured level.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de nível é um transmissor que mede o nível (altura) de material líquido ou sólido a granel em um recipiente e produz um sinal elétrico de saída padronizado proporcional ao nível medido. @pt-br

limit switch
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: position limit detection function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: position limit detection function
definition: A limit switch is an instrument that bears a position limit detection function, mechanically actuated by object motion to provide electrical switching signals when predetermined position limits are reached.
natural language definition: A limit switch is an instrument that bears a position limit detection function, mechanically actuated by object motion to provide electrical switching signals when predetermined position limits are reached.
natural language definition: Um limit switch é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção de limite de posição, acionado mecanicamente pelo movimento de objetos para fornecer sinais de chaveamento elétrico quando limites de posição predeterminados são atingidos. @pt-br

manual valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula manual @pt-br
definition: A manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator requiring hand power for operation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(ManualValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(ManualActuator(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator requiring hand power for operation.
natural language definition: Uma válvula manual é uma válvula que possui um atuador manual que requer força manual para operação. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on actuation mechanism. Under OWA, any valve with a manual actuator component might be classified as manual valve even if it has additional automated features (hybrid valves). Starting with necessary conditions allows domain experts to validate that manual actuation is both necessary and sufficient before upgrading to equivalent axiom.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator as component part.

needle valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula agulha @pt-br
definition: A needle valve is a valve that has a conical needle-shaped closure member that seats into a small orifice to provide precise flow control.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(NeedleValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(NeedlePlug(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(SmallOrificeSeat(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A needle valve is a valve that has a conical needle-shaped closure member that seats into a small orifice to provide precise flow control.
natural language definition: Uma válvula agulha é uma válvula que possui um membro de fechamento cônico em forma de agulha que se assenta em um pequeno orifício para fornecer controle preciso de fluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As a constructive type defined by specific structural features (needle plug geometry), providing sufficient conditions under the Open World Assumption could lead to over-classification. Complex valve assemblies or custom equipment containing needle-like mechanisms might be incorrectly classified as standard needle valves for maintenance purposes.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every needle valve is a valve that has a needle plug component and has a small orifice seat component.

on off control valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: control valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: binary flow control function
subclass of: control valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: binary flow control function
label: válvula de controle liga-desliga @pt-br
definition: An on-off control valve is a control valve that bears a binary flow control function, having only two defined positions: fully open and fully closed.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(OnOffControlValve(x) ↔ ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃f(BinaryFlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: An on-off control valve is a control valve that bears a binary flow control function, having only two defined positions: fully open and fully closed.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de controle liga-desliga é uma válvula de controle que possui uma função de controle de fluxo binária, tendo apenas duas posições definidas: totalmente aberta e totalmente fechada. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every on-off control valve is a control valve that has a BinaryFlowControlFunction and has component part a BinaryPositioner.

orifice plate
type: Class
subclass of: flow measuring element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: thin plate
label: placa de orifício @pt-br
definition: An orifice plate is a flow measuring element that consists of a thin plate with a specified hole through which fluid flows to create differential pressure for flow rate measurement.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(OrificePlate(x) → FlowMeasuringElement(x) ∧ ∃p,h(ThinPlate(p) ∧ SpecifiedHole(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h)) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An orifice plate is a flow measuring element that consists of a thin plate with a specified hole through which fluid flows to create differential pressure for flow rate measurement.
natural language definition: Uma placa de orifício é um elemento de medição de fluxo que consiste de uma placa fina com um orifício especificado através do qual o fluido flui para criar pressão diferencial para medição da taxa de fluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on physical structure. Under OWA, any plate with a hole could potentially be classified as an orifice plate, but many perforated plates serve different purposes (structural, filtering, etc.). The structural differentia alone is not sufficient without industrial context validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every orifice plate is a flow measuring element that has a thin plate component and has a specified hole component and bears a flow measurement function.

phase sequence meter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: phase sequence measurement function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: phase sequence measurement function
label: medidor de sequência de fases @pt-br
definition: A phase sequence meter is an electric measuring instrument that bears a phase sequence measurement function to determine and indicate the sequence in which the instantaneous voltages of phase conductors reach their maximum value in a polyphase electrical system.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PhaseSequenceMeter(x) ↔ ElectricMeasuringInstrument(x) ∧ ∃f(PhaseSequenceMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(PolyphaseElectricalSignal(s) ∧ hasInput(x,s)))
natural language definition: A phase sequence meter is an electric measuring instrument that bears a phase sequence measurement function to determine and indicate the sequence in which the instantaneous voltages of phase conductors reach their maximum value in a polyphase electrical system.
natural language definition: Um medidor de sequência de fases é um instrumento de medição elétrica que possui uma função de medição de sequência de fases para determinar e indicar a sequência na qual as tensões instantâneas dos condutores de fase atingem seu valor máximo em um sistema elétrico polifásico. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every phase sequence meter is an electric measuring instrument that has the function to measure phase sequence and has as input polyphase electrical signals.

piston check valve
type: Class
subclass of: check valve
label: válvula de retenção tipo pistão @pt-br
definition: A piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston-type closure member that moves linearly along the flow axis under gravity or spring loading to prevent backflow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PistonCheckValve(x) → CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃y(PistonClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston-type closure member that moves linearly along the flow axis under gravity or spring loading to prevent backflow.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de retenção tipo pistão é uma válvula de retenção que possui um elemento de fechamento tipo pistão que se move linearmente ao longo do eixo de fluxo sob ação da gravidade ou mola para prevenir refluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any artifact with a piston closure could potentially be classified as piston check valve, but specialized hybrid valves or custom manifolds containing piston mechanisms should not be automatically asserted into this standard maintenance category without domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston closure as component part.

plate heat exchanger
type: Class
subclass of: heat exchanger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: heat transfer plate
label: trocador de calor de placas @pt-br
definition: A plate heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has heat transfer plates as its primary heat transfer surface.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PlateHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃p(HeatTransferPlate(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A plate heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has heat transfer plates as its primary heat transfer surface.
natural language definition: Um trocador de calor de placas é um trocador de calor que possui placas de transferência de calor como sua superfície primária de transferência de calor. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the plate-based structure is characteristic, under the Open World Assumption, asserting equivalence could lead to false positives where any equipment with heat transfer plates (e.g., specialized hybrid equipment, multi-function process units) would be automatically classified as a standard plate heat exchanger. Domain expert validation is needed to confirm the structural differentia is sufficient.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every plate heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has component part heat transfer plates at all times.

plug valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: valve seat
label: válvula plug @pt-br
definition: A plug valve is a valve that has a cylindrical or tapered plug closure member which operates by quarter-turn rotation on its axis to control fluid flow by sealing against a seat.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PlugValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃p(PlugClosure(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)) ∧ ∃r(QuarterTurnRotationProcess(r) ∧ participatesIn(x,r)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A plug valve is a valve that has a cylindrical or tapered plug closure member which operates by quarter-turn rotation on its axis to control fluid flow by sealing against a seat.
natural language definition: Uma válvula plug é uma válvula que possui um elemento de fechamento em forma de plugue cilíndrico ou cônico que opera por rotação de um quarto de volta em seu eixo para controlar o fluxo de fluido selando contra um assento. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification requires necessary conditions only. Under OWA, any artifact with a plug closure and quarter-turn mechanism would be forcibly classified as a plug valve, but specialized multi-port valves or custom manifolds containing plug mechanisms should not automatically inherit the standard plug valve classification without domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every plug valve is a valve that has a plug closure component and participates in quarter-turn rotation processes

power transformer
type: Class
subclass of: transformer
label: transformador de potência @pt-br
definition: A power transformer is a transformer that bears an electrical power transformation function, realized by electromagnetic induction to transform alternating voltage and current systems to different levels at the same frequency for power transmission purposes.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A power transformer is a transformer that bears an electrical power transformation function, realized by electromagnetic induction to transform alternating voltage and current systems to different levels at the same frequency for power transmission purposes.
natural language definition: Um transformador de potência é um transformador que possui uma função de transformação de energia elétrica, realizada por indução eletromagnética para transformar sistemas de tensão e corrente alternadas para diferentes níveis na mesma frequência para fins de transmissão de energia. @pt-br

pressure element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure sensing function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure sensing function
label: elemento de pressão @pt-br
definition: A pressure element is an instrument that bears a pressure sensing function.
natural language definition: A pressure element is an instrument that bears a pressure sensing function.
natural language definition: Um elemento de pressão é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção de pressão. @pt-br

pressure gauge
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: indicator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure measurement function
subclass of: indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure measurement function
label: manômetro @pt-br
definition: A pressure gauge is an indicator that bears the function of measuring and displaying pressure values.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PressureGauge(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A pressure gauge is an indicator that bears the function of measuring and displaying pressure values.
natural language definition: Um manômetro é um indicador que possui a função de medir e exibir valores de pressão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pressure gauge is an instrument that has the function to measure and display pressure

pressure transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure transmission function
label: transmissor de pressão @pt-br
definition: A pressure transmitter is a transmitter that converts pressure measurements into standardized output signals for transmission to control or monitoring systems.
natural language definition: A pressure transmitter is a transmitter that converts pressure measurements into standardized output signals for transmission to control or monitoring systems.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de pressão é um transmissor que converte medições de pressão em sinais de saída padronizados para transmissão a sistemas de controle ou monitoramento. @pt-br

relief valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure relief function
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure relief function
label: válvula de alívio @pt-br
definition: A relief valve is a valve that is designed to automatically open at a predetermined pressure setpoint to relieve excess pressure and prevent unsafe pressure levels in a system.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ReliefValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A relief valve is a valve that is designed to automatically open at a predetermined pressure setpoint to relieve excess pressure and prevent unsafe pressure levels in a system.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de alívio é uma válvula projetada para abrir automaticamente em um ponto de ajuste de pressão predeterminado para aliviar o excesso de pressão e prevenir níveis de pressão inseguros em um sistema. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every relief valve is a valve that bears a pressure relief function, which realizes a pressure relief process that automatically opens the valve when system pressure exceeds a predetermined setpoint.

restriction orifice
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: flow modification accessory
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flow restriction function
subclass of: flow modification accessory
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow restriction function
label: orifício de restrição @pt-br
definition: A restriction orifice is a flow modification accessory that bears the function to restrict fluid flow by creating controlled pressure drop through geometric constriction.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(RestrictionOrifice(x) ↔ FlowModificationAccessory(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowRestrictionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A restriction orifice is a flow modification accessory that bears the function to restrict fluid flow by creating controlled pressure drop through geometric constriction.
natural language definition: Um orifício de restrição é um acessório de modificação de fluxo que possui a função de restringir o fluxo de fluido criando queda de pressão controlada através de constrição geométrica. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every restriction orifice is a flow modification accessory that bears a flow restriction function

safety relief valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: safety relief function
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: safety relief function
label: válvula de segurança e alívio @pt-br
definition: A safety relief valve is a valve that bears a safety relief function combining both safety protection and pressure relief capabilities.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(SafetyReliefValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(SafetyReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A safety relief valve is a valve that bears a safety relief function combining both safety protection and pressure relief capabilities.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de segurança e alívio é uma válvula que possui uma função de alívio de segurança que combina capacidades de proteção de segurança e alívio de pressão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every safety relief valve is a valve that has the function of providing both safety protection and pressure relief.

safety valve
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: safety venting function
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: safety venting function
label: válvula de segurança @pt-br
definition: A safety valve is a valve that bears a safety venting function for automatic pressure relief through rapid full opening to protect against dangerous overpressure conditions.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(SafetyValve(x) ↔ Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(SafetyReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A safety valve is a valve that bears a safety venting function for automatic pressure relief through rapid full opening to protect against dangerous overpressure conditions.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de segurança é uma válvula que possui uma função de ventilação de segurança para alívio automático de pressão por abertura rápida e total para proteção contra condições perigosas de sobrepressão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every safety valve is a valve that has the function to automatically relieve excess pressure for emergency protection

self operating valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula auto-operante @pt-br
definition: A self-operating valve is a valve that includes an internal means of operation (such as spring, gravity, fluid pressure, or counterbalance) and does not depend on an external source of energy for its actuation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(SelfOperatingValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃m(SelfOperatingMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃c(EnergyIndependentOperationCapability(c) ∧ bearerOf(x,c)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A self-operating valve is a valve that includes an internal means of operation (such as spring, gravity, fluid pressure, or counterbalance) and does not depend on an external source of energy for its actuation.
natural language definition: Uma válvula auto-operante é uma válvula que inclui um mecanismo interno de operação (como mola, gravidade, pressão do fluido ou contrapeso) e não depende de uma fonte externa de energia para seu acionamento. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical configuration (self-operating mechanism). Under OWA, any valve with an internal operating mechanism might be classified as self-operating even if it has additional external actuators or specialized applications. Domain expert validation needed to confirm structural differentia is sufficient.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every self-operating valve is a valve that has a self-operating mechanism as component part at all times and bears the capability of energy-independent operation.

solenoid valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: solenoid actuator
label: válvula solenoide @pt-br
definition: A solenoid valve is a valve that has a solenoid actuator for electrical control of fluid flow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (SolenoidValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃s (SolenoidActuator(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃f (ElectricalControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A solenoid valve is a valve that has a solenoid actuator for electrical control of fluid flow.
natural language definition: Uma válvula solenoide é uma válvula que possui um atuador solenoide para controle elétrico do fluxo de fluido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type where the solenoid mechanism is the distinguishing structural feature. Under OWA, making it equivalent could incorrectly classify complex valve assemblies that contain solenoid components but are not standard solenoid valves.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every solenoid valve is a valve that has a solenoid actuator component and bears an electrical control function.

storage tank
type: Class
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: storage function
label: tanque de armazenamento @pt-br
alternative label: tank
definition: A storage tank is a vessel that is designed to store fluids or materials for extended periods without transformation or active processing.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(StorageTank(x) ↔ (Tank(x) ∧ ∃f(ExtendedStorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A storage tank is a vessel that is designed to store fluids or materials for extended periods without transformation or active processing.
natural language definition: Um tanque de armazenamento é um vaso projetado para armazenar fluidos ou materiais por períodos prolongados sem transformação ou processamento ativo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every storage tank is a tank that has the function to store materials for extended periods.

strainer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: separation function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: separation function
label: filtro grosso @pt-br
definition: A strainer is a material artifact that bears a separation function and has a filtering element, designed to separate solid particles from fluids by passing the fluid through screens or perforations.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Strainer(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(FilteringElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)) ∧ ∃p(SolidLiquidSeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))))
natural language definition: A strainer is a material artifact that bears a separation function and has a filtering element, designed to separate solid particles from fluids by passing the fluid through screens or perforations.
natural language definition: Um filtro grosso é um artefato material que possui uma função de separação e tem um elemento filtrante, projetado para separar partículas sólidas de fluidos fazendo o fluido passar através de telas ou perfurações. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every strainer is a material artifact that bears a separation function and has a filtering element as component part at all times and participates in solid-liquid separation processes.

swing check valve
type: Class
subclass of: check valve
label: válvula de retenção basculante @pt-br
definition: A swing check valve is a check valve that has a closure member consisting of a disc which swings freely on a hinge mechanism and opens automatically when flow is established and closes automatically when flow ceases or reverses.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(SwingCheckValve(x) → CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃d(HingedDisc(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃a(SwingArm(a) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,a)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A swing check valve is a check valve that has a closure member consisting of a disc which swings freely on a hinge mechanism and opens automatically when flow is established and closes automatically when flow ceases or reverses.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de retenção basculante é uma válvula de retenção que possui um elemento de fechamento consistindo de um disco que gira livremente em um mecanismo de dobradiça e abre automaticamente quando o fluxo é estabelecido e fecha automaticamente quando o fluxo cessa ou se inverte. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type to avoid false positives under OWA. Any artifact with a hinged disc mechanism should not automatically be classified as a swing check valve without domain expert validation, as specialized equipment may contain swing mechanisms but serve different primary functions.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every swing check valve is a check valve that has a hinged disc as component part and has a swing arm as component part

temperature indicator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: indicator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: temperature indication function
subclass of: indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: temperature indication function
label: indicador de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A temperature indicator is an indicator that measures temperature and displays the measured value locally at the instrument location.
natural language definition: A temperature indicator is an indicator that measures temperature and displays the measured value locally at the instrument location.
natural language definition: Um indicador de temperatura é um indicador que mede temperatura e exibe o valor medido localmente na localização do instrumento. @pt-br

temperature transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: temperature measurement and transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: temperature measurement and transmission function
label: transmissor de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A temperature transmitter is a transmitter that measures temperature and produces a standardized output signal dependent on the received input signal from a temperature element.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(TemperatureTransmitter(x) ↔ Transmitter(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureMeasurementAndTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A temperature transmitter is a transmitter that measures temperature and produces a standardized output signal dependent on the received input signal from a temperature element.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de temperatura é um transmissor que mede temperatura e produz um sinal de saída padronizado dependente do sinal de entrada recebido de um elemento de temperatura. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every temperature transmitter is a transmitter that has the function to measure temperature and transmit standardized signals based on temperature input.

thermowell
type: Class
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: temperature sensor protection function
label: poço termométrico @pt-br
definition: A thermowell is an instrument that is a pressure-tight receptacle adapted to receive a temperature sensing element, provided with external threads or other means for pressure-tight attachment to a vessel or pipe.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Thermowell(x) → Instrument(x) ∧ ∃r,c,f (PressureTightReceptacle(r) ∧ ProcessConnection(c) ∧ TemperatureSensorProtectionFunction(f) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A thermowell is an instrument that is a pressure-tight receptacle adapted to receive a temperature sensing element, provided with external threads or other means for pressure-tight attachment to a vessel or pipe.
natural language definition: Um poço termométrico é um instrumento que é um receptáculo resistente à pressão adaptado para receber um elemento sensor de temperatura, provido com roscas externas ou outros meios para fixação resistente à pressão a um vaso ou tubulação. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Thermowell has constructive classification basis. The structural differentia (pressure-tight receptacle with process connection) defines necessary conditions, but making these sufficient under OWA could lead to false classifications of other threaded pressure-tight devices that happen to contain receptacles but are not intended as thermowells.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every thermowell is an instrument that has a pressure-tight receptacle as component part and has a process connection as component part and is designed for temperature sensing elements.

transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: signal transmission function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: signal transmission function
label: transmissor @pt-br
definition: A transmitter is an instrument that bears a signal transmission function, receiving process variable signals from sensors and converting them into standardized output signals for transmission to control systems.
natural language definition: A transmitter is an instrument that bears a signal transmission function, receiving process variable signals from sensors and converting them into standardized output signals for transmission to control systems.
natural language definition: Um transmissor é um instrumento que possui uma função de transmissão de sinal, recebendo sinais de variáveis de processo de sensores e convertendo-os em sinais de saída padronizados para transmissão a sistemas de controle. @pt-br

vessel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: containment function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: containment device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: containment function
label: vaso @pt-br
definition: A vessel is an assembly designed to contain fluids or solids for storage and/or processing purposes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Vessel(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(VesselShell(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃h(VesselHead(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h)))
natural language definition: A vessel is an assembly designed to contain fluids or solids for storage and/or processing purposes.
natural language definition: Um vaso é um conjunto projetado para conter fluidos ou sólidos para fins de armazenamento e/ou processamento. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every vessel is an assembly that bears a containment function and has a vessel shell and vessel head as component parts at all times.

vibration transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: vibration transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: vibration transmission function
label: transmissor de vibração @pt-br
definition: A vibration transmitter is a transmitter that measures mechanical vibrations and produces an output signal proportional to the measured vibration parameters.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (VibrationTransmitter(x) ↔ (Transmitter(x) ∧ ∃v (VibrationSignal(v) ∧ hasInput(x,v)) ∧ ∃f (VibrationMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A vibration transmitter is a transmitter that measures mechanical vibrations and produces an output signal proportional to the measured vibration parameters.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de vibração é um transmissor que mede vibrações mecânicas e produz um sinal de saída proporcional aos parâmetros de vibração medidos. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every vibration transmitter is a transmitter that has a vibration signal as input and bears a vibration measurement function.

wafer check valve
type: Class
subclass of: check valve
label: válvula de retenção wafer @pt-br
definition: A wafer check valve is a check valve that has a wafer pattern valve body designed for mounting between flanges.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(WaferCheckValve(x) → CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃y(WaferPatternValveBody(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A wafer check valve is a check valve that has a wafer pattern valve body designed for mounting between flanges.
natural language definition: Uma válvula de retenção wafer é uma válvula de retenção que possui um corpo de válvula padrão wafer projetado para montagem entre flanges. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive subtype (both functional and structural aspects). The wafer pattern mounting configuration is a structural differentia that, while characteristic, may have edge cases or specialized variants that should not be automatically classified without expert validation. The structural differentia should be confirmed as both necessary and sufficient in industrial practice before upgrading to equivalent mode.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every wafer check valve is a check valve that has a wafer pattern valve body as component part at all times.

backflow prevention function
type: Class
subclass of: flow control function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: backflow prevention process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: backflow prevention process
label: função de prevenção de refluxo @pt-br
definition: A FlowControlFunction that is realized in a BackflowPreventionProcess and that consists in preventing the reversal of fluid flow direction by physically blocking the flow path when pressure differential indicates potential backflow conditions.
natural language definition: A FlowControlFunction that is realized in a BackflowPreventionProcess and that consists in preventing the reversal of fluid flow direction by physically blocking the flow path when pressure differential indicates potential backflow conditions.

binary flow control function
type: Class
subclass of: process-controlled flow function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: binary flow control process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: binary flow control process
label: função de controle binário de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the complete opening or closing of a flow path to allow or prevent fluid passage.

flow restriction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow restriction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flow restriction process
label: função de restrição de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the reduction of fluid flow rate by creating a controlled resistance in the flow path.

pressure reduction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pressure reduction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pressure reduction process
label: função de redução de pressão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the reduction of fluid pressure from a higher upstream value to a controlled downstream value.

emergency shut down function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: emergency shut down process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: emergency shut down process
label: função de parada de emergência @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the automatic isolation of process equipment upon detection of a hazardous condition.

rapid depressurization function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: rapid depressurization process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: rapid depressurization process
label: função de despressurização rápida @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the rapid controlled release of process pressure to a safe disposal system to prevent catastrophic failure.

safety venting function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: safety relief process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: safety relief process
label: função de ventilação de segurança @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the release of excess pressure from a process system to a safe disposal location.

pressure relief function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pressure relief process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pressure relief process
label: função de alívio de pressão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the automatic release of process fluid when pressure exceeds a defined set point to protect equipment from overpressure.

subsurface safety function
type: Class
subclass of: safety relief function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: subsurface safety process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: subsurface safety process
label: função de segurança subsuperficial @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by a downhole safety valve whose realization constitutes the isolation of wellbore flow to prevent uncontrolled release of reservoir fluids to surface.

flow indication function
type: Class
subclass of: indication function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow indication process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flow indication process
label: função de indicação de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the local display of the flow rate of a process stream.

level indication function
type: Class
subclass of: indication function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: level indication process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: level indication process
label: função de indicação de nível @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the local display of the fluid level within a vessel.

temperature indication function
type: Class
subclass of: indication function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: temperature indication process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: temperature indication process
label: função de indicação de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the local display of the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface.

flow measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flow measurement process
label: função de medição de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FlowMeasurementProcess and that consists in determining and quantifying the rate of fluid flow through a system, providing measurement data for monitoring, control, or recording purposes.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FlowMeasurementProcess and that consists in determining and quantifying the rate of fluid flow through a system, providing measurement data for monitoring, control, or recording purposes.

level detection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: level detection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: level detection process
label: função de detecção de nível @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection of a fluid level reaching or exceeding a defined threshold within a vessel.

pressure sensing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pressure sensing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pressure sensing process
label: função de sensoriamento de pressão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection and measurement of the pressure of a process stream.

pressure measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: indication function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pressure measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pressure measurement process
label: função de medição de pressão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and local display of the pressure of a process stream.

differential pressure measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: pressure sensing function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: differential pressure measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: differential pressure measurement process
label: função de medição de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A PressureSensingFunction that is realized in a DifferentialPressureMeasurementProcess and that consists in sensing the pressure difference between two fluid media or two points in the same medium to enable measurement of differential pressure.
natural language definition: A PressureSensingFunction that is realized in a DifferentialPressureMeasurementProcess and that consists in sensing the pressure difference between two fluid media or two points in the same medium to enable measurement of differential pressure.

humidity measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: humidity measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: humidity measurement process
label: função de medição de umidade @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and display of the moisture content or relative humidity of a gas stream.

phase sequence measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: phase sequence measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: phase sequence measurement process
label: função de medição de sequência de fases @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and display of the phase sequence of a polyphase alternating-current electrical supply.

position limit detection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: position limit detection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: position limit detection process
label: função de detecção de limite de posição @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection of a mechanical component reaching a defined travel limit position.

flow signal transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: signal transmission function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow signal transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flow signal transmission process
label: função de transmissão de sinal de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the flow rate of a process stream.

differential pressure transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: pressure transmission function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: differential pressure measurement and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: differential pressure measurement and transmission process
label: função de transmissão de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the differential pressure between two process points.

level measurement and transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: level measurement and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: level measurement and transmission process
label: função de medição e transmissão de nível @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the fluid level within a vessel.

temperature measurement and transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: temperature measurement and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: temperature measurement and transmission process
label: função de medição e transmissão de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface.

vibration transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: vibration measurement and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: vibration measurement and transmission process
label: função de transmissão de vibração @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of mechanical vibration amplitude or frequency in rotating equipment.

heating function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: heating process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: heating process
label: função de aquecimento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of thermal energy to a process stream or vessel to raise its temperature.

gas movement function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: gas movement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: gas movement process
label: função de movimentação de gás @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the movement of a gas stream from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure.

power transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: power transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: power transmission process
label: função de transmissão de potência @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover to one or more driven machines, maintaining rotational motion while potentially modifying torque and speed characteristics.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from a prime mover through rotational motion or to generate energy when acting as a driven element.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from one mechanical component to another through rotational or linear motion.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical energy from an external energy source through rotational motion to downstream mechanical components.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to another through direct mechanical coupling or engagement.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical rotational energy from a driving mechanism to driven components, enabling the transfer of torque and rotational motion through a mechanical system.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover to one or more driven machines, maintaining rotational motion while potentially modifying torque and speed characteristics.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from a prime mover through rotational motion or to generate energy when acting as a driven element.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from one mechanical component to another through rotational or linear motion.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical energy from an external energy source through rotational motion to downstream mechanical components.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to another through direct mechanical coupling or engagement.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical rotational energy from a driving mechanism to driven components, enabling the transfer of torque and rotational motion through a mechanical system.

electric to mechanical conversion function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electric to mechanical conversion process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electric to mechanical conversion process
label: função de conversão elétrico-mecânica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of electrical energy into rotational or linear mechanical motion.

filtration function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: filtration process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: filtration process
label: função de filtração @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FiltrationProcess and that consists in selectively retaining particles, contaminants, or unwanted substances from a fluid stream while allowing the clean fluid to pass through.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FiltrationProcess and that consists in selectively retaining particles, contaminants, or unwanted substances from a fluid stream while allowing the clean fluid to pass through.

separation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: separation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: separation process
label: função de separação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a mixed-phase or mixed-component stream into distinct phases or fractions.

coalescence function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: coalescence process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: coalescence process
label: função de coalescência @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the merging of dispersed liquid droplets into a continuous liquid phase to facilitate their subsequent removal.

storage function
type: Class
subclass of: containment function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: storage process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: storage process
label: função de armazenamento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the temporary or permanent containment of fluids or materials in a defined storage volume.

electrical power transformation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electrical power transformation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electrical power transformation process
label: função de transformação de energia elétrica @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess and that consists in changing the voltage and current levels of electrical power through electromagnetic induction while maintaining power transfer efficiency.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess and that consists in converting electrical energy from one voltage level to another through electromagnetic induction, enabling power distribution and utilization at appropriate voltage levels.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess and that consists in changing the voltage and current levels of electrical power through electromagnetic induction while maintaining power transfer efficiency.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess and that consists in converting electrical energy from one voltage level to another through electromagnetic induction, enabling power distribution and utilization at appropriate voltage levels.

electrical current interruption function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electrical current interruption process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electrical current interruption process
label: função de interrupção de corrente elétrica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the interruption of electrical current flow in a circuit under normal operating or fault conditions.

temperature sensor protection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: temperature sensor protection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: temperature sensor protection process
label: função de proteção de sensor de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a TemperatureSensorProtectionProcess and that consists in providing a protective enclosure for temperature sensing elements while enabling thermal conductivity from the process medium to the sensor.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a TemperatureSensorProtectionProcess and that consists in providing a protective enclosure for temperature sensing elements while enabling thermal conductivity from the process medium to the sensor.

absolute pressure transmitter
type: Class
subclass of: pressure transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: pressure sensor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: vacuum referencee chamber
label: transmissor de pressão absoluta @pt-br
definition: An absolute pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that has a vacuum reference chamber on one side of the pressure sensor while the other side receives the process pressure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (AbsolutePressureTransmitter(x) → PressureTransmitter(x) ∧ ∃y (VacuumReferenceeChamber(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An absolute pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that has a vacuum reference chamber on one side of the pressure sensor while the other side receives the process pressure.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de pressão absoluta é um transmissor de pressão que possui uma câmara de referência de vácuo de um lado do sensor de pressão enquanto o outro lado recebe a pressão do processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on vacuum reference chamber configuration. Under Open World Assumption, defining sufficient conditions could lead to unintended classification of complex instruments that contain vacuum chambers but serve different primary functions. The structural differentia is necessary but making it sufficient requires domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every absolute pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that has a vacuum reference chamber as a component part at all times.

accumulator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: accumulation function
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: accumulation function
label: acumulador @pt-br
definition: An accumulator is a vessel that has the designed function to accumulate (store and controllably release) energy or matter.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Accumulator(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f (AccumulationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: An accumulator is a vessel that has the designed function to accumulate (store and controllably release) energy or matter.
natural language definition: Um acumulador é um vaso que tem a função projetada de acumular (armazenar e liberar de forma controlada) energia ou matéria. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every accumulator is a vessel that bears an accumulation function

actuator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: actuation function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: actuation function
label: atuador @pt-br
definition: An actuator is an assembly that bears an actuation function to convert energy from an external source into kinetic motion in response to control signals.
natural language definition: An actuator is an assembly that bears an actuation function to convert energy from an external source into kinetic motion in response to control signals.
natural language definition: Um atuador é um conjunto que possui uma função de atuação para converter energia de uma fonte externa em movimento cinético em resposta a sinais de controle. @pt-br

agitator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mixer
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: moving vane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: agitation function
subclass of: mixer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: moving vane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: agitation function
label: agitador @pt-br
definition: An agitator is a mixer that stirs or shakes fluids by reaction force from moving vanes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Agitator(x) ↔ Mixer(x) ∧ ∃f(AgitationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃v(MovingVane(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v)))
natural language definition: An agitator is a mixer that stirs or shakes fluids by reaction force from moving vanes.
natural language definition: Um agitador é um misturador que mexe ou agita fluidos por força de reação de palhetas móveis. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every agitator is a mixer that has the function to agitate fluids and has moving vanes as component parts at all times.

air cooled heat exchanger
type: Class
subclass of: heat exchanger
label: trocador de calor resfriado a ar @pt-br
definition: An air cooled heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned air cooling surfaces and uses ambient air as the cooling medium to transfer thermal energy from process fluids.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(AirCooledHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃y(AirFinSystem(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(TubeBundle(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)) ∧ ∃p(AirCoolingProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An air cooled heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned air cooling surfaces and uses ambient air as the cooling medium to transfer thermal energy from process fluids.
natural language definition: Um trocador de calor resfriado a ar é um trocador de calor que possui superfícies aletadas de resfriamento a ar e usa ar ambiente como meio de resfriamento para transferir energia térmica de fluidos de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Under the Open World Assumption, defining air cooling constructively as sufficient conditions could lead to false positives. Complex hybrid equipment or specialized configurations with air cooling components might be inappropriately classified. Starting with necessary conditions allows for proper validation by domain experts before upgrading to equivalence.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every air cooled heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has component parts including an air fin system and tube bundle, and participates in air cooling processes.

analogue temperature indicator
type: Class
subclass of: temperature indicator
label: indicador analógico de temperatura @pt-br
definition: An analogue temperature indicator is an instrument that bears a temperature indication function and has an analogue dial for visual temperature display.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (AnalogueTemperatureIndicator(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureIndicationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃d(AnalogueDial(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An analogue temperature indicator is an instrument that bears a temperature indication function and has an analogue dial for visual temperature display.
natural language definition: Um indicador analógico de temperatura é um instrumento que possui uma função de indicação de temperatura e tem um mostrador analógico para exibição visual da temperatura. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every analogue temperature indicator is an instrument that bears a temperature indication function and has component parts including a temperature sensor, analogue dial, and indicator pointer.

angle valve body
type: Class
subclass of: flow-control device
subclass of: valve body
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow control function
label: corpo de válvula angular @pt-br
definition: A ValveBody that has an internal flow path geometry where the inlet and outlet axes are positioned at an angle to each other, creating an L-shaped or angled flow configuration.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (AngleValveBody(x) → ValveBody(x) ∧ ∃g (AngularFlowPath(g) ∧ hasGeometry(x,g)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A ValveBody that has an internal flow path geometry where the inlet and outlet axes are positioned at an angle to each other, creating an L-shaped or angled flow configuration.
natural language definition: Um ValveBody que possui uma geometria de caminho de fluxo interno onde os eixos de entrada e saída são posicionados em ângulo um em relação ao outro, criando uma configuração de fluxo em formato de L ou angular. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on geometric configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for geometric characteristics like 'angular flow path' are difficult to specify precisely without detailed geometric constraints that could lead to false classification of complex multi-path valve bodies or hybrid designs.
semi-formal natural language axiom: AngleValveBody subClassOf ValveBody and hasGeometry some AngularFlowPath

anode
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: anode function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical current
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: anode function
label: ânodo @pt-br
definition: An anode is electrical equipment that bears the function of serving as the positive electrode in electrochemical processes, capable of emitting positive charge carriers to and/or receiving negative charge carriers from a medium of lower conductivity.
natural language definition: An anode is electrical equipment that bears the function of serving as the positive electrode in electrochemical processes, capable of emitting positive charge carriers to and/or receiving negative charge carriers from a medium of lower conductivity.
natural language definition: Um ânodo é um equipamento elétrico que possui a função de servir como eletrodo positivo em processos eletroquímicos, capaz de emitir portadores de carga positiva para e/ou receber portadores de carga negativa de um meio de menor condutividade. @pt-br

axial displacement transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: axial displacement measuring probe
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: axial displacement transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: axial displacement measuring probe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: axial displacement transmission function
label: transmissor de deslocamento axial @pt-br
definition: An axial displacement transmitter is a transmitter that measures axial displacement and generates a standardized output signal representing the measured axial displacement.
natural language definition: An axial displacement transmitter is a transmitter that measures axial displacement and generates a standardized output signal representing the measured axial displacement.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de deslocamento axial é um transmissor que mede deslocamento axial e gera um sinal de saída padronizado representando o deslocamento axial medido. @pt-br

basin
type: Class
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: storage function
label: bacia @pt-br
definition: A basin is a vessel that is designed to store liquid or solid material, characterized by being typically open at the top and installed partly or totally below grade.
first-order logic axiom: Basin(x) ↔ Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(StorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(OpenTop(p) ∧ hasGeometricProperty(x,p)) ∧ ∃q(PartlyBelowGrade(q) ∧ hasInstallationProperty(x,q))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A basin is a vessel that is designed to store liquid or solid material, characterized by being typically open at the top and installed partly or totally below grade.
natural language definition: Uma bacia é um vaso projetado para armazenar material líquido ou sólido, caracterizado por ser tipicamente aberto no topo e instalado parcial ou totalmente abaixo do nível do solo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every basin is a vessel that bears a storage function and has an open top configuration and is installed partly below grade.

bearing
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: support function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical load
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: support function
label: mancal @pt-br
definition: A bearing is a material artifact that is designed to support and locate moving or static mechanical elements while reducing friction in the connection.
natural language definition: A bearing is a material artifact that is designed to support and locate moving or static mechanical elements while reducing friction in the connection.
natural language definition: Um mancal é um artefato material que é projetado para suportar e localizar elementos mecânicos móveis ou estáticos enquanto reduz o atrito na conexão. @pt-br

bell nipple
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pipe
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: side outlet
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: drilling fluid conduction function
subclass of: pipe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: side outlet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: drilling fluid conduction function
definition: A bell nipple is a pipe that conducts drilling fluids in drilling operations and is characterized by an enlarged diameter that serves as a funnel and a location at the wellhead assembly.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(BellNipple(x) ↔ (Pipe(x) ∧ ∃f(DrillingFluidConductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(EnlargedDiameter(s) ∧ hasCharacteristicShape(x,s)) ∧ ∃l(WellheadAssembly(l) ∧ hasLocation(x,l))))
natural language definition: A bell nipple is a pipe that conducts drilling fluids in drilling operations and is characterized by an enlarged diameter that serves as a funnel and a location at the wellhead assembly.
natural language definition: Um bell nipple é um tubo que conduz fluidos de perfuração em operações de perfuração e é caracterizado por um diâmetro alargado que serve como funil e uma localização no conjunto da cabeça do poço. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every bell nipple is a pipe that bears a DrillingFluidConductionFunction and has an enlarged diameter shape and is located at a wellhead assembly.

boiler
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: heater
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: boiling function
subclass of: heater
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: boiling function
label: caldeira @pt-br
definition: A boiler is a heater that brings a liquid to its boiling point through indirect contact heat exchange, producing steam or vapor.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Boiler(x) ↔ Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(BoilingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A boiler is a heater that brings a liquid to its boiling point through indirect contact heat exchange, producing steam or vapor.
natural language definition: Uma caldeira é um aquecedor que leva um líquido ao seu ponto de ebulição através de troca de calor por contato indireto, produzindo vapor. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every boiler is a heater that bears a BoilingFunction and has component parts including a steam drum and heat exchange surface.

bottom hole assembly
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: drill bit
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: bottom hole drilling function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: drill bit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: bottom hole drilling function
label: conjunto de fundo de poço @pt-br
definition: A bottom hole assembly is a drilling component that performs specialized drilling operations at the bottom of the drill string, characterized by including a drill bit and being positioned at the bottom hole location.
natural language definition: A bottom hole assembly is a drilling component that performs specialized drilling operations at the bottom of the drill string, characterized by including a drill bit and being positioned at the bottom hole location.
natural language definition: Um conjunto de fundo de poço é um componente de perfuração que realiza operações especializadas de perfuração na parte inferior da coluna de perfuração, caracterizado por incluir uma broca e estar posicionado no local do fundo do poço. @pt-br

brake
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: braking function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: braking function
label: freio @pt-br
definition: A brake is an assembly that bears a braking function to arrest or prevent the motion of an object, typically through friction or electromagnetic force application.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Brake(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(BrakingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A brake is an assembly that bears a braking function to arrest or prevent the motion of an object, typically through friction or electromagnetic force application.
natural language definition: Um freio é um conjunto que possui uma função de frenagem para deter ou prevenir o movimento de um objeto, tipicamente através da aplicação de força de atrito ou eletromagnética. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every brake is an assembly that has the function of braking, and every assembly that has the function of braking is a brake.

burner
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: heater
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: combustion function
subclass of: heater
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: combustion function
label: queimador @pt-br
definition: A burner is a heater that releases thermal energy by burning a combustible mixture of fuel and air.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Burner(x) ↔ (Heater(x) ∧ ∃f (CombustionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A burner is a heater that releases thermal energy by burning a combustible mixture of fuel and air.
natural language definition: Um queimador é um aquecedor que libera energia térmica através da queima de uma mistura combustível de combustível e ar. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every burner is a heater that has the function of combustion, which is realized by burning a fuel-air mixture to release thermal energy.

cable tray
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: continuous base
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: raised edge
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cable support function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: continuous base
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: raised edge
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: cable support function
label: bandeja de cabos @pt-br
definition: A cable tray is an assembly that bears a cable support function and consists of a continuous base with raised edges, forming a rigid structural system for securely supporting and routing electrical cables.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CableTray(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(CableSupportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃b(ContinuousBase(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b)) ∧ ∃e(RaisedEdge(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)))
natural language definition: A cable tray is an assembly that bears a cable support function and consists of a continuous base with raised edges, forming a rigid structural system for securely supporting and routing electrical cables.
natural language definition: Uma bandeja de cabos é um conjunto que possui função de suporte de cabos e consiste em uma base contínua com bordas elevadas, formando um sistema estrutural rígido para suportar e rotear cabos elétricos de forma segura. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every cable tray is an assembly that has the function to support cables and has a continuous base part and raised edge parts.

casing
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: enclosure function
definition: A casing is an assembly that provides structural enclosure with pressure containment capability, characterized by walls that separate internal components or fluids from the external environment.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Casing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnclosureFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(CasingWall(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)) ∧ ∃p(PressureContainmentFunction(p) ∧ hasFunction(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A casing is an assembly that provides structural enclosure with pressure containment capability, characterized by walls that separate internal components or fluids from the external environment.
natural language definition: Um casing é um conjunto que fornece invólucro estrutural com capacidade de contenção de pressão, caracterizado por paredes que separam componentes internos ou fluidos do ambiente externo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on structural configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for enclosure structure could lead to over-classification of complex assemblies that contain enclosure elements but serve different primary functions (e.g., pressure vessels, housings, containers).
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every casing is an assembly that has an enclosure function and has component part some casing wall and has function some pressure containment function.

cathodic protection system
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: engineered system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: cathodic protection function
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at some time
    some values from: anode
subclass of: engineered system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical current
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: cathodic protection function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at some time
  some values from: anode
label: sistema de proteção catódica @pt-br
definition: A cathodic protection system is a corrosion protection system that uses electrochemical cathodic protection mechanisms with anodes to prevent corrosion of carbon and low-alloy steel equipment or structures.
natural language definition: A cathodic protection system is a corrosion protection system that uses electrochemical cathodic protection mechanisms with anodes to prevent corrosion of carbon and low-alloy steel equipment or structures.
natural language definition: Um sistema de proteção catódica é um sistema de proteção contra corrosão que usa mecanismos eletroquímicos de proteção catódica com ânodos para prevenir a corrosão de equipamentos ou estruturas de aço carbono e baixa liga. @pt-br

centrifugal compressor casing
type: Class
subclass of: casing
label: invólucro @pt-br
definition: A casing that is specifically designed and dimensioned for structural compatibility with centrifugal compressor mechanisms, providing enclosure and protection for rotating impellers and associated flow components.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CentrifugalCompressorCasing(x) → Casing(x) ∧ ∃y(CentrifugalCompressor(y) ∧ intendedFor(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A casing that is specifically designed and dimensioned for structural compatibility with centrifugal compressor mechanisms, providing enclosure and protection for rotating impellers and associated flow components.
natural language definition: Um invólucro que é especificamente projetado e dimensionado para compatibilidade estrutural com mecanismos de compressor centrífugo, fornecendo contenção e proteção para impulsores rotativos e componentes de fluxo associados. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by structural compatibility. Under OWA, asserting equivalence could force classification of any casing with centrifugal compressor compatibility, including hybrid or specialized equipment that should not be automatically classified as standard centrifugal compressor casings.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every centrifugal compressor casing is a casing that is intended for use with centrifugal compressors

centrifuge
type: Class
subclass of: separator
label: centrífuga @pt-br
definition: A centrifuge is a separator that uses centrifugal force generated by a rotating drum to separate phases of different densities.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Centrifuge(x) → Separator(x) ∧ ∃d (RotatingDrum(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃p (CentrifugalForceProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A centrifuge is a separator that uses centrifugal force generated by a rotating drum to separate phases of different densities.
natural language definition: Uma centrífuga é um separador que usa força centrífuga gerada por um tambor rotativo para separar fases de diferentes densidades. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Although functionally defined as a separator, the constructive differentia (centrifugal mechanism) makes sufficient conditions complex under OWA. Any equipment with a rotating drum could potentially be classified as a centrifuge even if designed for other purposes (mixing, drying, etc.). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every centrifuge is a separator that has a rotating drum as component part and participates in centrifugal force processes.

check valve body
type: Class
subclass of: valve body
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: enclosure function
label: corpo de válvula @pt-br
definition: A valve body that is specifically designed to accommodate and house the internal mechanisms of a check valve within a pressure-containing boundary.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CheckValveBody(x) → ValveBody(x) ∧ ∃y(CheckValve(y) ∧ designedFor(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A valve body that is specifically designed to accommodate and house the internal mechanisms of a check valve within a pressure-containing boundary.
natural language definition: Um corpo de válvula que é especificamente projetado para acomodar e alojar os mecanismos internos de uma válvula de retenção dentro de uma barreira de contenção de pressão. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive identity based on structural design for check valve accommodation. Under OWA, any housing designed for check valves could include specialized configurations, custom manifolds, or hybrid designs that should not be automatically classified as standard check valve bodies without domain expert validation of the structural differentia.
semi-formal natural language axiom: CheckValveBody subClassOf ValveBody and (designedFor some CheckValve)

check valve closure member
type: Class
subclass of: flow-control device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: backflow prevention function
label: membro de fechamento de válvula de retenção @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a check valve and that bears a BackflowPreventionFunction, consisting in a mechanical element that prevents fluid flow reversal by physically blocking the flow path when pressure conditions indicate potential backflow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CheckValveClosureMember(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃y(CheckValve(y) ∧ isComponentPartOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃f(BackflowPreventionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a check valve and that bears a BackflowPreventionFunction, consisting in a mechanical element that prevents fluid flow reversal by physically blocking the flow path when pressure conditions indicate potential backflow.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que é uma parte componente de uma válvula de retenção e que possui uma BackflowPreventionFunction, consistindo em um elemento mecânico que previne o refluxo de fluido bloqueando fisicamente o caminho de fluxo quando as condições de pressão indicam potencial refluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by structural role and mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force classification of any artifact with backflow prevention function and check valve association, potentially including hybrid or specialized designs that should not be automatically classified as standard closure members without domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every check valve closure member is a MaterialArtifact that is component part of some check valve and bears some BackflowPreventionFunction

christmas tree
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: master valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: wing valve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: well fluid control function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: master valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: wing valve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: well fluid control function
label: árvore de natal @pt-br
definition: A christmas tree is an assembly that bears a well fluid control function, is connected to a wellhead, and contains master valves for controlling formation fluids from oil and gas wells.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ChristmasTree(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(WellFluidControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Wellhead(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)) ∧ ∃v(MasterValve(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v))))
natural language definition: A christmas tree is an assembly that bears a well fluid control function, is connected to a wellhead, and contains master valves for controlling formation fluids from oil and gas wells.
natural language definition: Uma árvore de natal é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluidos de poço, está conectada a uma cabeça de poço, e contém válvulas mestras para controlar fluidos de formação de poços de petróleo e gás. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every christmas tree is an assembly that has the function to control well fluids and is connected to a wellhead and has master valves as component parts.

chromatograph
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: chromatographic analysis function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: chromatographic analysis function
label: cromatógrafo @pt-br
definition: A chromatograph is a process analyzer that bears a chromatographic analysis function.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Chromatograph(x) ↔ ProcessAnalyzer(x) ∧ ∃f (ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A chromatograph is a process analyzer that bears a chromatographic analysis function.
natural language definition: Um cromatógrafo é um analisador de processo que possui uma função de análise cromatográfica. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every chromatograph is a process analyzer that has the function of chromatographic analysis.

compensator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: movement compensation function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical force
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: movement compensation function
label: compensador @pt-br
definition: A compensator is a material artifact that has the designed function of compensating for axial or radial movement between two connected elements.
natural language definition: A compensator is a material artifact that has the designed function of compensating for axial or radial movement between two connected elements.
natural language definition: Um compensador é um artefato material que tem a função projetada de compensar movimento axial ou radial entre dois elementos conectados. @pt-br

compressor casing
type: Class
subclass of: casing
label: Invólucro @pt-br
definition: A Casing that is intended for housing compressor internals including the shaft with impellers and other compressor-specific mechanical components.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (CompressorCasing(x) → (Casing(x) ∧ ∃y (Compressor(y) ∧ intendedForUseWith(x,y))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A Casing that is intended for housing compressor internals including the shaft with impellers and other compressor-specific mechanical components.
natural language definition: Um Invólucro que é destinado a abrigar componentes internos do compressor, incluindo o eixo com impulsores e outros componentes mecânicos específicos do compressor. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on structural configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for compressor-specific casing identity could lead to false positives where any enclosure intended for compressors might be classified as a standard compressor casing, including specialized or hybrid enclosures that warrant distinct classification.
semi-formal natural language axiom: CompressorCasing ⊑ Casing ⊓ ∃intendedForUseWith.Compressor

condenser
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: heat exchanger
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: condensation function
subclass of: heat exchanger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: condensation function
label: condensador @pt-br
definition: A condenser is a heat exchanger that bears a designed function to condense vapor to liquid by removing latent heat of vaporization.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Condenser(x) ↔ (HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃f(CondensationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A condenser is a heat exchanger that bears a designed function to condense vapor to liquid by removing latent heat of vaporization.
natural language definition: Um condensador é um trocador de calor que possui uma função projetada para condensar vapor em líquido removendo o calor latente de vaporização. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every condenser is a heat exchanger that bears a condensation function, and every heat exchanger that bears a condensation function is a condenser.

conductivity transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: conductivity transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: conductivity transmission function
label: transmissor de condutividade @pt-br
definition: A conductivity transmitter is a transmitter that bears a conductivity measurement function.
natural language definition: A conductivity transmitter is a transmitter that bears a conductivity measurement function.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de condutividade é um transmissor que possui uma função de medição de condutividade. @pt-br

controller
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: control function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: control function
label: controlador @pt-br
definition: A controller is an instrument that bears a control function, automatically regulating a controlled variable by measuring it, comparing with a reference value, and generating output signals to reduce deviation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Controller(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(ControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A controller is an instrument that bears a control function, automatically regulating a controlled variable by measuring it, comparing with a reference value, and generating output signals to reduce deviation.
natural language definition: Um controlador é um instrumento que possui uma função de controle, regulando automaticamente uma variável controlada ao medi-la, comparar com um valor de referência e gerar sinais de saída para reduzir o desvio. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every controller is an instrument that has the function to control a process variable by automatic feedback regulation

cooler
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: heat exchanger
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cooling function
subclass of: heat exchanger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: cooling function
label: resfriador @pt-br
definition: A cooler is a heat exchanger that bears a CoolingFunction.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Cooler(x) ↔ HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃f (CoolingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A cooler is a heat exchanger that bears a CoolingFunction.
natural language definition: Um resfriador é um trocador de calor que possui uma FunçãoDeResfriamento. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every cooler is a heat exchanger that has the function of cooling.

cooling tower
type: Class
subclass of: cooler
label: torre de resfriamento @pt-br
definition: A cooling tower is a heat exchanger that incorporates a tall tower structure through which air circulates by convection to remove heat from process fluids.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CoolingTower(x) ↔ HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃t(Tower(t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t)) ∧ ∃p(ConvectiveAirCirculationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A cooling tower is a heat exchanger that incorporates a tall tower structure through which air circulates by convection to remove heat from process fluids.
natural language definition: Uma torre de resfriamento é um trocador de calor que incorpora uma estrutura de torre alta através da qual o ar circula por convecção para remover calor de fluidos de processo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every cooling tower is a heat exchanger that has a tower structure as component part at all times and participates in convective air circulation processes.

coriolis mass flow meter
type: Class
subclass of: flow meter
label: medidor de vazão Coriolis @pt-br
definition: A flow meter that utilizes the Coriolis principle through specialized oscillating flow tubes to directly measure mass flow rate of fluids.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(CoriolisMassFlowMeter(x) → FlowMeter(x) ∧ ∃y(CoriolisFlowTube(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(CoriolisPrinciple(z) ∧ utilizesPhysicalPrinciple(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A flow meter that utilizes the Coriolis principle through specialized oscillating flow tubes to directly measure mass flow rate of fluids.
natural language definition: Um medidor de vazão que utiliza o princípio de Coriolis através de tubos de fluxo oscilantes especializados para medir diretamente a vazão mássica de fluidos. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. Under the Open World Assumption, defining sufficient conditions based on Coriolis principle usage could lead to false positives where other devices using Coriolis forces (like gyroscopes or accelerometers) might be incorrectly classified as flow meters. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions that can be validated by domain experts.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every coriolis mass flow meter is a flow meter that has component part at all times some Coriolis flow tube and utilizes the Coriolis principle.

coupling
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: connection function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: connection function
label: acoplamento @pt-br
definition: A coupling is a material artifact that bears a connection function to join separate parts or systems together.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Coupling(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(ConnectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A coupling is a material artifact that bears a connection function to join separate parts or systems together.
natural language definition: Um acoplamento é um artefato material que possui uma função de conexão para unir partes ou sistemas separados. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every coupling is a material artifact that has the function to connect separate parts or systems together.

damper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: damping function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: damping function
label: amortecedor @pt-br
definition: A damper is an assembly that bears the designed function to suppress, regulate, or reduce unfavorable dynamic characteristics such as vibrations, pressure fluctuations, or flow disturbances.
natural language definition: A damper is an assembly that bears the designed function to suppress, regulate, or reduce unfavorable dynamic characteristics such as vibrations, pressure fluctuations, or flow disturbances.
natural language definition: Um amortecedor é um conjunto que possui a função projetada de suprimir, regular ou reduzir características dinâmicas desfavoráveis como vibrações, flutuações de pressão ou distúrbios de fluxo. @pt-br

deaerator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: deaeration function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: deaeration function
label: desaerador @pt-br
definition: A deaerator is a separator designed to remove dissolved gases from liquid streams through specialized degassing processes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Deaerator(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(DeaerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A deaerator is a separator designed to remove dissolved gases from liquid streams through specialized degassing processes.
natural language definition: Um desaerador é um separador projetado para remover gases dissolvidos de correntes líquidas através de processos especializados de desgaseificação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every deaerator is a separator that bears a deaeration function for removing dissolved gases from liquids

degasser
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: degassing function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: degassing function
label: degaseificador @pt-br
definition: A degasser is a separator that removes gases from drilling fluids by realizing a degassing function.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Degasser(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (DegassingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A degasser is a separator that removes gases from drilling fluids by realizing a degassing function.
natural language definition: Um degaseificador é um separador que remove gases de fluidos de perfuração realizando uma função de degaseificação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every degasser is a separator that bears a degassing function and has drilling fluid as input and degassed drilling fluid plus separated gases as outputs.

dehumidifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: dehumidification function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: dehumidification function
label: desumidificador @pt-br
definition: A dehumidifier is an assembly that bears the function to remove moisture from air.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Dehumidifier(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(DehumidificationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A dehumidifier is an assembly that bears the function to remove moisture from air.
natural language definition: Um desumidificador é um conjunto que possui a função de remover umidade do ar. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every dehumidifier is an assembly that has the function to perform dehumidification.

dehydrator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: dehydration function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: dehydration function
label: desidratador @pt-br
definition: A dehydrator is a separator that bears the designed function of removing water and water vapor from process streams.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Dehydrator(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (DehydrationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A dehydrator is a separator that bears the designed function of removing water and water vapor from process streams.
natural language definition: Um desidratador é um separador que possui a função projetada de remover água e vapor de água de correntes de processo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every dehydrator is a separator that has the function of dehydration.

demister
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: demisting function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: demisting function
definition: A demister is a separator that bears a demisting function for removing liquid droplets from gas streams through coalescence mechanisms.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Demister(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(DemistingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A demister is a separator that bears a demisting function for removing liquid droplets from gas streams through coalescence mechanisms.
natural language definition: Um demister é um separador que possui uma função de desmistificação para remover gotículas de líquido de correntes gasosas através de mecanismos de coalescência. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every demister is a separator that has the function of demisting gas streams by coalescing and removing entrained liquid droplets.

densitometer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: density measurement function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: density measurement function
label: densitômetro @pt-br
definition: A densitometer is an instrument that bears a density measurement function.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Densitometer(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(DensityMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A densitometer is an instrument that bears a density measurement function.
natural language definition: Um densitômetro é um instrumento que possui uma função de medição de densidade. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every densitometer is an instrument that has the function of measuring density.

detector
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: sensing element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: detection function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: sensing element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: detection function
definition: A detector is an instrument that bears a detection function, enabling it to sense states, substances, or phenomena and produce signals based on the detection.
natural language definition: A detector is an instrument that bears a detection function, enabling it to sense states, substances, or phenomena and produce signals based on the detection.
natural language definition: Um detector é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção, permitindo-lhe detectar estados, substâncias ou fenômenos e produzir sinais baseados na detecção. @pt-br

dew point analyser
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: dew point measurement function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: dew point measurement function
label: analisador de ponto de orvalho @pt-br
definition: A dew point analyser is an instrument that bears a dew point measurement function.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(DewPointAnalyser(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(DewPointMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A dew point analyser is an instrument that bears a dew point measurement function.
natural language definition: Um analisador de ponto de orvalho é um instrumento que possui uma função de medição de ponto de orvalho. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every dew point analyser is an instrument that has the function to determine the dew point of a substance

diaphragm actuator
type: Class
subclass of: actuator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
label: atuador de diafragma @pt-br
definition: A diaphragm actuator is an actuator that uses a diaphragm as an essential component for converting control signals into mechanical motion or force to operate other equipment.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A diaphragm actuator is an actuator that uses a diaphragm as an essential component for converting control signals into mechanical motion or force to operate other equipment.
natural language definition: Um atuador de diafragma é um atuador que utiliza um diafragma como componente essencial para converter sinais de controle em movimento mecânico ou força para operar outros equipamentos. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Classification basis is constructive - identity given by diaphragm mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force any equipment with a diaphragm component to be classified as a diaphragm actuator, potentially including complex hybrid systems or custom equipment where the diaphragm serves auxiliary functions. Starting with necessary conditions protects against such false positives.

diaphragm pump
type: Class
subclass of: reciprocating pump
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: flexible diaphragm
label: bomba de diafragma @pt-br
definition: A diaphragm pump is a reciprocating pump that uses flexible diaphragms to displace liquid and seal the pumped fluid from atmospheric leakage.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(DiaphragmPump(x) → (ReciprocatingPump(x) ∧ ∃d(FlexibleDiaphragm(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃p(DiaphragmSealing(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A diaphragm pump is a reciprocating pump that uses flexible diaphragms to displace liquid and seal the pumped fluid from atmospheric leakage.
natural language definition: Uma bomba de diafragma é uma bomba alternativa que usa diafragmas flexíveis para deslocar líquido e selar o fluido bombeado contra vazamento atmosférico. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under OWA, any pump with a flexible diaphragm component could be classified as a diaphragm pump, but there may be hybrid or specialized equipment containing diaphragms that should not be automatically classified into this maintenance category.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every diaphragm pump is a reciprocating pump that has flexible diaphragm as component part at all times and participates in diaphragm sealing.

diesel engine
type: Class
subclass of: engine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: piston
label: motor diesel @pt-br
definition: A diesel engine is an engine that ignites fuel through compression heat rather than spark ignition, requiring compression ignition and fuel injection systems.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A diesel engine is an engine that ignites fuel through compression heat rather than spark ignition, requiring compression ignition and fuel injection systems.
natural language definition: Um motor diesel é um motor que inflama combustível através do calor de compressão em vez de ignição por centelha, requerendo sistemas de ignição por compressão e injeção de combustível. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While compression ignition is characteristic of diesel engines, under OWA we cannot be certain that any engine with compression ignition systems is necessarily a diesel engine - there could be hybrid or specialized engines with similar mechanisms that should not be auto-classified as standard diesel engines without expert validation.

differential pressure measuring element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pressure element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: differential pressure measurement function
subclass of: pressure element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: differential pressure measurement function
label: elemento medidor de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A pressure element that bears a differential pressure measurement function and that consists in sensing the pressure difference between two fluid media or connection points to enable measurement of differential pressure through mechanical deflection proportional to the pressure difference.
natural language definition: A pressure element that bears a differential pressure measurement function and that consists in sensing the pressure difference between two fluid media or connection points to enable measurement of differential pressure through mechanical deflection proportional to the pressure difference.
natural language definition: Um elemento de pressão que porta uma função de medição de pressão diferencial e que consiste em detectar a diferença de pressão entre duas mídias fluidas ou pontos de conexão para permitir a medição de pressão diferencial através de deflexão mecânica proporcional à diferença de pressão. @pt-br

differential pressure switch
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: differential pressure switching function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: differential pressure switching function
label: interruptor de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A differential pressure switch is a pressure switch that bears a differential pressure switching function to switch or provide on/off signals when the measured differential pressure between two inputs reaches a pre-set value.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(DifferentialPressureSwitch(x) ↔ PressureSwitch(x) ∧ ∃f(DifferentialPressureSwitchingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A differential pressure switch is a pressure switch that bears a differential pressure switching function to switch or provide on/off signals when the measured differential pressure between two inputs reaches a pre-set value.
natural language definition: Um interruptor de pressão diferencial é um interruptor de pressão que possui uma função de comutação de pressão diferencial para comutar ou fornecer sinais liga/desliga quando a pressão diferencial medida entre duas entradas atinge um valor pré-estabelecido. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every differential pressure switch is a pressure switch that has the function to switch based on differential pressure measurements between two pressure inputs.

diffuser
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: diverging channel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: energy diffusion function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: diverging channel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: energy diffusion function
label: difusor @pt-br
definition: A diffuser is an assembly that has the designed function of converting kinetic energy of fluid flow into pressure energy through controlled deceleration in a diverging passage.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Diffuser(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnergyDiffusionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A diffuser is an assembly that has the designed function of converting kinetic energy of fluid flow into pressure energy through controlled deceleration in a diverging passage.
natural language definition: Um difusor é um conjunto que tem a função projetada de converter energia cinética do fluxo de fluido em energia de pressão através de desaceleração controlada em uma passagem divergente. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every diffuser is an assembly that bears an energy diffusion function and has a diverging channel as component part at all times.

display
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: information display function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: information display function
definition: A Display is an Instrument that bears an InformationDisplayFunction and that presents information visually to operators or users.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Display(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(InformationDisplayFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A Display is an Instrument that bears an InformationDisplayFunction and that presents information visually to operators or users.
natural language definition: Um Display é um Instrumento que possui uma InformationDisplayFunction e que apresenta informações visualmente para operadores ou usuários. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Display is an Instrument that necessarily bears an InformationDisplayFunction

distillation column
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: distillation function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: distillation function
label: coluna de destilação @pt-br
definition: A distillation column is a separator that bears a distillation function to enable separation of fluid mixtures based on differences in component boiling points through vapor-liquid equilibrium.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (DistillationColumn(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (DistillationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A distillation column is a separator that bears a distillation function to enable separation of fluid mixtures based on differences in component boiling points through vapor-liquid equilibrium.
natural language definition: Uma coluna de destilação é um separador que possui uma função de destilação para permitir a separação de misturas de fluidos baseada nas diferenças dos pontos de ebulição dos componentes através do equilíbrio vapor-líquido. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every distillation column is a separator that has the function to perform distillation processes

diverter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: diverting function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: diverting function
definition: A diverter is a material artifact that bears a designed function to divert or redirect materials, fluids, or flows from their expected course to alternative paths or destinations.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Diverter(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DivertingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A diverter is a material artifact that bears a designed function to divert or redirect materials, fluids, or flows from their expected course to alternative paths or destinations.
natural language definition: Um diverter é um artefato material que possui uma função projetada para desviar ou redirecionar materiais, fluidos ou fluxos de seu curso esperado para caminhos ou destinos alternativos. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every diverter is a material artifact that has the function of diverting materials or flows from expected paths to alternative destinations.

drive shaft
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: power transmission function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: power transmission function
label: eixo de transmissão @pt-br
definition: A drive shaft is an Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and consists in a shaft-based system used to transfer rotational mechanical energy from a prime mover to multiple driven machines.
natural language definition: A drive shaft is an Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and consists in a shaft-based system used to transfer rotational mechanical energy from a prime mover to multiple driven machines.
natural language definition: Um eixo de transmissão é um Assembly que possui uma PowerTransmissionFunction e consiste em um sistema baseado em eixo usado para transferir energia mecânica rotacional de um motor primário para múltiplas máquinas acionadas. @pt-br

dryer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: drying function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: drying function
label: secador @pt-br
definition: A dryer is an assembly that bears a drying function to remove moisture from materials.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Dryer(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(DryingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A dryer is an assembly that bears a drying function to remove moisture from materials.
natural language definition: Um secador é um conjunto que possui uma função de secagem para remover umidade de materiais. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every dryer is an assembly that has the function of drying materials by removing moisture.

eductor
type: Class
subclass of: pump
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: suction inlet
label: edutor @pt-br
definition: An eductor is a pump that uses a high-pressure motive fluid jet to create a low-pressure zone that entrains and moves a second fluid via momentum transfer.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Eductor(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃n(MotiveFluidNozzle(n) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,n)) ∧ ∃t(VenturaThroat(t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t)) ∧ ∃p(JetEntrainmentProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An eductor is a pump that uses a high-pressure motive fluid jet to create a low-pressure zone that entrains and moves a second fluid via momentum transfer.
natural language definition: Um edutor é uma bomba que usa um jato de fluido motriz de alta pressão para criar uma zona de baixa pressão que arrasta e move um segundo fluido via transferência de momento. @pt-br
primitive rationale: The constructive differentia based on jet entrainment mechanism could potentially apply to hybrid or specialized equipment that incorporates eductor principles but should not be automatically classified as a standard eductor type. Under OWA, necessary conditions protect against false positive classifications.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every eductor is a pump that has a motive fluid nozzle and Ventura throat as component parts and participates in a jet entrainment process.

electric actuator
type: Class
subclass of: actuator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
label: atuador elétrico @pt-br
definition: An electric actuator is an actuator that converts electrical energy to mechanical movement through an electric-to-mechanical converter component and operates via electrical signal input.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An electric actuator is an actuator that converts electrical energy to mechanical movement through an electric-to-mechanical converter component and operates via electrical signal input.
natural language definition: Um atuador elétrico é um atuador que converte energia elétrica em movimento mecânico através de um componente conversor elétrico-mecânico e opera via entrada de sinal elétrico. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on electrical energy conversion mechanism. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any artifact with electrical-to-mechanical conversion into this category, potentially misclassifying specialized hybrid equipment or complex electrical machinery that should not be categorized as standard actuators.

electric generator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: electric energy generation function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electric energy generation function
label: gerador elétrico @pt-br
definition: An electric generator is an assembly that bears the function of converting non-electric energy into electric energy
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ElectricGenerator(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ElectricEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: An electric generator is an assembly that bears the function of converting non-electric energy into electric energy
natural language definition: Um gerador elétrico é um conjunto que possui a função de converter energia não-elétrica em energia elétrica @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every electric generator is an assembly that has the function to convert non-electric energy into electric energy

electrical connection
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: electrical conduction function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electrical conduction function
label: conexão elétrica @pt-br
definition: An electrical connection is a MaterialArtifact that bears an ElectricalConductionFunction and that provides a pathway for electrical current to pass from one electrical apparatus to another.
natural language definition: An electrical connection is a MaterialArtifact that bears an ElectricalConductionFunction and that provides a pathway for electrical current to pass from one electrical apparatus to another.
natural language definition: Uma conexão elétrica é um MaterialArtifact que possui uma ElectricalConductionFunction e que fornece um caminho para a corrente elétrica passar de um aparelho elétrico para outro. @pt-br

electrical connector
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: electrical connection function
subclass of: coupling
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electrical connection function
label: conector elétrico @pt-br
definition: An electrical connector is an electrical equipment that bears an electrical connection function and that maintains intimate electrical contact between two or more electrical conductor parts to enable continuous current flow.
natural language definition: An electrical connector is an electrical equipment that bears an electrical connection function and that maintains intimate electrical contact between two or more electrical conductor parts to enable continuous current flow.
natural language definition: Um conector elétrico é um equipamento elétrico que possui uma função de conexão elétrica e que mantém contato elétrico íntimo entre duas ou mais partes de condutor elétrico para permitir fluxo contínuo de corrente. @pt-br

engine
type: Class
subclass of: motor
label: motor @pt-br
definition: An engine is a motor that converts chemical fuel energy into mechanical force and motion through combustion processes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Engine(x) ↔ Motor(x) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(ChemicalFuelPortion(p) ∧ hasInput(x,p)) ∧ ∃c(CombustionProcess(c) ∧ participatesIn(x,c)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An engine is a motor that converts chemical fuel energy into mechanical force and motion through combustion processes.
natural language definition: Um motor é um motor que converte energia de combustível químico em força mecânica e movimento através de processos de combustão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every Engine is a Motor that has function MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction and has input ChemicalFuelPortion and participates in CombustionProcess.

expansion joint
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: thermal expansion accommodation function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: thermal expansion accommodation function
label: junta de expansão @pt-br
definition: An expansion joint is a material artifact that bears the designed function of accommodating thermal expansion and contraction between connected components through inherent flexibility while maintaining structural integrity.
natural language definition: An expansion joint is a material artifact that bears the designed function of accommodating thermal expansion and contraction between connected components through inherent flexibility while maintaining structural integrity.
natural language definition: Uma junta de expansão é um artefato material que possui a função projetada de acomodar expansão e contração térmica entre componentes conectados através de flexibilidade inerente, mantendo a integridade estrutural. @pt-br

filter cartridge
type: Class
subclass of: filter
label: cartucho de filtro @pt-br
definition: A filter cartridge is a filter that has a replaceable filter medium in a cartridge form factor designed for insertion into and removal from a filter housing.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (FilterCartridge(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃m (ReplaceableFilterMedium(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃p (CartridgeGeometryProperty(p) ∧ bearerOf(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A filter cartridge is a filter that has a replaceable filter medium in a cartridge form factor designed for insertion into and removal from a filter housing.
natural language definition: Um cartucho de filtro é um filtro que possui um meio filtrante substituível em formato de cartucho projetado para inserção e remoção de um alojamento de filtro. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type where the structural differentia (cartridge geometry and replaceability) is necessary but making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives - other equipment containing replaceable filter elements might be incorrectly classified as filter cartridges rather than their proper specialized categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every filter cartridge is a filter that has a replaceable filter medium as component part and bears a cartridge geometry property.

filter element
type: Class
subclass of: filter
label: elemento filtrante @pt-br
definition: A Filter that is made from filter media and that is a component part of a filter assembly.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FilterElement(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃m(FilterMedia(m) ∧ madeFrom(x,m)) ∧ ∃a(FilterAssembly(a) ∧ componentPartOf(x,a)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A Filter that is made from filter media and that is a component part of a filter assembly.
natural language definition: Um Filtro que é feito de meio filtrante e que é uma parte componente de um conjunto de filtro. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on material composition (filter media) and mereological relationship (component of assembly). Under OWA, asserting equivalence could lead to unintended classification of any artifact made from filter media as a filter element, including specialized or hybrid components that contain filter media but serve different primary functions.
semi-formal natural language axiom: FilterElement SubClassOf Filter and (madeFrom some FilterMedia) and (componentPartOf some FilterAssembly)

filter press
type: Class
subclass of: filter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: filter medium
label: prensa filtrante @pt-br
definition: A filter press is a filter that applies mechanical compression force to enhance the separation of substances through a pressurized filtration process.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FilterPress(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃p(PressureMechanism(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)) ∧ ∃proc(MechanicalCompressionProcess(proc) ∧ participatesIn(x,proc)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A filter press is a filter that applies mechanical compression force to enhance the separation of substances through a pressurized filtration process.
natural language definition: Uma prensa filtrante é um filtro que aplica força de compressão mecânica para melhorar a separação de substâncias através de um processo de filtração pressurizada. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is classified as 'both' functional and constructive. The structural differentia (pressure mechanism and compression process) involves specific mechanical configurations that are harder to make sufficient under Open World Assumption without detailed engineering specifications.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every filter press is a filter that has a pressure mechanism as part and participates in mechanical compression processes.

finned tube heat exchanger
type: Class
subclass of: heat exchanger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: finned tube
label: trocador de calor de tubos aletados @pt-br
definition: A finned tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned tubes as the primary heat transfer surface enhancement mechanism.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FinnedTubeHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃y(FinnedTube(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A finned tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned tubes as the primary heat transfer surface enhancement mechanism.
natural language definition: Um trocador de calor de tubos aletados é um trocador de calor que possui tubos aletados como mecanismo primário de aumento da superfície de transferência de calor. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While finned tubes are the defining structural feature, making sufficient conditions (equivalence) under Open World Assumption could lead to false positives where any assembly containing finned tubes would be classified as this specific heat exchanger type, including complex multi-function equipment or specialized hybrid systems.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every finned tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned tubes as component parts at all times

fired heater
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: heater
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: fired heating function
subclass of: heater
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: fired heating function
label: aquecedor a combustão @pt-br
definition: A fired heater is a heater that burns fuel (solid, liquid, or gas) to generate heat for transfer to a process fluid medium.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FiredHeater(x) ↔ (Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(FiredHeatingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A fired heater is a heater that burns fuel (solid, liquid, or gas) to generate heat for transfer to a process fluid medium.
natural language definition: Um aquecedor a combustão é um aquecedor que queima combustível (sólido, líquido ou gasoso) para gerar calor para transferência para um fluido de processo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every fired heater is a heater that bears a FiredHeatingFunction

flame arrestor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flame arrest function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flame arrest function
label: arrestador de chama @pt-br
definition: A flame arrestor is a safety device that bears a flame arrest function to prevent flames from entering a system through an opening.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlameArrestor(x) ↔ SafetyDevice(x) ∧ ∃f(FlameArrestFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A flame arrestor is a safety device that bears a flame arrest function to prevent flames from entering a system through an opening.
natural language definition: Um arrestador de chama é um dispositivo de segurança que possui uma função de arrestar chama para prevenir que chamas entrem em um sistema através de uma abertura. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flame arrestor is a safety device that has the function of arresting flames and processes gaseous portions while preventing flame propagation.

flame detector
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: detector
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flame detection function
subclass of: detector
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flame detection function
label: detector de chama @pt-br
definition: A flame detector is a detector that has the function to detect the presence of flames.
natural language definition: A flame detector is a detector that has the function to detect the presence of flames.
natural language definition: Um detector de chama é um detector que tem a função de detectar a presença de chamas. @pt-br

flange
type: Class
subclass of: coupling
definition: A flange is a material artifact characterized by a projecting flat rim, plate, collar, or rib geometry, designed to provide mechanical connection between components.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Flange(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃g(ProjectingFlatRimGeometry(g) ∧ hasCharacteristic(x,g)) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalConnectionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A flange is a material artifact characterized by a projecting flat rim, plate, collar, or rib geometry, designed to provide mechanical connection between components.
natural language definition: Um flange é um artefato material caracterizado por uma geometria de aro plano projetante, placa, colar ou nervura, projetado para fornecer conexão mecânica entre componentes. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by structural geometry. Under OWA, any artifact with projecting flat rim geometry would be forced into the flange category, which could incorrectly classify specialized equipment or complex assemblies that contain flange-like features but serve different primary functions.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flange is a material artifact that has a projecting flat rim geometry and has the function of mechanically connecting components.

flare
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: burner
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: waste gas disposal function
subclass of: burner
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: waste gas disposal function
definition: A flare is a burner that safely disposes of unwanted gases through controlled combustion at an elevated location.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Flare(x) ↔ (Burner(x) ∧ ∃f (WasteGasDisposalFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A flare is a burner that safely disposes of unwanted gases through controlled combustion at an elevated location.
natural language definition: Um flare é um queimador que descarta com segurança gases indesejados através de combustão controlada em local elevado. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flare is a burner that bears a waste gas disposal function and has component parts flare tip, flare stack, and pilot system.

flare tip
type: Class
subclass of: flare
label: queimador de flare @pt-br
definition: A flare tip is a burner that specifically burns waste gas emitted from industrial processes and discharges the combustion products into the atmosphere.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlareTip(x) ↔ Burner(x) ∧ ∃f(WasteGasDisposalFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A flare tip is a burner that specifically burns waste gas emitted from industrial processes and discharges the combustion products into the atmosphere.
natural language definition: Um queimador de flare é um queimador que especificamente queima gás residual emitido de processos industriais e descarrega os produtos de combustão na atmosfera. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flare tip is a burner that has the function to dispose of waste gas from processes by burning it into the atmosphere

flash drum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flash vaporization function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flash vaporization function
label: tambor de flash @pt-br
definition: A flash drum is a separator that performs flash vaporization to separate lighter components (which vaporize and are drawn off at the top) from heavier components (which remain liquid and are drawn off at the bottom).
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlashDrum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(FlashVaporizationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A flash drum is a separator that performs flash vaporization to separate lighter components (which vaporize and are drawn off at the top) from heavier components (which remain liquid and are drawn off at the bottom).
natural language definition: Um tambor de flash é um separador que realiza vaporização flash para separar componentes mais leves (que vaporizam e são retirados no topo) de componentes mais pesados (que permanecem líquidos e são retirados no fundo). @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flash drum is a separator that bears a flash vaporization function and has a vapor outlet, liquid outlet, and feed inlet.

flexible riser
type: Class
subclass of: riser
label: riser flexível @pt-br
definition: A flexible riser is a riser that has flexible material construction allowing vertical or near-vertical fluid conduction between seabed and surface while accommodating vessel movement.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlexibleRiser(x) → Riser(x) ∧ ∃q(FlexibleProperty(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A flexible riser is a riser that has flexible material construction allowing vertical or near-vertical fluid conduction between seabed and surface while accommodating vessel movement.
natural language definition: Um riser flexível é um riser que possui construção de material flexível permitindo condução de fluido vertical ou quase vertical entre o fundo do mar e a superfície, acomodando o movimento da embarcação. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type where flexibility is a material/structural property. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any pipe with flexible qualities to be classified as a flexible riser, even if it serves different functions or has different deployment contexts. Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flexible riser is a riser that has a flexible property

flow meter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flow measurement function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow measurement function
label: medidor de vazão @pt-br
definition: A flow meter is an instrument that bears a function to measure flow rate and produce corresponding signals or indications.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(FlowMeter(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A flow meter is an instrument that bears a function to measure flow rate and produce corresponding signals or indications.
natural language definition: Um medidor de vazão é um instrumento que possui uma função de medir taxa de fluxo e produzir sinais ou indicações correspondentes. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flow meter is an instrument that bears a flow measurement function and has component parts including a flow sensing element and signal processing unit

flow switch
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: flow switching function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow switching function
label: interruptor de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A flow switch is an instrument that bears a flow switching function to automatically open or close electrical circuits when fluid flow rate reaches predetermined threshold values.
natural language definition: A flow switch is an instrument that bears a flow switching function to automatically open or close electrical circuits when fluid flow rate reaches predetermined threshold values.
natural language definition: Um interruptor de fluxo é um instrumento que possui uma função de comutação de fluxo para automaticamente abrir ou fechar circuitos elétricos quando a taxa de fluxo de fluido atinge valores de limiar predeterminados. @pt-br

flowline
type: Class
subclass of: pipeline
label: linha de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A flowline is a pipeline that transports oil, gas, or water directly from a wellhead to a manifold or production facility.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Flowline(x) ↔ Pipeline(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidTransportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Wellhead(w) ∧ connectsDirectly(x,w)) ∧ ∃m((Manifold(m) ∨ ProductionFacility(m)) ∧ connectsDirectly(x,m)) ∧ ∃h(HydrocarbonFluid(h) ∧ hasInput(x,h)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A flowline is a pipeline that transports oil, gas, or water directly from a wellhead to a manifold or production facility.
natural language definition: Uma linha de fluxo é um duto que transporta óleo, gás ou água diretamente de uma cabeça de poço para um manifold ou instalação de produção. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every flowline is a pipeline that bears a fluid transport function, has a wellhead connection, has a manifold or production facility connection, and transports hydrocarbon fluids.

furnace
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: heater
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: reactive heating function
subclass of: heater
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: reactive heating function
label: forno @pt-br
definition: A furnace is a heater that bears the function to induce chemical reactions in process fluids through heating.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Furnace(x) ↔ Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(ReactiveHeatingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A furnace is a heater that bears the function to induce chemical reactions in process fluids through heating.
natural language definition: Um forno é um aquecedor que possui a função de induzir reações químicas em fluidos de processo através do aquecimento. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every furnace is a heater that has the function to induce reactions in process fluids by heating them.

fuse
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: overcurrent protection by fusing function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical current
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: overcurrent protection by fusing function
label: fusível @pt-br
definition: A fuse is an electrical equipment that protects circuits by interrupting current flow through the intentional melting of a fusible element when current exceeds specified values for a sufficient duration.
natural language definition: A fuse is an electrical equipment that protects circuits by interrupting current flow through the intentional melting of a fusible element when current exceeds specified values for a sufficient duration.
natural language definition: Um fusível é um equipamento elétrico que protege circuitos interrompendo o fluxo de corrente através do derretimento intencional de um elemento fusível quando a corrente excede valores especificados por uma duração suficiente. @pt-br

gas cyclone separator
type: Class
subclass of: separator
label: separador ciclônico de gás @pt-br
definition: A gas cyclone separator is a separator that separates solid particles or liquid droplets from gas using centrifugal force generated by cyclonic flow geometry.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (GasCycloneSeparator(x) → Separator(x) ∧ ∃y(CyclonicFlowChamber(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(CentrifugalSeparationProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A gas cyclone separator is a separator that separates solid particles or liquid droplets from gas using centrifugal force generated by cyclonic flow geometry.
natural language definition: Um separador ciclônico de gás é um separador que separa partículas sólidas ou gotículas líquidas do gás usando força centrífuga gerada pela geometria de fluxo ciclônico. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by cyclonic mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any device with cyclonic flow chamber could be falsely classified as gas cyclone separator, including specialized multi-stage cyclones or hybrid separator designs that should not be forced into this standard maintenance category.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gas cyclone separator is a separator that has a cyclonic flow chamber as component part and participates in centrifugal separation processes.

gas detector
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: detector
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: gas detecting measuring element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: gas detection function
subclass of: detector
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: gas detecting measuring element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: gas detection function
label: detector de gás @pt-br
definition: A gas detector is a detector that has the designed function to sense the presence of a specified concentration of a gas.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(GasDetector(x) ↔ (Detector(x) ∧ ∃f(GasDetectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A gas detector is a detector that has the designed function to sense the presence of a specified concentration of a gas.
natural language definition: Um detector de gás é um detector que tem a função projetada de detectar a presença de uma concentração especificada de um gás. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gas detector is a detector that bears a GasDetectionFunction and has a GasDetectingMeasuringElement as component part at all times.

gas engine
type: Class
subclass of: engine
label: motor a gás @pt-br
definition: A gas engine is an engine that uses gaseous fuel as input, employs a spark ignition system, and operates with a reciprocating piston mechanism to generate mechanical energy.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(GasEngine(x) → Engine(x) ∧ ∃f,s,r(GaseousFuelPortion(f) ∧ SparkIgnitionSystem(s) ∧ ReciprocatingPistonMechanism(r) ∧ hasInput(x,f) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A gas engine is an engine that uses gaseous fuel as input, employs a spark ignition system, and operates with a reciprocating piston mechanism to generate mechanical energy.
natural language definition: Um motor a gás é um motor que usa combustível gasoso como entrada, emprega um sistema de ignição por centelha e opera com um mecanismo de pistão alternativo para gerar energia mecânica. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Gas engine is defined by constructive characteristics (gaseous fuel, spark ignition, reciprocating mechanism) rather than a unique function. Under Open World Assumption, making these conditions sufficient could lead to false positives where complex hybrid engines or experimental designs with these features are automatically classified as standard gas engines when they might require different maintenance/operational categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gas engine is an engine that has gaseous fuel portion as input and has spark ignition system as component part at all times and has reciprocating piston mechanism as component part at all times.

gas turbine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: turbine
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: turbine section
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: turbomachinery power generation function
subclass of: turbine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: turbine section
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: turbomachinery power generation function
label: turbina a gás @pt-br
definition: A gas turbine is a turbine that has an integrated compressor and combustion chamber, designed to compress ambient air, mix it with fuel for combustion, and expand the resulting hot gases through a turbine section to generate mechanical power.
natural language definition: A gas turbine is a turbine that has an integrated compressor and combustion chamber, designed to compress ambient air, mix it with fuel for combustion, and expand the resulting hot gases through a turbine section to generate mechanical power.
natural language definition: Uma turbina a gás é uma turbina que possui um compressor e câmara de combustão integrados, projetada para comprimir ar ambiente, misturá-lo com combustível para combustão, e expandir os gases quentes resultantes através de uma seção de turbina para gerar energia mecânica. @pt-br

gasket
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: sealing function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: sealing function
label: junta @pt-br
definition: A gasket is a material artifact made of deformable material arranged in closed loops that bears a sealing function to prevent leakage between mating surfaces with limited relative movement.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Gasket(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SealingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃m(DeformableMaterial(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃g(ClosedLoopGeometry(g) ∧ hasProperty(x,g)))
natural language definition: A gasket is a material artifact made of deformable material arranged in closed loops that bears a sealing function to prevent leakage between mating surfaces with limited relative movement.
natural language definition: Uma junta é um artefato material feito de material deformável arranjado em loops fechados que possui uma função de vedação para prevenir vazamentos entre superfícies de acoplamento com movimento relativo limitado. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gasket is a material artifact that has component part some deformable material and bears some sealing function and has property some closed loop geometry.

gear casing
type: Class
subclass of: casing
label: carcaça de caixa de engrenagens @pt-br
definition: A casing that contains and houses the internal components of a gear mechanism, providing protective enclosure and structural support.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(GearCasing(x) → casing(x) ∧ ∃y(GearMechanism(y) ∧ hasContent(x,y)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A casing that contains and houses the internal components of a gear mechanism, providing protective enclosure and structural support.
natural language definition: Um invólucro que contém e abriga os componentes internos de um mecanismo de engrenagem, fornecendo invólucro protetor e suporte estrutural. @pt-br
primitive rationale: This is a constructive type defined by its physical configuration as a specific type of casing. Under OWA, declaring equivalence could lead to over-classification where any casing containing gear-like components might be inappropriately classified as a standard gear casing, including custom enclosures or hybrid systems that should not fall into this maintenance category.
semi-formal natural language axiom: GearCasing ⊑ casing ⊓ ∃hasContent.GearMechanism

gear pump
type: Class
subclass of: pump
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: pump casing
label: bomba de engrenagem @pt-br
definition: A gear pump is a pump that contains gear teeth within a casing or enclosure to transport liquid at relatively high back pressures through meshing action.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (GearPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃g,c (GearMechanism(g) ∧ PumpCasing(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A gear pump is a pump that contains gear teeth within a casing or enclosure to transport liquid at relatively high back pressures through meshing action.
natural language definition: Uma bomba de engrenagem é uma bomba que contém dentes de engrenagem dentro de um invólucro ou carcaça para transportar líquido em pressões de retorno relativamente altas através de ação de engrenamento. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the gear mechanism is definitionally necessary for gear pumps, making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives - any complex equipment containing gears (like gearboxes with integrated pumps or multi-function units) might be incorrectly classified as standard gear pumps for maintenance purposes.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gear pump is a pump that has as component part at all times a gear mechanism and a pump casing, and bears a pumping function.

gear wheel
type: Class
subclass of: gearbox
label: roda dentada @pt-br
definition: An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power.
natural language definition: Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui dentes circunferenciais para engajamento mecânico positivo com engrenagens ou cremalheiras correspondentes para transmitir movimento rotacional e potência. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive differentia based on physical structure (toothed geometry). Under OWA, asserting equivalence could force classification of complex hybrid mechanisms or specialized toothed components that should not be categorized as standard gear wheels for maintenance purposes.

globe valve body
type: Class
subclass of: valve body
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: enclosure function
label: corpo de válvula globo @pt-br
definition: A valve body that has a globular geometry designed to accommodate the perpendicular flow path and disc closure mechanism characteristic of globe valve operation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (GlobeValveBody(x) → ValveBody(x) ∧ ∃g (GlobularGeometry(g) ∧ hasDesignCharacteristic(x,g)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A valve body that has a globular geometry designed to accommodate the perpendicular flow path and disc closure mechanism characteristic of globe valve operation.
natural language definition: Um corpo de válvula que possui geometria globular projetada para acomodar o caminho de fluxo perpendicular e o mecanismo de fechamento por disco característico da operação de válvula globo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by structural geometry. Under OWA, asserting equivalence based on globular geometry alone could lead to false classifications of complex assemblies or hybrid components that contain globular elements but should not be classified as standard globe valve bodies.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every globe valve body is a valve body that has globular geometry for perpendicular flow path accommodation.

gravity separator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: gravity separation function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: gravity separation function
label: separador gravitacional @pt-br
definition: A gravity separator is a separator that performs separation based on differences in specific gravity of the substances being separated.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(GravitySeparator(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(GravitySeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A gravity separator is a separator that performs separation based on differences in specific gravity of the substances being separated.
natural language definition: Um separador gravitacional é um separador que realiza separação baseada nas diferenças de gravidade específica das substâncias sendo separadas. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every gravity separator is a separator that bears a GravitySeparationFunction

header
type: Class
subclass of: manifold
definition: A header is a manifold that connects to many smaller pipes for collecting discharge from multiple sources or distributing fluid to multiple destinations.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Header(x) ↔ (manifold(x) ∧ ∃y(SmallPipe(y) ∧ connects_to(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(MultiStreamDistributionProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A header is a manifold that connects to many smaller pipes for collecting discharge from multiple sources or distributing fluid to multiple destinations.
natural language definition: Um header é um manifold que se conecta a muitos tubos menores para coletar descarga de múltiplas fontes ou distribuir fluido para múltiplos destinos. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Header ≡ manifold ⊓ ∃connects_to.SmallPipe ⊓ ∃participatesIn.MultiStreamDistributionProcess

heat transfer plate
type: Class
subclass of: heat-transfer device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: heat transfer function
label: MaterialArtifact que possui uma HeatTransferFunction e @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears a HeatTransferFunction and that is intended to be used in a non-tubular heat exchanger to segregate two fluid media while facilitating thermal energy transfer between them.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(HeatTransferPlate(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(HeatTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(MediaSeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears a HeatTransferFunction and that is intended to be used in a non-tubular heat exchanger to segregate two fluid media while facilitating thermal energy transfer between them.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma HeatTransferFunction e que é destinado a ser usado em um trocador de calor não tubular para segregar dois meios fluidos enquanto facilita a transferência de energia térmica entre eles. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification basis requires necessary conditions only. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for 'plate geometry used in non-tubular heat exchangers' could lead to false positives - other components with plate-like surfaces might be incorrectly classified as heat transfer plates without domain expert validation of the structural and application-specific criteria.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every heat transfer plate is a MaterialArtifact that bears a HeatTransferFunction and participates in segregating two fluid media in a non-tubular heat exchanger.

hopper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: solid storage and dispensing function
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: solid storage and dispensing function
definition: A hopper is a vessel that is designed to store solid materials and dispense them through a controlled discharge opening.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Hopper(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(SolidStorageAndDispensingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(SolidDischargeOpening(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))))
natural language definition: A hopper is a vessel that is designed to store solid materials and dispense them through a controlled discharge opening.
natural language definition: Um hopper é um vaso projetado para armazenar materiais sólidos e dispensá-los através de uma abertura de descarga controlada. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every hopper is a vessel that bears a SolidStorageAndDispensingFunction and has a SolidDischargeOpening as component part.

hose
type: Class
subclass of: pipe
label: mangueira @pt-br
definition: A hose is a flexible pipe designed to conduct liquids under pressure while accommodating positional movement and bending.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Hose(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃q(Flexibility(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃c(PressurizedFluidConduction(c) ∧ capableOf(x,c)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A hose is a flexible pipe designed to conduct liquids under pressure while accommodating positional movement and bending.
natural language definition: Uma mangueira é um tubo flexível projetado para conduzir líquidos sob pressão enquanto acomoda movimento posicional e flexão. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical properties (flexibility). Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any artifact with flexibility and pressure capability to be classified as a hose, potentially including complex equipment with flexible components that should not be categorized as standard hoses.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every hose is a pipe that has flexibility and is capable of conducting liquids under pressure.

housing
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: enclosure function
label: carcaça @pt-br
definition: An Assembly that bears both an EnclosureFunction and a SupportFunction, providing protective boundaries around internal components while structurally supporting them.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Housing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f₁(EnclosureFunction(f₁) ∧ bearerOf(x,f₁)) ∧ ∃f₂(SupportFunction(f₂) ∧ bearerOf(x,f₂)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An Assembly that bears both an EnclosureFunction and a SupportFunction, providing protective boundaries around internal components while structurally supporting them.
natural language definition: Um Assembly que possui tanto uma EnclosureFunction quanto uma SupportFunction, fornecendo limites protetivos ao redor de componentes internos enquanto os suporta estruturalmente. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on physical configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force any assembly with enclosure and support functions to be classified as a standard housing, potentially misclassifying specialized equipment with housing-like properties but different maintenance categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Housing SubClassOf Assembly and (bearerOf some EnclosureFunction) and (bearerOf some SupportFunction)

hydraulic actuator
type: Class
subclass of: actuator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical force
label: atuador hidráulico @pt-br
definition: A hydraulic actuator is an actuator that converts hydraulic fluid pressure into mechanical motion through hydraulic power transmission.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A hydraulic actuator is an actuator that converts hydraulic fluid pressure into mechanical motion through hydraulic power transmission.
natural language definition: Um atuador hidráulico é um atuador que converte pressão de fluido hidráulico em movimento mecânico através de transmissão de potência hidráulica. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on hydraulic power source. Under Open World Assumption, asserting equivalence could incorrectly classify complex hydraulic-mechanical hybrid systems or specialized equipment containing hydraulic actuator components as standard hydraulic actuators.

hydraulic motor
type: Class
subclass of: motor
label: motor hidráulico @pt-br
definition: A hydraulic motor is a motor that generates mechanical energy by converting high pressure hydraulic oil to rotational motion.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(HydraulicMotor(x) → Motor(x) ∧ ∃f,p(HydraulicFluidPortion(f) ∧ hasInput(x,f) ∧ HydraulicToMechanicalEnergyConversionProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A hydraulic motor is a motor that generates mechanical energy by converting high pressure hydraulic oil to rotational motion.
natural language definition: Um motor hidráulico é um motor que gera energia mecânica convertendo óleo hidráulico de alta pressão em movimento rotacional. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on hydraulic mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any device with hydraulic input might be misclassified as a hydraulic motor without domain expert validation of the complete structural requirements.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every hydraulic motor is a motor that has hydraulic fluid input and participates in hydraulic-to-mechanical energy conversion process

hydraulic pump
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: positive displacement pump
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: hydraulic pump inlet
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: hydraulic pump outlet
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: hydraulic pumping function
subclass of: positive displacement pump
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: hydraulic pump inlet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: hydraulic pump outlet
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: hydraulic pumping function
label: bomba hidráulica @pt-br
definition: A hydraulic pump is a positive displacement pump that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy for hydraulic drive systems.
natural language definition: A hydraulic pump is a positive displacement pump that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy for hydraulic drive systems.
natural language definition: Uma bomba hidráulica é uma bomba de deslocamento positivo que converte energia mecânica em energia hidráulica para sistemas de acionamento hidráulico. @pt-br

hydrocyclone
type: Class
subclass of: separator
label: hidrociclone @pt-br
definition: A hydrocyclone is a separator that separates fluid mixtures using centrifugal forces generated by tangential flow through a conical chamber.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Hydrocyclone(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃c(ConicalSection(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)) ∧ ∃p(CentrifugalSeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A hydrocyclone is a separator that separates fluid mixtures using centrifugal forces generated by tangential flow through a conical chamber.
natural language definition: Um hidrociclone é um separador que separa misturas de fluidos usando forças centrífugas geradas por fluxo tangencial através de uma câmara cônica. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every hydrocyclone is a separator that has a conical section as component part at all times and participates in centrifugal separation processes.

impeller
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: rotating vanes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: energy transfer function
label: impulsor @pt-br
definition: An impeller is an assembly consisting of rotating vanes mounted on a hub that transfers energy to or from fluids through dynamic rotational force within an enclosure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Impeller(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃v,h(RotatingVanes(v) ∧ Hub(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h) ∧ ∃m(RotationalMotion(m) ∧ participatesIn(x,m)) ∧ ∃f(EnergyTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An impeller is an assembly consisting of rotating vanes mounted on a hub that transfers energy to or from fluids through dynamic rotational force within an enclosure.
natural language definition: Um impulsor é um conjunto que consiste em pás rotativas montadas em um cubo que transfere energia para ou de fluidos através de força rotacional dinâmica dentro de um invólucro. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions for the rotating vane assembly could lead to false positives where other rotating equipment with vanes (like turbine rotors or fan assemblies) might be incorrectly classified as impellers when they should remain in their specific equipment categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every impeller is an assembly that has rotating vanes and a hub as component parts at all times, participates in rotational motion, and bears an energy transfer function.

incinerator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: furnace
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: waste combustion function
subclass of: furnace
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: waste combustion function
label: incinerador @pt-br
definition: An incinerator is a furnace that is designed to combust waste material for disposal purposes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Incinerator(x) ↔ Furnace(x) ∧ ∃f(WasteCombustionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: An incinerator is a furnace that is designed to combust waste material for disposal purposes.
natural language definition: Um incinerador é um forno que é projetado para combustir material de resíduo para fins de descarte. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every incinerator is a furnace that bears a waste combustion function.

injection pump
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pump
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: injection function
subclass of: pump
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: injection function
label: bomba de injeção @pt-br
definition: An injection pump is a pump that is specifically designed to inject fluid into reservoirs or production systems, typically at relatively high pressures.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(InjectionPump(x) ↔ Pump(x) ∧ ∃f(InjectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: An injection pump is a pump that is specifically designed to inject fluid into reservoirs or production systems, typically at relatively high pressures.
natural language definition: Uma bomba de injeção é uma bomba especificamente projetada para injetar fluido em reservatórios ou sistemas de produção, tipicamente em pressões relativamente altas. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every injection pump is a pump that bears an injection function for delivering fluids to reservoirs or production systems.

injection well
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: well
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: injection function
subclass of: well
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: injection function
label: poço de injeção @pt-br
definition: An injection well is a well that bears the designed function of injecting materials into a reservoir at pressure higher than formation pressure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (InjectionWell(x) ↔ (Well(x) ∧ ∃f (InjectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: An injection well is a well that bears the designed function of injecting materials into a reservoir at pressure higher than formation pressure.
natural language definition: Um poço de injeção é um poço que possui a função projetada de injetar materiais em um reservatório a uma pressão superior à pressão da formação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every injection well is a well that has the function to inject materials into a reservoir under pressure.

input shaft
type: Class
subclass of: shaft
label: eixo de entrada @pt-br
definition: An input shaft is a shaft that serves as the entrance point for mechanical energy from an external energy source in a power transmission system.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An input shaft is a shaft that serves as the entrance point for mechanical energy from an external energy source in a power transmission system.
natural language definition: Um eixo de entrada é um eixo que serve como ponto de entrada para energia mecânica de uma fonte de energia externa em um sistema de transmissão de potência. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on physical configuration as energy entrance point. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions could lead to false positives where any shaft receiving external energy input would be classified as a standard input shaft, even specialized or hybrid configurations that should remain in different maintenance categories.

kettle reboiler
type: Class
subclass of: heat exchanger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: separate vapour space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: reboiling function
label: refervedor tipo kettle @pt-br
definition: A kettle reboiler is a reboiler that has horizontal orientation and contains a separate vapour space for vapor-liquid disengagement.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(KettleReboiler(x) → Reboiler(x) ∧ ∃q(HorizontalOrientation(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃v(SeparateVapourSpace(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A kettle reboiler is a reboiler that has horizontal orientation and contains a separate vapour space for vapor-liquid disengagement.
natural language definition: Um refervedor tipo kettle é um refervedor que possui orientação horizontal e contém um espaço de vapor separado para desengajamento vapor-líquido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by specific physical configuration. Under Open World Assumption, sufficient conditions could incorrectly classify equipment with horizontal orientation and vapor space but fundamentally different purposes (e.g., horizontal separators, flash drums) as kettle reboilers. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions for the kettle reboiler maintenance/procurement category.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every kettle reboiler is a reboiler that has horizontal orientation and has a separate vapour space as component part.

knock out drum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: knock out separation function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: knock out separation function
label: vaso separador de condensado @pt-br
definition: A knock out drum is a separator designed to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapor stream through gravitational and momentum-based phase separation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(KnockOutDrum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(KnockOutSeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A knock out drum is a separator designed to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapor stream through gravitational and momentum-based phase separation.
natural language definition: Um vaso separador de condensado é um separador projetado para separar quantidades relativamente pequenas de líquido de uma corrente de vapor através de separação de fases gravitacional e baseada em momento. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every knock out drum is a separator that bears a knock out separation function, which is realized in processes that separate small quantities of liquid from vapor streams.

level switch
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: level switching function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: level switching function
label: interruptor de nível @pt-br
definition: A level switch is an instrument that bears a LevelSwitchingFunction, combining level detection with switching capability to provide discrete on/off electrical signals when fluid or particulate material levels reach preset values.
natural language definition: A level switch is an instrument that bears a LevelSwitchingFunction, combining level detection with switching capability to provide discrete on/off electrical signals when fluid or particulate material levels reach preset values.
natural language definition: Um interruptor de nível é um instrumento que possui uma Função de Comutação de Nível, combinando detecção de nível com capacidade de comutação para fornecer sinais elétricos discretos ligado/desligado quando níveis de fluidos ou materiais particulados atingem valores predefinidos. @pt-br

load cell
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: force to electrical transduction function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical force
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: force to electrical transduction function
label: célula de carga @pt-br
definition: A load cell is an instrument that converts mechanical force (tension, compression, pressure, or torque) into a proportional electrical signal for measurement purposes.
natural language definition: A load cell is an instrument that converts mechanical force (tension, compression, pressure, or torque) into a proportional electrical signal for measurement purposes.
natural language definition: Uma célula de carga é um instrumento que converte força mecânica (tração, compressão, pressão ou torque) em um sinal elétrico proporcional para fins de medição. @pt-br

manifold
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: chamber
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: fluid opening
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: fluid distribution function
definition: A manifold is an assembly that has a chamber with multiple fluid openings designed to distribute fluid flow.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Manifold(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃c(Chamber(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)) ∧ ∃o(MultipleFluidOpenings(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o)) ∧ ∃f(FluidDistributionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A manifold is an assembly that has a chamber with multiple fluid openings designed to distribute fluid flow.
natural language definition: Um manifold é um conjunto que possui uma câmara com múltiplas aberturas de fluido projetada para distribuir o fluxo de fluido. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As a constructive type, manifolds are defined by structural configuration. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any assembly with a chamber and multiple openings to be classified as a manifold, potentially misclassifying complex equipment with manifold-like components (e.g., turbine casings, complex valves). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every manifold is an assembly that has-component-part-at-all-times some chamber and has-component-part-at-all-times some multiple fluid openings and bears some fluid distribution function.

manual actuator
type: Class
subclass of: actuator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
label: atuador manual @pt-br
definition: A manual actuator is an actuator that converts human-operated control inputs into mechanical movement or force through direct physical operation.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A manual actuator is an actuator that converts human-operated control inputs into mechanical movement or force through direct physical operation.
natural language definition: Um atuador manual é um atuador que converte entradas de controle operadas por humanos em movimento mecânico ou força através de operação física direta. @pt-br

mill
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: material processing function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: material processing function
label: moinho @pt-br
definition: A mill is an assembly that bears a material processing function to reduce particle size or modify solid materials through mechanical grinding, cutting, or crushing operations.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Mill(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(MaterialProcessingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A mill is an assembly that bears a material processing function to reduce particle size or modify solid materials through mechanical grinding, cutting, or crushing operations.
natural language definition: Um moinho é um conjunto que possui uma função de processamento de material para reduzir o tamanho de partículas ou modificar materiais sólidos através de operações mecânicas de moagem, corte ou trituração. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every mill is an assembly that has the function to process materials, and every assembly that has the function to process materials is a mill.

mixer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: mixing function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: mixing function
label: misturador @pt-br
definition: A mixer is an assembly that has the designed function to blend or combine two or more fluid ingredients into a homogeneous mixture.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Mixer(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f (MixingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A mixer is an assembly that has the designed function to blend or combine two or more fluid ingredients into a homogeneous mixture.
natural language definition: Um misturador é um conjunto que tem a função projetada de misturar ou combinar dois ou mais ingredientes fluidos em uma mistura homogênea. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every mixer is an assembly that bears a mixing function, and every assembly that bears a mixing function is a mixer.

motor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: mechanical energy generation function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: mechanical energy generation function
definition: A motor is an assembly that bears a mechanical energy generation function to convert electrical, chemical, pneumatic, or hydraulic energy into rotational mechanical energy.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Motor(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(RotationalKineticEnergy(e) ∧ hasOutput(x,e)))
natural language definition: A motor is an assembly that bears a mechanical energy generation function to convert electrical, chemical, pneumatic, or hydraulic energy into rotational mechanical energy.
natural language definition: Um motor é um conjunto que possui uma função de geração de energia mecânica para converter energia elétrica, química, pneumática ou hidráulica em energia mecânica rotacional. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every motor is an assembly that has the function of generating mechanical energy and has as output rotational kinetic energy.

nozzle
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: fluid direction function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: fluid direction function
label: bocal @pt-br
definition: A nozzle is a material artifact that has a protruding part with a shaped orifice designed to direct fluid flow into a specific pattern.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Nozzle(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidDirectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃o(ShapedOrifice(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o)) ∧ ∃p(ProtrudingPart(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
natural language definition: A nozzle is a material artifact that has a protruding part with a shaped orifice designed to direct fluid flow into a specific pattern.
natural language definition: Um bocal é um artefato material que possui uma parte protuberante com um orifício moldado projetado para direcionar o fluxo de fluido em um padrão específico. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every nozzle is a material artifact that bears a fluid direction function and has a shaped orifice and protruding part as component parts.

output shaft
type: Class
subclass of: shaft
label: eixo de saída @pt-br
definition: A Shaft that participates in mechanical energy output processes, serving as the exit point for mechanical energy transmission from a prime mover to external energy consuming equipment.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A Shaft that participates in mechanical energy output processes, serving as the exit point for mechanical energy transmission from a prime mover to external energy consuming equipment.
natural language definition: Um Eixo que participa em processos de saída de energia mecânica, servindo como ponto de saída para transmissão de energia mecânica de um motor primário para equipamentos consumidores de energia externos. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on positional role within mechanical systems. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would be difficult to specify without risk of misclassifying intermediate shafts or complex multi-shaft arrangements that happen to have output characteristics.

pig launcher
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pig launching function
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pig launching function
label: lançador de pig @pt-br
definition: A pig launcher is a vessel that bears a pig launching function for inserting pipeline pigs into pipeline systems.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PigLauncher(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(PigLaunchingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(PipelineConnection(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))
natural language definition: A pig launcher is a vessel that bears a pig launching function for inserting pipeline pigs into pipeline systems.
natural language definition: Um lançador de pig é um vaso que possui função de lançamento de pig para inserir pigs de duto em sistemas de tubulação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pig launcher is a vessel that has the function to launch pipeline pigs and has a pipeline connection component.

pig receiver
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pig receiving function
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pig receiving function
label: recebedor de pig @pt-br
definition: A pig receiver is a vessel that has the function to receive pipe pigs from a pipeline.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PigReceiver(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(PigReceivingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A pig receiver is a vessel that has the function to receive pipe pigs from a pipeline.
natural language definition: Um recebedor de pig é um vaso que tem a função de receber pigs de tubulação de um duto. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pig receiver is a vessel that bears a pig receiving function.

pig trap
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: pig launcher
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: pig receiver
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pig launching and receiving function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: pig launcher
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: pig receiver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pig launching and receiving function
label: armadilha de pig @pt-br
definition: A pig trap is an assembly that bears the function of launching and receiving pipe pigs for pipeline maintenance and has both launcher and receiver components.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PigTrap(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(PigLaunchingAndReceivingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃l(PigLauncher(l) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,l)) ∧ ∃r(PigReceiver(r) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r)))
natural language definition: A pig trap is an assembly that bears the function of launching and receiving pipe pigs for pipeline maintenance and has both launcher and receiver components.
natural language definition: Uma armadilha de pig é um conjunto que possui a função de lançar e receber pigs de tubulação para manutenção de dutos e possui componentes de lançador e receptor. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pig trap is an assembly that bears a pig launching and receiving function and has component parts that are a pig launcher and a pig receiver.

pipe
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: fluid conduction function
label: tubo @pt-br
definition: A pipe is a material artifact characterized by tubular geometry and longitudinal extent, designed to conduct liquid, gaseous or finely divided solid materials from one location to another, or to serve structural purposes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Pipe(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidConductionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)) ∧ ∃g(TubularGeometry(g) ∧ hasPhysicalProperty(x,g)) ∧ ∃h(LongitudinalExtent(h) ∧ hasPhysicalProperty(x,h)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A pipe is a material artifact characterized by tubular geometry and longitudinal extent, designed to conduct liquid, gaseous or finely divided solid materials from one location to another, or to serve structural purposes.
natural language definition: Um tubo é um artefato material caracterizado por geometria tubular e extensão longitudinal, projetado para conduzir materiais líquidos, gasosos ou sólidos finamente divididos de um local para outro, ou para servir a propósitos estruturais. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because pipe is defined by constructive/geometric properties (tubular geometry, longitudinal extent) rather than purely functional criteria. Under Open World Assumption, asserting sufficient conditions based on geometric properties could lead to unintended classification of complex tubular structures that happen to conduct fluids but should not be categorized as standard pipes.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pipe is a material artifact that has fluid conduction function and has tubular geometry and has longitudinal extent.

pipe bend
type: Class
subclass of: pipe
label: curva de tubo @pt-br
definition: A pipe bend is a pipe that has a curved geometry to change piping direction with a non-standard radius.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PipeBend(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃g (CurvedGeometry(g) ∧ hasQuality(x,g)) ∧ ∃r (NonStandardBendRadius(r) ∧ hasQuality(x,r)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A pipe bend is a pipe that has a curved geometry to change piping direction with a non-standard radius.
natural language definition: Uma curva de tubo é um tubo que possui geometria curvada para mudar a direção da tubulação com um raio não padrão. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the curved geometry with non-standard radius is distinctive, making it sufficient under OWA could force classification of complex piping assemblies or custom manifolds containing bent sections into this maintenance category inappropriately.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pipe bend is a pipe that has curved geometry and has non-standard bend radius.

pipe elbow
type: Class
subclass of: pipe
label: cotovelo de tubulação @pt-br
definition: A pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry enabling directional changes in pipe runs between 0 and 135 degrees.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PipeElbow(x) → (Pipe(x) ∧ ∃g(CurvedGeometry(g) ∧ hasGeometricProperty(x,g)) ∧ ∃p(DirectionalChangeCapacity(p) ∧ hasProperty(x,p))))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry enabling directional changes in pipe runs between 0 and 135 degrees.
natural language definition: Um cotovelo de tubulação é uma tubulação que possui geometria curva permitindo mudanças direcionais em trechos de tubulação entre 0 e 135 graus. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type protects against false positives under OWA. Any curved piping component would be forcibly classified as a pipe elbow under equivalent axioms, including specialized equipment like coiled tubing, serpentine heat exchanger tubes, or custom manifold sections that contain curved passages but should not be asserted into the standard pipe elbow maintenance category.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry and enables directional change capacity between 0 and 135 degrees.

pipe reducer
type: Class
subclass of: pipe
label: redutor de tubulação @pt-br
definition: A pipe reducer is a pipe that has different nominal pipe sizes at its two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components of different sizes.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PipeReducer(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃i,o (InletEnd(i) ∧ OutletEnd(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,i) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o) ∧ DifferentNominalPipeSizes(i,o)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A pipe reducer is a pipe that has different nominal pipe sizes at its two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components of different sizes.
natural language definition: Um redutor de tubulação é um tubo que possui tamanhos nominais diferentes de tubulação em suas duas extremidades, destinado a conectar tubos ou componentes de tubulação de tamanhos diferentes. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As a constructive type defined by geometric configuration, sufficient conditions are omitted under the Open World Assumption to prevent false positives. Complex assemblies or custom manifolds containing size transitions should not be automatically classified as standard pipe reducers without explicit assertion.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pipe reducer is a pipe that has an inlet end and outlet end with different nominal pipe sizes

pipe tee
type: Class
subclass of: pipe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: branch port
label: tê de tubulação @pt-br
definition: A pipe tee is a pipe fitting that has three fluid ports arranged in T-shaped configuration, with one branch port perpendicular to two run ports, designed to realize fluid conduction function through flow division or combination.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PipeTee(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃p1,p2,p3(BranchPort(p1) ∧ RunPort(p2) ∧ RunPort(p3) ∧ hasPartAtAllTimes(x,p1) ∧ hasPartAtAllTimes(x,p2) ∧ hasPartAtAllTimes(x,p3) ∧ perpendicularTo(p1,p2) ∧ perpendicularTo(p1,p3)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A pipe tee is a pipe fitting that has three fluid ports arranged in T-shaped configuration, with one branch port perpendicular to two run ports, designed to realize fluid conduction function through flow division or combination.
natural language definition: Um tê de tubulação é uma conexão de tubulação que possui três portas de fluido dispostas em configuração em formato de T, com uma porta de ramal perpendicular a duas portas de passagem, projetada para realizar função de condução de fluido através de divisão ou combinação de fluxo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. The T-shaped geometric configuration with three specific ports is a structural differentia that is harder to make sufficient under OWA. Custom manifolds or complex fittings might contain T-shaped passages but should not be automatically classified as standard pipe tees without domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pipe tee is a pipe that has exactly three fluid ports arranged in T-configuration and bears a fluid conduction function

pipeline
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: engineered system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: fluid transport function
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at some time
    some values from: pipe
subclass of: engineered system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: fluid transport function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at some time
  some values from: pipe
definition: A pipeline is an engineered system that bears a fluid transport function, consisting of pipes and possibly including pumps, valves, and control devices, designed for conveying liquids, gases, or finely divided solids between locations.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Pipeline(x) ↔ EngineeredSystem(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidTransportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A pipeline is an engineered system that bears a fluid transport function, consisting of pipes and possibly including pumps, valves, and control devices, designed for conveying liquids, gases, or finely divided solids between locations.
natural language definition: Um pipeline é um sistema engenheirado que possui uma função de transporte de fluidos, consistindo de tubos e possivelmente incluindo bombas, válvulas e dispositivos de controle, projetado para transportar líquidos, gases ou sólidos finamente divididos entre locais. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pipeline is an engineered system that bears a fluid transport function and has pipe as a component part at some time.

pneumatic actuator
type: Class
subclass of: actuator
label: atuador pneumático @pt-br
definition: A pneumatic actuator is an actuator that operates using pneumatic power.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A pneumatic actuator is an actuator that operates using pneumatic power.
natural language definition: Um atuador pneumático é um atuador que opera usando energia pneumática. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type where pneumatic mechanism is necessary but may not be sufficient under OWA. Specialized pneumatic equipment (pneumatic tools, pneumatic cylinders) might have pneumatic power but should not be classified as actuators without additional validation of their actuation role in control systems.

pneumatic motor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: motor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pneumatic motor function
subclass of: motor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pneumatic motor function
label: motor pneumático @pt-br
definition: A pneumatic motor is a motor that converts compressed gas energy into mechanical rotational energy.
natural language definition: A pneumatic motor is a motor that converts compressed gas energy into mechanical rotational energy.
natural language definition: Um motor pneumático é um motor que converte energia de gás comprimido em energia mecânica rotacional. @pt-br

port
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: interfacing function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: interfacing function
label: MaterialArtifact que possui uma InterfacingFunction e @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears an InterfacingFunction and that is capable of providing a point of interface for communication with another object.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Port(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(InterfacingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears an InterfacingFunction and that is capable of providing a point of interface for communication with another object.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma InterfacingFunction e que é capaz de fornecer um ponto de interface para comunicação com outro objeto. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Port ≡ MaterialArtifact ⊓ ∃bearerOf.InterfacingFunction

position transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: position transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: position transmission function
label: transmissor de posição @pt-br
definition: A position transmitter is a transmitter that measures position or displacement and converts it to a standardized output signal.
natural language definition: A position transmitter is a transmitter that measures position or displacement and converts it to a standardized output signal.
natural language definition: Um transmissor de posição é um transmissor que mede posição ou deslocamento e o converte em um sinal de saída padronizado. @pt-br

positive displacement pump
type: Class
subclass of: pump
label: bomba de deslocamento positivo @pt-br
definition: A positive displacement pump is a pump that transports liquid through reciprocating or rotary displacement principle with fixed displacement volume per cycle.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PositiveDisplacementPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃y(DisplacementMechanism(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(PositiveDisplacementProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A positive displacement pump is a pump that transports liquid through reciprocating or rotary displacement principle with fixed displacement volume per cycle.
natural language definition: Uma bomba de deslocamento positivo é uma bomba que transporta líquido através do princípio de deslocamento alternativo ou rotativo com volume de deslocamento fixo por ciclo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions based on displacement mechanism alone could lead to false positives where specialized equipment containing displacement elements might be incorrectly classified as standard positive displacement pumps.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every positive displacement pump is a pump that has a displacement mechanism as component part at all times and participates in positive displacement processes.

power transformer primary winding
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electrical power transformation function
label: enrolamento de transformador @pt-br
definition: A TransformerWinding that is part of a power transformer and that serves as the primary winding receiving input electrical power for electromagnetic transformation.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A TransformerWinding that is part of a power transformer and that serves as the primary winding receiving input electrical power for electromagnetic transformation.
natural language definition: Um enrolamento de transformador que é parte de um transformador de potência e que serve como enrolamento primário recebendo energia elétrica de entrada para transformação eletromagnética. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on structural position within power transformer. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for primary winding configuration would risk false positives for specialized or hybrid transformer components that contain primary-like windings but should not be classified as standard power transformer primary windings.

power transformer secondary winding
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electrical power transformation function
label: enrolamento secundário de transformador de potência @pt-br
definition: A FiatObjectPart that is the secondary winding of a power transformer and that bears a SecondaryWindingFunction consisting in delivering transformed electrical power at the output voltage level.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A FiatObjectPart that is the secondary winding of a power transformer and that bears a SecondaryWindingFunction consisting in delivering transformed electrical power at the output voltage level.
natural language definition: Uma FiatObjectPart que é o enrolamento secundário de um transformador de potência e que possui uma SecondaryWindingFunction consistindo em fornecer energia elétrica transformada no nível de tensão de saída. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification basis - the physical configuration (being the secondary winding of a power transformer) provides necessary conditions, but sufficient conditions are harder to assert under OWA without risking false positives for specialized or hybrid transformer configurations.

pressure indicating transmitter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transmitter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure indicating and transmission function
subclass of: transmitter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure indicating and transmission function
label: transmissor indicador de pressão @pt-br
definition: A pressure indicating transmitter is a transmitter that measures pressure and provides both local visual indication and electrical signal transmission of the pressure value.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (PressureIndicatingTransmitter(x) ↔ Transmitter(x) ∧ ∃f(PressureIndicatingAndTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃i(PressureSignal(i) ∧ hasInput(x,i)) ∧ ∃o1(ElectricalSignal(o1) ∧ hasOutput(x,o1)) ∧ ∃o2(LocalPressureDisplay(o2) ∧ hasOutput(x,o2)))
natural language definition: A pressure indicating transmitter is a transmitter that measures pressure and provides both local visual indication and electrical signal transmission of the pressure value.
natural language definition: Um transmissor indicador de pressão é um transmissor que mede pressão e fornece tanto indicação visual local quanto transmissão de sinal elétrico do valor da pressão. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pressure indicating transmitter is a transmitter that bears a pressure indicating and transmission function, has pressure signal as input, and has both electrical signal output and local pressure display.

pump casing
type: Class
subclass of: casing
label: carcaça de bomba @pt-br
definition: A casing that surrounds an impeller and has integral suction and discharge nozzles as structural components, typically applied in centrifugal pumps.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(PumpCasing(x) → Casing(x) ∧ ∃y(Impeller(y) ∧ surrounds(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(SuctionNozzle(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)) ∧ ∃w(DischargeNozzle(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A casing that surrounds an impeller and has integral suction and discharge nozzles as structural components, typically applied in centrifugal pumps.
natural language definition: Um invólucro que envolve um impulsor e possui bocais de sucção e descarga integrais como componentes estruturais, tipicamente aplicado em bombas centrífugas. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on physical configuration. Under Open World Assumption, structural characteristics are harder to make sufficient - any assembly with an impeller and integral nozzles might be classified as a pump casing even if it serves a different specialized purpose. Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every pump casing is a casing that surrounds an impeller and has integral suction and discharge nozzles forming part of its structure.

pump shaft
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: power transmission function
label: eixo de bomba @pt-br
definition: A pump shaft is a MaterialArtifact that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that is equipped with impeller(s), bearings, bushings, and sealing elements as part of a pump assembly for transmitting rotational mechanical energy to enable fluid pumping operations.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A pump shaft is a MaterialArtifact that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that is equipped with impeller(s), bearings, bushings, and sealing elements as part of a pump assembly for transmitting rotational mechanical energy to enable fluid pumping operations.
natural language definition: Um eixo de bomba é um MaterialArtifact que possui uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que é equipado com impulsor(es), mancais, buchas e elementos de vedação como parte de um conjunto de bomba para transmitir energia mecânica rotacional e possibilitar operações de bombeamento de fluidos. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As a constructive type defined by physical configuration, sufficient conditions are omitted to avoid false positives under OWA. Any rotating component with an impeller and bearings could theoretically be classified as a pump shaft under sufficient conditions, including hybrid equipment or specialized assemblies that should not be automatically categorized as standard pump shafts.

reciprocating pump
type: Class
subclass of: pump
label: bomba alternativa @pt-br
definition: A reciprocating pump is a pump that contains pistons or plungers designed to move in a reciprocating motion within cylindrical chambers to displace fluid through positive displacement action.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(ReciprocatingPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃m(ReciprocatingDisplacementMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃p(PistonOrPlunger(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)) ∧ ∃c(CylindricalChamber(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A reciprocating pump is a pump that contains pistons or plungers designed to move in a reciprocating motion within cylindrical chambers to displace fluid through positive displacement action.
natural language definition: Uma bomba alternativa é uma bomba que contém pistões ou êmbolos projetados para se moverem em movimento alternativo dentro de câmaras cilíndricas para deslocar fluido através de ação de deslocamento positivo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. Under Open World Assumption, asserting equivalence based on structural differentia could lead to false positives where complex equipment containing reciprocating elements (like reciprocating compressors with auxiliary pumps, or hybrid systems) might be incorrectly classified as standard reciprocating pumps. The structural mechanism is necessary but sufficient conditions require domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every reciprocating pump is a pump that has as component part at all times a reciprocating displacement mechanism and has as component part at all times pistons or plungers and has as component part at all times cylindrical chambers.

relay
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: signal relay function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: signal relay function
label: relé @pt-br
definition: A relay is an electrical switching device that bears a signal relay function, realized by passing on information or signals from one circuit to control operations in another circuit.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Relay(x) ↔ (ElectricalSwitchingDevice(x) ∧ ∃f(SignalRelayFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A relay is an electrical switching device that bears a signal relay function, realized by passing on information or signals from one circuit to control operations in another circuit.
natural language definition: Um relé é um dispositivo de comutação elétrica que possui uma função de relé de sinal, realizada ao transmitir informações ou sinais de um circuito para controlar operações em outro circuito. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every Relay is an ElectricalSwitchingDevice that bearerOf some SignalRelayFunction

riser
type: Class
subclass of: pipe
definition: A riser is a pipe that has vertical or near-vertical orientation and is designed for the upward flow of liquid or gas.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Riser(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃q(VerticalOrientation(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃p(UpwardFlowProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A riser is a pipe that has vertical or near-vertical orientation and is designed for the upward flow of liquid or gas.
natural language definition: Um riser é um tubo que tem orientação vertical ou quase vertical e é projetado para o fluxo ascendente de líquido ou gás. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical configuration. Under OWA, any pipe with vertical orientation and upward flow could be forced into this category, including specialized equipment that should not be classified as standard risers (e.g., reactor internals, distillation column internals). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every riser is a pipe that has vertical orientation and participates in upward flow processes.

rotary actuator
type: Class
subclass of: actuator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
label: atuador rotativo @pt-br
definition: A rotary actuator is an actuator that causes rotary motion by converting control signals into controlled rotational mechanical output.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A rotary actuator is an actuator that causes rotary motion by converting control signals into controlled rotational mechanical output.
natural language definition: Um atuador rotativo é um atuador que causa movimento rotativo convertendo sinais de controle em saída mecânica rotacional controlada. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on rotary motion mechanism. Under OWA, providing sufficient conditions could lead to over-classification where any equipment that happens to produce rotary motion (motors, turbines, etc.) might be incorrectly classified as rotary actuators. The rotary motion differentia is necessary but requires domain expert validation to confirm it is sufficient for the actuator equipment category.

rotary pump
type: Class
subclass of: positive displacement pump
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: drive shaft
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: pump chamber
label: bomba rotativa @pt-br
definition: A rotary pump is a positive displacement pump that contains a chamber with gears, cams, screws, vanes, plungers or similar elements actuated by relative rotation of the drive shaft or casing, and which has no separate inlet and outlet valves.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (RotaryPump(x) → PositiveDisplacementPump(x) ∧ ∃y (RotaryDisplacementMechanism(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ¬∃z (SeparateInletValve(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)) ∧ ¬∃w (SeparateOutletValve(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A rotary pump is a positive displacement pump that contains a chamber with gears, cams, screws, vanes, plungers or similar elements actuated by relative rotation of the drive shaft or casing, and which has no separate inlet and outlet valves.
natural language definition: Uma bomba rotativa é uma bomba de deslocamento positivo que contém uma câmara com engrenagens, cames, parafusos, palhetas, êmbolos ou elementos similares acionados pela rotação relativa do eixo de acionamento ou carcaça, e que não possui válvulas separadas de entrada e saída. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the rotary mechanism is clearly necessary for rotary pumps, making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives where complex equipment containing rotary elements (like gearboxes with pumping side-effects or hybrid machines) might be misclassified as standard rotary pumps. The constructive differentia should be validated by domain experts before upgrading to equivalence.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every rotary pump is a positive displacement pump that has a rotary displacement mechanism as component part and lacks separate inlet and outlet valves.

rotor
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: rotational energy transfer function
definition: An Assembly that participates in rotational motion and has a rotor shaft as an essential component, designed to transfer mechanical energy through rotational motion within a machine assembly.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An Assembly that participates in rotational motion and has a rotor shaft as an essential component, designed to transfer mechanical energy through rotational motion within a machine assembly.
natural language definition: Um Assembly que participa em movimento rotacional e tem um eixo do rotor como componente essencial, projetado para transferir energia mecânica através de movimento rotacional dentro de um conjunto de máquina. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As a constructive type defined by physical configuration (rotating portion with shaft), providing sufficient conditions under OWA could lead to overclassification. Complex assemblies containing rotating elements might be incorrectly classified as rotors rather than their proper categories (motors, compressors, etc.).

rupture disc
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pressure relief function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pressure relief function
label: disco de ruptura @pt-br
definition: A rupture disc is an instrument that realizes pressure relief through irreversible rupture at a calibrated pressure.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (RuptureDisc(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(PressureReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(IrreversibleRuptureProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃q(CalibrationPressure(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)))
natural language definition: A rupture disc is an instrument that realizes pressure relief through irreversible rupture at a calibrated pressure.
natural language definition: Um disco de ruptura é um instrumento que realiza alívio de pressão através de ruptura irreversível em uma pressão calibrada. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every rupture disc is an instrument that has the function to relieve pressure and participates in irreversible rupture processes at calibrated pressure thresholds.

scraper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: scraping function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: scraping function
label: raspador @pt-br
definition: A scraper is a material artifact that bears a scraping function for mechanically removing deposits, debris, or contaminants from surfaces.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Scraper(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(ScrapingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A scraper is a material artifact that bears a scraping function for mechanically removing deposits, debris, or contaminants from surfaces.
natural language definition: Um raspador é um artefato material que possui uma função de raspagem para remover mecanicamente depósitos, detritos ou contaminantes de superfícies. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every scraper is a material artifact that has a scraping function, and every material artifact that has a scraping function is a scraper.

scrubber
type: Class
subclass of: separator
label: lavador de gases @pt-br
definition: A scrubber is a separator that cleans gas by washing the gas flow with liquid to remove contaminants such as dust, particles, or undesired substances.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Scrubber(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f,p,g,l (SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f) ∧ LiquidWashingProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p) ∧ GasPortion(g) ∧ LiquidPortion(l) ∧ hasInput(x,g) ∧ hasInput(x,l)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A scrubber is a separator that cleans gas by washing the gas flow with liquid to remove contaminants such as dust, particles, or undesired substances.
natural language definition: Um lavador de gases é um separador que limpa gás através da lavagem do fluxo gasoso com líquido para remover contaminantes como poeira, partículas ou substâncias indesejadas. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every scrubber is a separator that has the function of separation and participates in liquid washing processes with both gas and liquid inputs.

shaft
type: Class
subclass of: drive shaft
label: eixo @pt-br
definition: An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has component parts including shaft keys for torque transmission and shaft seals for leakage prevention, serving as the core rotating element in rotating machinery.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has component parts including shaft keys for torque transmission and shaft seals for leakage prevention, serving as the core rotating element in rotating machinery.
natural language definition: Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui partes componentes incluindo chavetas de eixo para transmissão de torque e vedações de eixo para prevenção de vazamento, servindo como o elemento rotativo central em máquinas rotativas. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on physical structure. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for shaft identity could lead to false positives - any assembly with a shaft key and rotational motion might be classified as a shaft rather than a more specific equipment type that contains a shaft. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions while allowing domain experts to validate sufficiency.

shaker
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: shaking function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: shaking function
label: agitador @pt-br
definition: A shaker is an assembly that bears a shaking function, capable of producing vibrating or oscillating motion for material processing, agitation, or separation.
first-order logic axiom: Shaker(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ShakingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))
natural language definition: A shaker is an assembly that bears a shaking function, capable of producing vibrating or oscillating motion for material processing, agitation, or separation.
natural language definition: Um agitador é um conjunto que possui uma função de agitação, capaz de produzir movimento vibratório ou oscilatório para processamento, agitação ou separação de materiais. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every shaker is an assembly that has the capability of shaking and contains a vibration mechanism and a shaking element.

shear ram
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: shearing blade
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: pipe shearing function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: shearing blade
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: pipe shearing function
label: aríete de corte @pt-br
definition: A shear ram is a ram that bears a pipe shearing function and has hardened cutting blades designed to cut drillpipe or tubing during blowout prevention operations.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(ShearRam(x) ↔ Ram(x) ∧ ∃f(PipeShearingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃b(ShearingBlade(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b)))
natural language definition: A shear ram is a ram that bears a pipe shearing function and has hardened cutting blades designed to cut drillpipe or tubing during blowout prevention operations.
natural language definition: Um aríete de corte é um aríete que possui função de corte de tubulação e tem lâminas de corte endurecidas projetadas para cortar a coluna de perfuração ou tubulação durante operações de prevenção de blowout. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every shear ram is a ram that has the function to shear pipe and has shearing blades as component parts at all times.

sheave
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical force
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: power transmission function
label: polia @pt-br
definition: A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes.
natural language definition: Uma polia é um artefato material que é uma roda sulcada projetada para transmitir energia mecânica através da interface com correias, cordas, cabos ou tubos. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on physical structure. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions based solely on having a grooved rim could lead to false positives where other grooved mechanical elements (like timing belt pulleys with different design intents) are automatically classified as sheaves. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions while allowing domain experts to confirm sufficient conditions.

silencer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: noise silencing function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: noise silencing function
label: silenciador @pt-br
definition: A silencer is an assembly that bears the designed function of reducing noise levels through acoustic treatment of fluid streams.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Silencer(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(NoiseSilencingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A silencer is an assembly that bears the designed function of reducing noise levels through acoustic treatment of fluid streams.
natural language definition: Um silenciador é uma montagem que possui a função projetada de reduzir níveis de ruído através do tratamento acústico de fluxos de fluidos. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every silencer is an assembly that has the function to silence noise, and every assembly that has the function to silence noise is a silencer.

silo
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: solid bulk storage function
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: solid bulk storage function
definition: A silo is a vessel that bears a solid bulk storage function and has a conical bottom section for facilitating the storage and discharge of bulk solid materials.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Silo(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(SolidBulkStorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(ConicalBottom(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))
natural language definition: A silo is a vessel that bears a solid bulk storage function and has a conical bottom section for facilitating the storage and discharge of bulk solid materials.
natural language definition: Um silo é um vaso que possui uma função de armazenamento de sólidos a granel e tem uma seção inferior cônica para facilitar o armazenamento e descarga de materiais sólidos a granel. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every silo is a vessel that has the function of storing bulk solids and has a conical bottom component.

skid
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: equipment support function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: equipment support function
definition: A skid is an assembly that bears an equipment support function, consisting of a support frame and mounting points, designed to support equipment items during manufacturing, transportation, handling, and installation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Skid(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EquipmentSupportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(SupportFrame(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃m(MountingPoint(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m))))
natural language definition: A skid is an assembly that bears an equipment support function, consisting of a support frame and mounting points, designed to support equipment items during manufacturing, transportation, handling, and installation.
natural language definition: Um skid é uma montagem que possui uma função de suporte de equipamento, consistindo de uma estrutura de suporte e pontos de montagem, projetada para suportar itens de equipamento durante fabricação, transporte, manuseio e instalação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every skid is an assembly that bears an equipment support function and has a support frame and mounting points as component parts at all times.

solenoid actuator
type: Class
subclass of: electric actuator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
label: atuador solenoide @pt-br
definition: A solenoid actuator is an electric actuator that utilizes a continuous duty linear solenoid to convert electrical energy into mechanical power via a plunger with an axial stroke in either a push or pull action.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A solenoid actuator is an electric actuator that utilizes a continuous duty linear solenoid to convert electrical energy into mechanical power via a plunger with an axial stroke in either a push or pull action.
natural language definition: Um atuador solenoide é um atuador elétrico que utiliza um solenoide linear de serviço contínuo para converter energia elétrica em energia mecânica através de um êmbolo com curso axial em ação de empurrar ou puxar. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by solenoid mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force any device with solenoid and plunger components to be classified as a solenoid actuator, potentially misclassifying complex hybrid devices or specialized equipment containing solenoid components but serving different primary functions.

spacer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: spacing function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: spacing function
label: espaçador @pt-br
definition: A spacer is a material artifact that has the function of maintaining spatial separation or distance between physical objects or fluids.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Spacer(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SpacingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A spacer is a material artifact that has the function of maintaining spatial separation or distance between physical objects or fluids.
natural language definition: Um espaçador é um artefato material que tem a função de manter separação espacial ou distância entre objetos físicos ou fluidos. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every spacer is a material artifact that bears a spacing function

stator
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at some time
  some values from: stator winding
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: stationary machine component function
label: MaterialArtifact que possui uma StationaryMachineComponentFunction e @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears a StationaryMachineComponentFunction and that is the stationary structural component within rotating machinery, providing housing and positional stability for active elements such as windings, vanes, or seals.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Stator(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(StationaryMachineComponentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃m(RotatingMachine(m) ∧ partOf(x,m)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that bears a StationaryMachineComponentFunction and that is the stationary structural component within rotating machinery, providing housing and positional stability for active elements such as windings, vanes, or seals.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma StationaryMachineComponentFunction e que é o componente estrutural estacionário dentro de máquinas rotativas, fornecendo alojamento e estabilidade posicional para elementos ativos como bobinas, palhetas ou vedações. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification based on structural positioning within rotating machinery. Under OWA, any artifact described as stationary within a rotating machine context could be classified as a stator, but this may include specialized hybrid components, mounting structures, or custom configurations that should not be automatically asserted into the standard stator maintenance category. The structural differentia (stationary positioning) is necessary but making it sufficient requires domain expert validation.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every Stator is a MaterialArtifact that bears a StationaryMachineComponentFunction and is part of some RotatingMachine

switch contact
type: Class
subclass of: electrical connection
label: contato de chave @pt-br
definition: A switch contact is an electrical contact that is one of the conductive parts forming a contact assembly.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A switch contact is an electrical contact that is one of the conductive parts forming a contact assembly.
natural language definition: Um contato de chave é um contato elétrico que é uma das partes condutoras que formam um conjunto de contato. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on structural role as a conductive part. Under OWA, asserting sufficient conditions could incorrectly classify any conductive part of an electrical contact as a switch contact, when there may be other specialized conductive components (bus bars, terminals, etc.) that serve different structural roles.

switchboard
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: control indicator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: electrical switch
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: panel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: electrical circuit control function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: control indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: electrical switch
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: panel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: electrical circuit control function
label: quadro de distribuição @pt-br
definition: A switchboard is electrical equipment that consists of panels accommodating switches, indicators, and control apparatus for connecting, disconnecting, and controlling various circuits of an electrical system.
natural language definition: A switchboard is electrical equipment that consists of panels accommodating switches, indicators, and control apparatus for connecting, disconnecting, and controlling various circuits of an electrical system.
natural language definition: Um quadro de distribuição é um equipamento elétrico que consiste em painéis que acomodam chaves, indicadores e aparatos de controle para conectar, desconectar e controlar vários circuitos de um sistema elétrico. @pt-br

temperature measuring element
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: temperature element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: temperature measurement function
subclass of: temperature element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: temperature measurement function
label: elemento de medição de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A temperature measuring element is a measuring element that has the function to measure temperature.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(TemperatureMeasuringElement(x) ↔ MeasuringElement(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
natural language definition: A temperature measuring element is a measuring element that has the function to measure temperature.
natural language definition: Um elemento de medição de temperatura é um elemento de medição que tem a função de medir temperatura. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every temperature measuring element is a measuring element that has a temperature measurement function.

thermowell stem
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: temperature sensor protection function
label: termowell stem @pt-br
definition: A thermowell stem is a fiat object part that is part of a thermowell and that has a hollow cylindrical shape positioned to protrude into the process medium, providing protective housing for temperature sensing elements while enabling thermal conduction.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(ThermowellStem(x) → FiatObjectPart(x) ∧ ∃y(Thermowell(y) ∧ partOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃q(HollowCylindricalShape(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃l(ProcessMediumIntrusionZone(l) ∧ hasLocation(x,l)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A thermowell stem is a fiat object part that is part of a thermowell and that has a hollow cylindrical shape positioned to protrude into the process medium, providing protective housing for temperature sensing elements while enabling thermal conduction.
natural language definition: Um termowell stem é uma parte de objeto fiducial que é parte de um termowell e que tem uma forma cilíndrica oca posicionada para se projetar no meio do processo, fornecendo habitação protetora para elementos de detecção de temperatura enquanto permite condução térmica. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive classification basis. The structural differentia (hollow cylindrical shape, positioning in process medium) is necessary but may not be sufficient under OWA - there could be other specialized parts of thermowells with similar geometry but different specific roles or configurations.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every thermowell stem is a fiat object part that is part of some thermowell and has hollow cylindrical shape and is located in process medium intrusion zone.

thin plate
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: structural support function
label: Placa que possui geometria de espessura fina e @pt-br
definition: A Plate that has thin thickness geometry and is manufactured through cold forming processes, typically used for structural support applications requiring reduced weight or specific geometric constraints.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(ThinPlate(x) → Plate(x) ∧ ∃q1(ThinThickness(q1) ∧ hasQuality(x,q1)) ∧ ∃q2(ColdFormedManufacturing(q2) ∧ hasQuality(x,q2)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A Plate that has thin thickness geometry and is manufactured through cold forming processes, typically used for structural support applications requiring reduced weight or specific geometric constraints.
natural language definition: Uma Placa que possui geometria de espessura fina e é fabricada através de processos de conformação a frio, tipicamente usada para aplicações de suporte estrutural que requerem peso reduzido ou restrições geométricas específicas. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by physical geometry (thinness) and manufacturing method (cold forming). Under OWA, sufficient conditions for thin plates are difficult to specify without risking false positives from specialized hybrid structures that contain thin cold-formed elements but should not be classified as standard thin plates.
semi-formal natural language axiom: ThinPlate ⊑ Plate ⊓ ∃hasQuality.ThinThickness ⊓ ∃hasQuality.ColdFormedManufacturing

three phase separator
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: separator
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: three phase separation function
subclass of: separator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: three phase separation function
label: separador trifásico @pt-br
definition: A three-phase separator is a separator that bears a three-phase separation function to separate well fluids into gas, oil, and water phases.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ThreePhaseSeparator(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (ThreePhaseSeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
natural language definition: A three-phase separator is a separator that bears a three-phase separation function to separate well fluids into gas, oil, and water phases.
natural language definition: Um separador trifásico é um separador que possui uma função de separação trifásica para separar fluidos de poço em fases gasosa, oleosa e aquosa. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every three-phase separator is a separator that has the function of separating fluid into gas, oil, and water phases, and has gas outlet, oil outlet, and water outlet as component parts.

transducer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: instrument
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: transduction function
subclass of: instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: transduction function
label: transdutor @pt-br
definition: A transducer is an instrument that bears a TransductionFunction to convert information from one form or magnitude of energy to another form or magnitude.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Transducer(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f (TransductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
natural language definition: A transducer is an instrument that bears a TransductionFunction to convert information from one form or magnitude of energy to another form or magnitude.
natural language definition: Um transdutor é um instrumento que possui uma FunçãoDeTransdução para converter informação de uma forma ou magnitude de energia para outra forma ou magnitude. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every transducer is an instrument that has the designed function to convert energy or signal forms while preserving information content.

transmitter housing
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: enclosure function
label: invólucro de transmissor @pt-br
definition: A transmitter housing is an Assembly that bears an EnclosureFunction and that has a transmitter electronic circuit as a component part at all times, designed to provide environmental protection and physical containment for transmitter components.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(TransmitterHousing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnclosureFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(TransmitterElectronicCircuit(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A transmitter housing is an Assembly that bears an EnclosureFunction and that has a transmitter electronic circuit as a component part at all times, designed to provide environmental protection and physical containment for transmitter components.
natural language definition: Um invólucro de transmissor é uma Assembly que possui uma EnclosureFunction e que tem um circuito eletrônico de transmissor como parte componente em todos os momentos, projetado para fornecer proteção ambiental e contenção física para componentes do transmissor. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on physical structure as housing. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for transmitter housing would require specifying exact structural features (materials, dimensions, sealing mechanisms) that distinguish it from other instrument housings. The necessary conditions establish the core identity without risking false positives from other housing types that might share some structural features.
semi-formal natural language axiom: TransmitterHousing ⊑ Assembly ⊓ ∃bearerOf.EnclosureFunction ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.TransmitterElectronicCircuit

tubing hanger
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: sealing system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: tubing support function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: sealing system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: tubing support function
label: suporte de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A tubing hanger is an assembly that supports tubing strings in wellheads with integrated sealing to isolate tubing conduit from annulus.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(TubingHanger(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(TubingSupportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(SealingSystem(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃m(SupportMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃c(TubingConnection(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))
natural language definition: A tubing hanger is an assembly that supports tubing strings in wellheads with integrated sealing to isolate tubing conduit from annulus.
natural language definition: Um suporte de coluna de produção é um conjunto que suporta colunas de produção em cabeças de poço com vedação integrada para isolar o conduto da coluna do anular. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every tubing hanger is an assembly that bears a tubing support function and has component parts including a sealing system, support mechanism, and tubing connection.

tubing head
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: tubing bowl
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: tubing support and connection function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: tubing bowl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: tubing support and connection function
label: cabeça de coluna @pt-br
definition: A tubing head is a wellhead component that supports the tubing hanger and provides a connection interface for attaching the Christmas tree to the wellhead assembly.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(TubingHead(x) ↔ WellheadComponent(x) ∧ ∃f(TubingSupportAndConnectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p1(TubingBowl(p1) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p1)) ∧ ∃p2(ChristmasTreeConnectionInterface(p2) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p2)))
natural language definition: A tubing head is a wellhead component that supports the tubing hanger and provides a connection interface for attaching the Christmas tree to the wellhead assembly.
natural language definition: Uma cabeça de coluna é um componente de cabeça de poço que suporta o suspensor de coluna e fornece uma interface de conexão para fixar a árvore de natal ao conjunto de cabeça de poço. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every tubing head is a wellhead component that bears a tubing support and connection function, has a tubing bowl as component part, and has a Christmas tree connection interface as component part.

turbine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: energy extraction function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: energy extraction function
label: turbina @pt-br
definition: A turbine is an assembly that bears an energy extraction function and has rotating shaft and fluid-interacting blades that extract energy from flowing fluids and convert it into useful mechanical work.
natural language definition: A turbine is an assembly that bears an energy extraction function and has rotating shaft and fluid-interacting blades that extract energy from flowing fluids and convert it into useful mechanical work.
natural language definition: Uma turbina é um conjunto que possui uma função de extração de energia e tem eixo rotativo e pás de interação com fluidos que extraem energia de fluidos em movimento e a convertem em trabalho mecânico útil. @pt-br

umbilical
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: cable bundle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: tubing bundle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: multi service transmission function
definition: An umbilical is an assembly that is a flexible and easily disconnectable bundle containing both cables and tubing for multi-service transmission including control, power, communication, and chemical injection.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (Umbilical(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃c,t,s,conn (CableBundle(c) ∧ TubingBundle(t) ∧ ProtectiveSheathing(s) ∧ ConnectorAssembly(conn) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,conn) ∧ hasQuality(x,Flexibility) ∧ hasQuality(x,EasyDisconnectability)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An umbilical is an assembly that is a flexible and easily disconnectable bundle containing both cables and tubing for multi-service transmission including control, power, communication, and chemical injection.
natural language definition: Um umbilical é uma montagem que é um feixe flexível e facilmente desconectável contendo cabos e tubulação para transmissão de múltiplos serviços incluindo controle, energia, comunicação e injeção química. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive basis requires necessary conditions only. Under OWA, any assembly with cables, tubing, flexibility, and disconnectability could be forcibly classified as umbilical, including specialized multi-service bundles, complex wiring harnesses, or custom transmission assemblies that contain these elements but serve different industrial contexts and maintenance categories.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every umbilical is an assembly that has component parts including cable bundles and tubing bundles, and has the qualities of flexibility and easy disconnectability.

ups unit
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: uninterrupted power supply function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: electrical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: uninterrupted power supply function
label: unidade UPS @pt-br
definition: A UPS unit is electrical equipment that bears the designed function of maintaining uninterrupted AC electric power supply to protected equipment during power disturbances.
natural language definition: A UPS unit is electrical equipment that bears the designed function of maintaining uninterrupted AC electric power supply to protected equipment during power disturbances.
natural language definition: Uma unidade UPS é um equipamento elétrico que possui a função projetada de manter o fornecimento ininterrupto de energia elétrica AC para equipamentos protegidos durante distúrbios de energia. @pt-br

vacuum column
type: Class
subclass of: distillation column
label: coluna de vácuo @pt-br
definition: A vacuum column is a distillation column that is designed to withstand outside pressure during vacuum operation.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(VacuumColumn(x) → DistillationColumn(x) ∧ ∃q(VacuumPressureResistanceQuality(q) ∧ bearerOf(x,q)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A vacuum column is a distillation column that is designed to withstand outside pressure during vacuum operation.
natural language definition: Uma coluna de vácuo é uma coluna de destilação projetada para resistir à pressão externa durante operação sob vácuo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on structural capability. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions for vacuum-capable design would be complex and could lead to false positives. The structural differentia (vacuum resistance) requires domain expert validation of what constitutes adequate vacuum design capability.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every vacuum column is a distillation column that bears a vacuum pressure resistance quality.

valve closure member
type: Class
subclass of: flow-control device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow control function
label: membro de fechamento de válvula @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a valve and that is positioned in the flow stream to permit, obstruct, divert or regulate flow through mechanical positioning.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x (ValveClosureMember(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃v (Valve(v) ∧ isComponentPartOf(x,v)) ∧ ∃p (FlowControlProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃q (PositionableInFlowStream(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a valve and that is positioned in the flow stream to permit, obstruct, divert or regulate flow through mechanical positioning.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que é uma parte componente de uma válvula e que é posicionado no fluxo para permitir, obstruir, desviar ou regular o fluxo através de posicionamento mecânico. @pt-br
primitive rationale: As a constructive type defined by physical configuration and mechanical role, the valve closure member should use necessary conditions. The structural differentia (being positioned in flow stream) is harder to make sufficient under OWA - other components or hybrid devices might satisfy the conditions but not be classified as standard valve closure members.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every valve closure member is a material artifact that is a component part of some valve and participates in flow control processes by being positioned within the flow stream.

valve seat
type: Class
subclass of: flow-control device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: flow control function
label: assento de válvula @pt-br
definition: A MaterialArtifact that is part of a valve and that provides the seating surface against which the closure member bears to achieve shut-off and control of process fluid flow.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A MaterialArtifact that is part of a valve and that provides the seating surface against which the closure member bears to achieve shut-off and control of process fluid flow.
natural language definition: Um MaterialArtifact que é parte de uma válvula e que fornece a superfície de assentamento contra a qual o membro de fechamento se apoia para alcançar o fechamento e controle do fluxo de fluido de processo. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Valve seat is a constructive type defined by its structural configuration and interface role. Under the Open World Assumption, making this an equivalence class could lead to false positives where any artifact that is part of a valve and adjacent to a closure member gets classified as a valve seat, even if it serves a different structural role (such as guides, stops, or supports).

valve stem
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical power
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: force transmission function
label: haste de válvula @pt-br
definition: An Assembly that bears a ForceTransmissionFunction and that has a valve stem seal as a component part, specifically designed to transmit motion from a valve operator to the valve closure member.
is primitive: true
natural language definition: An Assembly that bears a ForceTransmissionFunction and that has a valve stem seal as a component part, specifically designed to transmit motion from a valve operator to the valve closure member.
natural language definition: Um Assembly que porta uma ForceTransmissionFunction e que tem um selo de haste de válvula como parte componente, especificamente projetado para transmitir movimento de um operador de válvula para o membro de fechamento da válvula. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by physical structure (rod/shaft mechanism). Under Open World Assumption, sufficient conditions would force any assembly with a valve stem seal and force transmission function to be classified as a valve stem, which could include complex multi-component assemblies, manifolds, or specialized valve mechanisms that contain these elements but should not be asserted into the standard valve stem maintenance category.

vessel head
type: Class
subclass of: containment device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: containment function
label: tampo de vaso @pt-br
definition: A FiatObjectPart that is part of a vessel and that closes a vessel shell by providing an end boundary for containment.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(VesselHead(x) → FiatObjectPart(x) ∧ ∃y(Vessel(y) ∧ partOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃r(VesselClosureRole(r) ∧ realizes(x,r)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A FiatObjectPart that is part of a vessel and that closes a vessel shell by providing an end boundary for containment.
natural language definition: Uma FiatObjectPart que é parte de um vaso e que fecha o casco do vaso fornecendo uma fronteira terminal para contenção. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type based on structural configuration. Under OWA, asserting sufficient conditions for vessel head closure would inappropriately classify any part that closes a vessel (including specialized manifolds, complex multi-port heads, or custom closures) as standard vessel heads, potentially creating false positives in maintenance categorization.
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every vessel head is a fiat object part that is part of some vessel and realizes a vessel closure role.

vessel shell
type: Class
subclass of: containment device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: containment function
label: parte de objeto por fiat @pt-br
definition: A fiat object part that is the outer pressure-containing structural boundary of a vessel, designed to enclose and isolate internal contents while withstanding internal pressure loads.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(VesselShell(x) → FiatObjectPart(x) ∧ ∃y(Vessel(y) ∧ partOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃f(PressureContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A fiat object part that is the outer pressure-containing structural boundary of a vessel, designed to enclose and isolate internal contents while withstanding internal pressure loads.
natural language definition: Uma parte de objeto por fiat que é o limite estrutural externo de contenção de pressão de um vaso, projetada para encerrar e isolar o conteúdo interno enquanto suporta cargas de pressão interna. @pt-br
primitive rationale: Constructive type defined by structural configuration as outer pressure-containing part of vessel. Under Open World Assumption, sufficient conditions are difficult to establish - other structural components might also be pressure-containing parts of vessels in specialized designs.
semi-formal natural language axiom: VesselShell SubClassOf: FiatObjectPart and partOf some Vessel and bearerOf some PressureContainmentFunction

well
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: engineered system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: subsurface resource interaction function
subclass of: engineered system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: subsurface resource interaction function
label: poço @pt-br
definition: A well is an engineered system that interacts with subsurface resources through a drilled wellbore, designed to obtain, produce, store, or inject materials into or from the earth.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Well(x) ↔ EngineeredSystem(x) ∧ ∃f(SubsurfaceResourceInteractionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Wellbore(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtSomeTime(x,w)))
natural language definition: A well is an engineered system that interacts with subsurface resources through a drilled wellbore, designed to obtain, produce, store, or inject materials into or from the earth.
natural language definition: Um poço é um sistema projetado que interage com recursos do subsolo através de um furo perfurado, projetado para obter, produzir, armazenar ou injetar materiais na terra ou a partir dela. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every well is an engineered system that bears a subsurface resource interaction function and has a wellbore as component part.

wellbore
type: Class
subclass of: site
label: poço perfurado @pt-br
definition: A wellbore is a site that provides a drilled pathway for subsurface access and is spatially contained within a well system.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Wellbore(x) ↔ Site(x) ∧ ∃f(SubsurfaceAccessFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Well(w) ∧ spatiallyContainedIn(x,w)))
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A wellbore is a site that provides a drilled pathway for subsurface access and is spatially contained within a well system.
natural language definition: Um poço perfurado é um local que fornece um caminho perfurado para acesso subsuperficial e está espacialmente contido dentro de um sistema de poço. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every wellbore is a site that has the function of providing subsurface access and is spatially contained within a well.

wellhead
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: assembly
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: wellhead spool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: well surface control function
subclass of: assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: wellhead spool
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: well surface control function
label: cabeçal de poço @pt-br
definition: A wellhead is an assembly that bears a well surface control function and provides the structural and control interface between a wellbore and surface equipment.
first-order logic axiom: ∀x(Wellhead(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(WellSurfaceControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃h(CasingHanger(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h)) ∧ ∃w(Wellbore(w) ∧ hasConnectionTo(x,w)))
natural language definition: A wellhead is an assembly that bears a well surface control function and provides the structural and control interface between a wellbore and surface equipment.
natural language definition: Um cabeçal de poço é um conjunto que porta uma função de controle superficial do poço e fornece a interface estrutural e de controle entre um poço e os equipamentos de superfície. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: Every wellhead is an assembly that bears a well surface control function and has component parts including casing hangers and connection to wellbore

wireline
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has component part at all times
    some values from: braided conductor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: wireline logging function
subclass of: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: mechanical force
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component part at all times
  some values from: braided conductor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: wireline logging function
definition: A wireline is an electrical cable that bears a wireline logging function for lowering tools into wellbores and transmitting data about wellbore conditions.
natural language definition: A wireline is an electrical cable that bears a wireline logging function for lowering tools into wellbores and transmitting data about wellbore conditions.
natural language definition: Um wireline é um cabo elétrico que possui uma função de perfilagem wireline para descer ferramentas em poços e transmitir dados sobre as condições do poço. @pt-br

pressure containment function
type: Class
subclass of: containment function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pressure containment process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pressure containment process
label: função de contenção de pressão @pt-br
definition: A containment function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the retention of fluid within a defined pressure boundary to prevent uncontrolled release.

electrical current
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in an electrical conductor that represents the rate of flow of electric charge through it.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um condutor elétrico que representa a taxa de fluxo de carga elétrica através dele. @pt-br
label: corrente elétrica @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: ElectricalCurrent(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in an electrical conductor that represents the rate of flow of electric charge through it.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um condutor elétrico que representa a taxa de fluxo de carga elétrica através dele. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is an 'electrical current' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'corrente elétrica' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

mechanical force
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a material body that represents a mechanical action tending to change the body's state of motion or to deform it.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um corpo material que representa uma ação mecânica que tende a alterar o estado de movimento do corpo ou a deformá-lo. @pt-br
label: força mecânica @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: MechanicalForce(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a material body that represents a mechanical action tending to change the body's state of motion or to deform it.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um corpo material que representa uma ação mecânica que tende a alterar o estado de movimento do corpo ou a deformá-lo. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'mechanical force' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'força mecânica' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

mechanical load
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: A quality inhering in a mechanical component that represents the external force or torque it bears while in operation.
comment: Uma qualidade inerente a um componente mecânico que representa a força ou o torque externo que ele suporta durante a operação. @pt-br
label: carga mecânica @pt-br
first-order logic axiom: MechanicalLoad(q) → Quality(q)
is primitive: true
natural language definition: A quality inhering in a mechanical component that represents the external force or torque it bears while in operation.
natural language definition: Uma qualidade inerente a um componente mecânico que representa a força ou o torque externo que ele suporta durante a operação. @pt-br
semi-formal natural language axiom: if q is a 'mechanical load' then q is a 'quality'
semi-formal natural language axiom: se q é uma 'carga mecânica' então q é uma 'qualidade' @pt-br

cable bundle
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
label: feixe de cabo @pt-br
definition: An assembly of electrical cables routed together and secured as a group in a petroleum production installation.

cable support function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: cable support process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: cable support process
label: função de suporte de cabos @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical support and routing of cables to maintain their position and protect them from damage.

cable support process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: electrical cable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: supported electrical cable
label: processo de suporte de cabos @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which cables are mechanically supported and routed to maintain their position and protect them from damage in a petroleum production installation.

captured pig
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: pig de capturado @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a pipeline pig that has been retrieved and confined in a pig receiver following completion of its pipeline pass.

carrier fluid
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fluido de portador @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a fluid used to transport or suspend another substance through petroleum production equipment.

cathodic protection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: cathodic protection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: cathodic protection process
label: função de proteção catódica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the prevention of electrochemical corrosion of a metallic structure by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.

cathodic protection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: metallic structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: metallic structure
label: processo de proteção catódica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which electrochemical corrosion of a metallic structure is prevented by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell through the supply of electrical current or sacrificial anodes.

chamber
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: câmara @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes an enclosed space within petroleum production equipment in which a process such as separation, compression, or storage takes place.

chemical fuel portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção químico de combustível @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of chemical fuel consumed in a combustion process in petroleum production equipment.

christmas tree connection point
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: ponto de árvore de natal de árvore de conexão @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a mechanical connection point on a Christmas tree for attachment of flowlines, control lines, or other equipment.

chromatographic analysis function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: chromatographic analysis process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: chromatographic analysis process
label: função de análise cromatográfica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation and quantification of chemical components in a sample by differential migration through a stationary phase.

chromatographic analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: carrier fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: process fluid sample
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: chromatographic signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: composition analysis data
label: processo de análise cromatográfica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the chemical components of a sample are separated and quantified by their differential migration through a stationary phase in petroleum production instrumentation.

chromatographic signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de cromatográfico @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting a signal generated by a chromatographic detector representing the presence and concentration of chemical components in a process sample.

cleaned gas portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção limpo de gás @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas from which impurities have been removed by petroleum production equipment.

cleaned surface
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: superfície limpo @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a surface from which scale, deposits, or contaminants have been removed by a cleaning process in petroleum production equipment.

coalescence process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid mixture portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
label: processo de coalescência @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which dispersed droplets of one phase aggregate within another to form larger droplets that can be more readily separated from the continuous phase.

combustion function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: combustion process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: combustion process
label: função de combustão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the exothermic chemical reaction of a fuel with an oxidant to produce heat and combustion products.

combustion gas portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de combustão de gás @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas undergoing or having undergone a combustion reaction in petroleum production equipment.

combustion process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: air portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fuel portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: combustion products
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: thermal energy
label: processo de combustão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a fuel reacts exothermically with an oxidant to produce heat and combustion products in petroleum production equipment.

combustion product portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de combustão de produto @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of the chemical products resulting from a combustion reaction in petroleum production equipment.

combustion products
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: produtos de combustão @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the chemical products—primarily carbon dioxide and water vapour—resulting from the combustion of a fuel in petroleum production equipment.

composition analysis data
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: dados de composição de análise @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting data representing the chemical composition of a process fluid as determined by analytical instrumentation in petroleum production equipment.

compressed air portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção comprimido de ar @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air that has been compressed to a pressure above atmospheric for use in pneumatic systems of petroleum production equipment.

compressed gas portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção comprimido de gás @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas that has been compressed to a higher pressure for transport, storage, or processing in petroleum production equipment.

compression process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
label: processo de compressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the pressure of a gas is increased by reducing its volume through mechanical work applied by petroleum production equipment.

compressor internals
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: internos de compressor @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the internal components—such as impellers, valves, and seals—contained within the casing of a compressor in petroleum production equipment.

condensation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: condensation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: condensation process
label: função de condensação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of a vapour into liquid by removing thermal energy until the substance reaches its dew point.

condensation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: coolant portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: vapor portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: coolant portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
label: processo de condensação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a vapour is converted into liquid by removing thermal energy until the substance reaches its dew point in petroleum production equipment.

conductivity transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: signal transmission function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: conductivity transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: conductivity transmission process
label: função de transmissão de condutividade @pt-br
definition: A signal transmission function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of fluid electrical conductivity and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a remote monitoring system.

conductivity transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: signal transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de transmissão de condutividade @pt-br
definition: A signal transmission process in which the electrical conductivity of a fluid is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote monitoring system.

connection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: connection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: connection process
label: função de conexão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical or fluid joining of two or more components to allow the transfer of force, fluid, or signal between them.

connection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material artifact
label: processo de conexão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which two or more components or systems are mechanically or fluidly joined to allow the transfer of force, fluid, or signal between them.

containment process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de contenção @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a container artifact encloses and maintains internal components or fluids within its structural boundaries, providing physical separation from the external environment.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural boundary maintains separation between internal contents and external environment, preventing uncontrolled release while withstanding internal pressure loads.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which material is enclosed and retained within a defined spatial boundary by a containing artifact.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a container artifact encloses and maintains internal components or fluids within its structural boundaries, providing physical separation from the external environment.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural boundary maintains separation between internal contents and external environment, preventing uncontrolled release while withstanding internal pressure loads.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which material is enclosed and retained within a defined spatial boundary by a containing artifact.

contaminated surface
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: superfície contaminado @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a surface bearing scale, deposits, or contaminants that are to be removed by a cleaning process in petroleum production equipment.

continuous base
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: base contínuo @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the base structure that provides continuous support for equipment or pipework in a petroleum production installation.

control function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: control process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: control process
label: função de controle @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the regulation of a process variable by adjusting a manipulated variable in response to a measured deviation from a set point.

control indicator
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: indicador de controle @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a component that displays and enables adjustment of a set point or control parameter in petroleum production equipment.

control process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: process variable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: reference signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: control signal
label: processo de controle @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a process variable is regulated by adjusting a manipulated variable in response to a measured deviation from a set point.

coolant portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de refrigerante @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of cooling medium used to remove thermal energy from a process stream or equipment component.

cooled heating medium
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: meio de resfriado de aquecimento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a heating medium that has transferred thermal energy to a process stream and returned to a lower temperature.

cooling function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: cooling process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: cooling process
label: função de resfriamento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of thermal energy from a process stream or equipment component to reduce its temperature.

cooling process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
label: processo de resfriamento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which thermal energy is removed from a process stream or equipment component to reduce its temperature in petroleum production equipment.

corrosion products
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: produtos de corrosão @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the solid products—oxides, hydroxides, or sulfides—formed on a metallic surface as a result of corrosion in petroleum production equipment.

current interruption by fusing
type: Class
subclass of: planned process

cuttings and fluid
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fluido de cascalhos de e @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a mixture of rock cuttings and drilling fluid circulated from the wellbore bottom to the surface during drilling operations.

damping function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: damping process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: damping process
label: função de amortecimento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the absorption and dissipation of mechanical energy to reduce the amplitude of oscillations or vibrations.

damping process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de amortecimento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which mechanical energy is absorbed and dissipated to reduce the amplitude of oscillations or vibrations in petroleum production equipment.

deaeration function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: deaeration process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: deaeration process
label: função de desaeração @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of dissolved oxygen and other non-condensable gases from a liquid stream.

deaeration process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
label: processo de desaeração @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which dissolved oxygen and other non-condensable gases are removed from a liquid stream in petroleum production equipment.

degassing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: degassing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: degassing process
label: função de degaseificação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of dissolved or entrained gases from a liquid to reduce their concentration.

degassing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: drilling fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: drilling fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
label: processo de degaseificação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which dissolved or entrained gases are removed from a liquid to reduce their concentration below a specified level.

dehumidification function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: dehumidification process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: dehumidification process
label: função de desumidificação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of water vapour from a gas stream to reduce its relative humidity or dew point.

dehumidification process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: humid air portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: dry air portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: water portion
label: processo de desumidificação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which water vapour is removed from a gas stream to reduce its relative humidity or dew point to a specified level.

dehydration function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: dehydration process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: dehydration process
label: função de desidratação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of water from a fluid stream by adsorption, absorption, or distillation to meet specification limits.

dehydration process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de desidratação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which water is removed from a fluid stream by adsorption, absorption, or distillation to meet product specification limits.

demisting function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: demisting process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: demisting process
label: função de separação de névoa @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the coalescence and removal of entrained liquid droplets from a gas stream.

demisting process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
label: processo de separação de névoa @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which entrained liquid droplets are coalesced and removed from a gas stream by petroleum production equipment.

dense phase
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fase denso @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the denser of two or more phases present in a separation process within petroleum production equipment.

density measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: density measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: density measurement process
label: função de medição de densidade @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the mass per unit volume of a fluid stream or substance.

density measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: information content entity
label: processo de medição de densidade @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the mass per unit volume of a fluid stream or substance is measured by petroleum production instrumentation.

detection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: detection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: detection process
label: função de detecção @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the sensing and identification of the presence, concentration, or state of a physical or chemical entity.

detection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de detecção @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the presence, concentration, or state of a physical or chemical entity is sensed and identified by petroleum production equipment.

detection signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal de detecção @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a signal generated by a detection element indicating the presence or concentration of a detected entity in petroleum production instrumentation.

dew point measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: dew point measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: dew point measurement process
label: função de medição de ponto de orvalho @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the temperature at which a gas mixture begins to condense.

dew point measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: measurement signal
label: processo de medição de ponto de orvalho @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the temperature at which a gas mixture begins to condense is measured by petroleum production instrumentation.

diesel fuel
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: combustível diesel @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes diesel fuel used as energy source for engines or combustion equipment in petroleum production installations.

differential pressure indication
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: indicação de diferencial de pressão @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting a displayed or transmitted value representing the differential pressure between two process points in petroleum production equipment.

differential pressure measurement and transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: pressure measurement and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: high pressure signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: low pressure signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: standardized electrical signal
label: processo de medição e transmissão de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A pressure measurement and transmission process in which the differential pressure between two process points is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

differential pressure measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: pressure signal pair
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: differential pressure indication
label: processo de medição de pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a differential pressure measuring element senses the pressure difference between two fluid inputs, producing a mechanical deflection or signal proportional to the differential pressure for measurement purposes.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a differential pressure measuring element senses the pressure difference between two fluid inputs, producing a mechanical deflection or signal proportional to the differential pressure for measurement purposes.

differential pressure switching function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: differential pressure switching process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: differential pressure switching process
label: função de chaveamento por pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation of a discrete switching signal when the differential pressure between two process points crosses a defined threshold.

differential pressure switching process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de chaveamento por pressão diferencial @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a discrete switching signal is generated when the differential pressure between two process points crosses a defined threshold.

discrete electrical signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal discreto elétrico @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting an electrical signal that can assume only two defined states—on or off—used in control and safety systems of petroleum production equipment.

distillation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: distillation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: distillation process
label: função de destilação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a liquid mixture into fractions of differing volatilities by successive vaporisation and condensation.

distillation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid mixture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid mixture portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
label: processo de destilação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a liquid mixture is separated into fractions of differing volatilities by successive vaporisation and condensation in petroleum production equipment.

diverging channel
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: canal divergente @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a flow passage that expands in cross-sectional area in the direction of flow to reduce fluid velocity in petroleum production equipment.

diverting function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: diverting process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: diverting process
label: função de desvio de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the redirection of fluid flow from one path to one or more alternative downstream paths.

diverting process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de desvio de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which fluid flow is redirected from one path to one or more alternative downstream paths by petroleum production equipment.

downhole tool assembly
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: conjunto de fundo de poço de ferramenta @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes an assembly of tools deployed in a wellbore on a wireline or tubing string to perform measurement, completion, or intervention operations.

dried material
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: material seco @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a material from which moisture or solvent has been removed by a drying process in petroleum production equipment.

drill bit
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: broca de perfuração @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the rotating cutting tool at the bottom of a drill string that fragments rock to advance the wellbore.

drill string
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: coluna de perfuração @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the assembly of drill pipe, drill collars, and bottom-hole assembly that transmits rotation and drilling fluid from surface to the drill bit.

drilling fluid
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fluido de perfuração @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the fluid—water-based, oil-based, or synthetic—circulated during drilling to cool the bit, carry cuttings to surface, and stabilise the wellbore.

drilling fluid conduction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: drilling fluid conduction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: drilling fluid conduction process
label: função de condução de fluido de perfuração @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the circulation of drilling fluid from surface to the drill bit and back through the wellbore annulus.

drilling fluid conduction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: drilling fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: drilling tool
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: drilling fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: drilling tool
label: processo de condução de fluido de perfuração @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which drilling fluid is circulated from the surface to the drill bit and returned through the wellbore annulus to remove cuttings and cool the bit.

drilling fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de perfuração de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of drilling fluid at a defined point in the drilling circulation system.

drilling tool
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: ferramenta de perfuração @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a tool used in the bottom-hole assembly or drill string to perform a specific function during the drilling of a petroleum well.

dry air portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção seco de ar @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air from which water vapour has been removed to a specified dew point.

drying function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: drying process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: drying process
label: função de secagem @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of moisture or solvent from a solid, liquid, or gas stream by thermal, adsorptive, or other means.

drying process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: wet material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: dried material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: water vapor
label: processo de secagem @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which moisture or solvent is removed from a solid, liquid, or gas stream by thermal, adsorptive, or other means.

electric energy generation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electric energy generation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electric energy generation process
label: função de geração de energia elétrica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of mechanical, thermal, or chemical energy into electrical energy.

electric energy generation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: mechanical energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical energy portion
label: processo de geração de energia elétrica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which mechanical, thermal, or chemical energy is converted into electrical energy by petroleum production equipment.

electric to mechanical conversion process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: electrical energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: mechanical energy portion
label: processo de conversão elétrico-mecânica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which electrical energy is converted into rotational or linear mechanical motion by petroleum production equipment.

electrical cable
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: cabo elétrico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes an insulated conductor or assembly of conductors used to transmit electrical power or signals in a petroleum production installation.

electrical circuit control function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electrical circuit control process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electrical circuit control process
label: função de controle de circuito elétrico @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the switching, routing, or regulation of current in an electrical circuit to control connected loads.

electrical circuit control process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de controle de circuito elétrico @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which current in an electrical circuit is switched, routed, or regulated to control connected loads.

electrical conduction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electrical conduction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electrical conduction process
label: função de condução elétrica @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConductionProcess and that consists in providing a conductive pathway for electrical current within an electrical contact assembly.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConductionProcess and that consists in providing a pathway for electrical current to pass from one electrical apparatus to another, enabling electrical connectivity and power or signal transmission.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConductionProcess and that consists in providing a conductive pathway for electrical current within an electrical contact assembly.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConductionProcess and that consists in providing a pathway for electrical current to pass from one electrical apparatus to another, enabling electrical connectivity and power or signal transmission.

electrical conduction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de condução elétrica @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical current is conducted through a conductive material part within an electrical switching or contact system.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical current is conducted through an electrical connection from one electrical apparatus to another, resulting in the transmission of electrical power or signals between the connected devices.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical current is conducted through a conductive material part within an electrical switching or contact system.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical current is conducted through an electrical connection from one electrical apparatus to another, resulting in the transmission of electrical power or signals between the connected devices.

electrical connection function
type: Class
subclass of: connection function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: electrical connection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: electrical connection process
label: função de conexão elétrica @pt-br
definition: A ConnectionFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConnectionProcess and that consists in maintaining intimate electrical contact between two or more electrical conductor parts to enable continuous current flow through the joint.
natural language definition: A ConnectionFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConnectionProcess and that consists in maintaining intimate electrical contact between two or more electrical conductor parts to enable continuous current flow through the joint.

electrical connection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de conexão elétrica @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which two or more electrical conductor parts are held in intimate contact by an electrical connector, resulting in a conductive path that enables electrical current flow through the connection.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which two or more electrical conductor parts are held in intimate contact by an electrical connector, resulting in a conductive path that enables electrical current flow through the connection.

electrical current interruption process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de interrupção de corrente elétrica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which an electrical circuit is opened to stop the flow of current, either under normal operating conditions or in response to a fault.

electrical energy portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção elétrico de energia @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of electrical energy supplied to or consumed by petroleum production equipment.

electrical power transformation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de transformação de energia elétrica @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical energy is converted from one voltage level to another by a transformer through electromagnetic induction between primary and secondary windings, resulting in power transfer at the desired voltage level.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical power at one voltage and current level is converted to electrical power at a different voltage and current level through electromagnetic induction in a transformer winding system.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical energy is converted from one voltage level to another by a transformer through electromagnetic induction between primary and secondary windings, resulting in power transfer at the desired voltage level.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which electrical power at one voltage and current level is converted to electrical power at a different voltage and current level through electromagnetic induction in a transformer winding system.

electrical signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal elétrico @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting an electrical signal carrying a measurement, control, or status value within petroleum production instrumentation and control systems.

electrical switch
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: interruptor elétrico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a device that opens or closes an electrical circuit in response to a manual or automatic input in petroleum production equipment.

electrochemical oxidation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: corrosion products
label: processo de oxidação eletroquímica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a material is oxidised at an electrode surface through an electrochemical reaction, such as in cathodic protection or electrochemical sensing.

emergency shut down process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de parada de emergência @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which process flows or equipment are rapidly and automatically isolated in response to a detected hazardous condition.

enclosure function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: enclosure process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: enclosure process
label: função de proteção e invólucro @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary around internal components while maintaining structural integrity and enabling controlled fluid flow through integral connection points.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary that contains, supports, and isolates internal components from external environment while maintaining structural integrity.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary that separates an internal space from the external environment while providing structural support for contained components.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective housing or containment boundary for internal components or mechanisms.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a structural boundary that contains and directs fluid flow while accommodating internal flow control components.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a structural boundary that houses and protects internal mechanical components from the environment while maintaining structural integrity.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing physical containment and environmental protection for internal components or systems.
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing protective containment and structural support for internal mechanical components, maintaining their spatial arrangement and protecting them from external environmental conditions.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary around internal components while maintaining structural integrity and enabling controlled fluid flow through integral connection points.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary that contains, supports, and isolates internal components from external environment while maintaining structural integrity.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary that separates an internal space from the external environment while providing structural support for contained components.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective housing or containment boundary for internal components or mechanisms.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a structural boundary that contains and directs fluid flow while accommodating internal flow control components.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a structural boundary that houses and protects internal mechanical components from the environment while maintaining structural integrity.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing physical containment and environmental protection for internal components or systems.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing protective containment and structural support for internal mechanical components, maintaining their spatial arrangement and protecting them from external environmental conditions.

enclosure process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: centrifugal compressor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: compressor internals
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: centrifugal compressor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: compressor internals
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material component
label: processo de proteção e invólucro @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a body or housing artifact provides structural containment and protection for internal mechanical components or assemblies.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a casing provides protective containment around internal components, maintaining their operational environment and structural integrity while allowing controlled access for maintenance.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a casing provides protective containment around mechanical components while enabling controlled fluid passage through designed openings and maintaining pressure boundaries.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a housing artifact creates and maintains a protective boundary around internal components, simultaneously providing structural support and environmental separation.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a housing or casing provides containment and protection for internal components, maintaining separation between the internal mechanism and external environment.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a housing structure provides physical containment and environmental protection for internal components, shielding them from external conditions such as moisture, dust, mechanical impact, and temperature variations.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural body provides containment and directional guidance for fluid flow while housing internal valve components that control the flow.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural housing provides containment and protection for mechanical components, creating a defined boundary between internal mechanisms and the external environment.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a body or housing artifact provides structural containment and protection for internal mechanical components or assemblies.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a casing provides protective containment around internal components, maintaining their operational environment and structural integrity while allowing controlled access for maintenance.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a casing provides protective containment around mechanical components while enabling controlled fluid passage through designed openings and maintaining pressure boundaries.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a housing artifact creates and maintains a protective boundary around internal components, simultaneously providing structural support and environmental separation.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a housing or casing provides containment and protection for internal components, maintaining separation between the internal mechanism and external environment.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a housing structure provides physical containment and environmental protection for internal components, shielding them from external conditions such as moisture, dust, mechanical impact, and temperature variations.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural body provides containment and directional guidance for fluid flow while housing internal valve components that control the flow.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural housing provides containment and protection for mechanical components, creating a defined boundary between internal mechanisms and the external environment.

energy diffusion function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: energy diffusion process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: energy diffusion process
label: função de difusão de energia @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the dispersion of thermal, acoustic, or kinetic energy over a larger volume or surface to reduce its local intensity.

energy diffusion process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de difusão de energia @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which thermal, acoustic, or kinetic energy is dispersed over a larger volume or surface to reduce its local intensity.

energy extraction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: energy extraction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: energy extraction process
label: função de extração de energia @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the recovery of useful work or heat from a process stream, pressure differential, or thermal source.

energy extraction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de extração de energia @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which useful work or heat is recovered from a process stream, pressure differential, or thermal source in petroleum production equipment.

energy portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de energia @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of energy in a defined form that participates in a process within petroleum production equipment.

energy transfer function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: energy transfer process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: energy transfer process
label: função de transferência de energia @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the movement of energy in the form of heat, work, or electromagnetic radiation from one medium or system to another.

energy transfer process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de transferência de energia @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which energy in the form of heat, work, or electromagnetic radiation is transferred from one medium or system to another.

equipment item
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: item de equipamento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a discrete item of petroleum production equipment assembled or installed as a unit within a production system.

equipment support function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: equipment support process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: equipment support process
label: função de suporte de equipamento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical support of process equipment to maintain its position and transmit loads to a structural foundation.

equipment support process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: equipment item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: equipment item
label: processo de suporte de equipamento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which process equipment is mechanically supported to maintain its position and transmit structural loads to a foundation.

exhaust gas
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: gás de escapamento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the combustion exhaust gas discharged from an engine, turbine, or fired heater in a petroleum production installation.

exhaust gas portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de escapamento de gás @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of exhaust gas at a defined point in the exhaust system of petroleum production equipment.

expanded gas portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção expandido de gás @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas that has undergone expansion and pressure reduction in petroleum production equipment.

filter medium
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: meio de filtro @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the porous material through which a fluid stream passes to remove suspended particulates or liquid droplets in petroleum production equipment.

filtered constituents
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: constituintes filtrado @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the fluid constituents that pass through a filter medium during a filtration process in petroleum production equipment.

filtered contaminants
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: contaminantes filtrado @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the solid or liquid contaminants captured and retained by a filter medium during a filtration process.

filtered fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção filtrado de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid from which particulate or liquid contaminants have been removed by filtration.

filtration process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: filtered constituents
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: filtered contaminants
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: filtered fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: solid portion
label: processo de filtração @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which particles, contaminants, or unwanted substances are selectively retained from a fluid stream by a filter element through mechanical screening or other separation mechanisms while clean fluid passes through.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which particles, contaminants, or unwanted substances are selectively retained from a fluid stream by a filter element through mechanical screening or other separation mechanisms while clean fluid passes through.

finned tube
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: tubo de aletado @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a heat transfer tube with extended surfaces—fins—that increase the external surface area to enhance heat exchange with a gas stream.

fired heating function
type: Class
subclass of: heating function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: fired heating process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: fired heating process
label: função de aquecimento a combustão @pt-br
definition: A heating function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of thermal energy generated by combustion to a process stream or vessel.

fired heating process
type: Class
subclass of: heating process
label: processo de aquecimento a combustão @pt-br
definition: A heating process in which thermal energy is generated by the combustion of fuel and transferred to a process stream or vessel through a fired heater.

flame arrest function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flame arrest process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flame arrest process
label: função de contenção de chama @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the prevention of flame propagation through a flammable gas mixture by quenching the flame front in narrow passages.

flame arrest process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gaseous portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gaseous portion
label: processo de contenção de chama @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which flame propagation through a flammable gas mixture is prevented by quenching the flame front in narrow passages of a flame arrester.

flame detection function
type: Class
subclass of: detection function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flame detection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flame detection process
label: função de detecção de chama @pt-br
definition: A detection function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the sensing of the presence of a flame or combustion event by detecting radiant energy or other combustion signatures.

flame detection process
type: Class
subclass of: detection process
label: processo de detecção de chama @pt-br
definition: A detection process in which the presence of a flame or combustion event is sensed by detecting radiant energy or other combustion signatures.

flash vaporization function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flash vaporization process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flash vaporization process
label: função de vaporização flash @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the partial vaporisation of a pressurised liquid stream caused by a rapid reduction in pressure.

flash vaporization process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: multiphase fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: vapor portion
label: processo de vaporização flash @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a pressurised liquid stream is partially vaporised as a result of a rapid reduction in pressure.

flexible diaphragm
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: diafragma flexível @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a flexible membrane that separates two chambers and transmits pressure between them in petroleum production measurement or control equipment.

flow control process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de controle de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is permitted, obstructed, diverted or regulated through the mechanical positioning of a closure member within the flow stream, resulting in the desired flow characteristics.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is regulated, directed, or restricted through a valve body by positioning internal closure elements to achieve desired flow characteristics.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which the flow of fluid through a conduit is regulated, directed, or interrupted by mechanical means, typically involving the movement of closure elements against seating surfaces to modify flow passages.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is permitted, obstructed, diverted or regulated through the mechanical positioning of a closure member within the flow stream, resulting in the desired flow characteristics.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is regulated, directed, or restricted through a valve body by positioning internal closure elements to achieve desired flow characteristics.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which the flow of fluid through a conduit is regulated, directed, or interrupted by mechanical means, typically involving the movement of closure elements against seating surfaces to modify flow passages.

flow indication process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: visual information
label: processo de indicação de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the instantaneous flow rate of a process stream is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to a remote monitoring system.

flow measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: medição de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting a quantitative value representing the flow rate of a process stream as measured by petroleum production instrumentation.

flow measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: mass flow rate signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: measurement signal
label: processo de medição de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a measuring element determines the flow rate of a fluid by sensing flow-related physical phenomena and converting them into measurable signals or indications.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a measuring element determines the flow rate of a fluid by sensing flow-related physical phenomena and converting them into measurable signals or indications.

flow modification function
type: Class
subclass of: flow control function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow modification process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flow modification process
label: função de modificação de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A FlowControlFunction that is realized in a FlowModificationProcess and that consists in altering the characteristics of fluid flow (such as velocity profile, turbulence, pressure drop pattern, or flow distribution) without primarily controlling the flow rate or direction.
natural language definition: A FlowControlFunction that is realized in a FlowModificationProcess and that consists in altering the characteristics of fluid flow (such as velocity profile, turbulence, pressure drop pattern, or flow distribution) without primarily controlling the flow rate or direction.

flow modification process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de modificação de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which the characteristics of fluid flow are altered by a flow modification accessory, resulting in changes to flow patterns, velocity profiles, turbulence levels, or pressure drop characteristics while the fluid passes through or around the device.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which the characteristics of fluid flow are altered by a flow modification accessory, resulting in changes to flow patterns, velocity profiles, turbulence levels, or pressure drop characteristics while the fluid passes through or around the device.

flow restriction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de restrição de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the flow rate or pressure of a fluid stream is reduced in a controlled manner by introducing a fixed or variable resistance.

flow signal transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: signal transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: flow measurement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: standardized signal
label: processo de transmissão de sinal de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A signal transmission process in which a standardised signal representing a measured flow rate is transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

flow switching function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow switching process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: flow switching process
label: função de chaveamento de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation of a discrete switching signal when the flow rate of a process stream crosses a defined threshold.

flow switching process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de chaveamento de fluxo @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a discrete switching signal is generated when the flow rate of a process stream crosses a defined threshold.

fluid conduction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: fluid conduction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: fluid conduction process
label: função de condução de fluido @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conveyance of a fluid from one location to another while maintaining containment and flow direction.

fluid conduction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de condução de fluido @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a fluid is conveyed from one location to another through containment structures while maintaining flow direction and preventing leakage.

fluid direction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: fluid direction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: fluid direction process
label: função de direcionamento de fluido @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the guidance or steering of fluid flow in a defined direction within a process system.

fluid direction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de direcionamento de fluido @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which fluid flow is guided or steered in a defined direction within a process system.

fluid distribution function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: fluid distribution process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: fluid distribution process
label: função de distribuição de fluido @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the splitting and delivery of a fluid stream to multiple downstream points in defined proportions.

fluid distribution process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de distribuição de fluido @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a fluid stream is split and delivered to multiple downstream points in defined proportions.

fluid mixture portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de fluido de mistura @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of a mixture of two or more fluids at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

fluid opening
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: abertura de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes an opening in the body of petroleum production equipment through which fluid enters or exits.

fluid port
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: bocal de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a port or connection point through which fluid enters or exits a component of petroleum production equipment.

fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a defined portion of fluid at a specified point within a petroleum production process stream.

fluid transport function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: fluid transport process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: fluid transport process
label: função de transporte de fluido @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conveyance of a fluid over distance by exploiting pressure differentials, gravity, or imparted energy.

fluid transport process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: hydrocarbon fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: hydrocarbon fluid
label: processo de transporte de fluido @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a fluid is conveyed over distance by exploiting pressure differentials, gravity, or energy imparted by petroleum production equipment.

force to electrical transduction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: force to electrical transduction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: force to electrical transduction process
label: função de transdução força-elétrica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of a mechanical force or pressure into a proportional electrical signal.

force to electrical transduction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de transdução força-elétrica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a mechanical force or pressure is converted into a proportional electrical signal by petroleum production instrumentation.

force transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: force transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: force transmission process
label: função de transmissão de força @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a ForceTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical force or motion from one component to another through direct physical coupling.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a ForceTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical force or motion from one component to another through direct physical coupling.

force transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de transmissão de força @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical force or motion is transferred from an input component to an output component through direct physical coupling and mechanical linkage.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical force or motion is transferred from an input component to an output component through direct physical coupling and mechanical linkage.

formation fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de formação de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid originating from a subsurface geological formation and produced through a petroleum production well.

fuel portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de combustível @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fuel supplied to a combustion device in petroleum production equipment.

gas detecting measuring element
type: Class
subclass of: measuring element
label: elemento de gás de detecção de medição @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a sensing element within petroleum production gas detection equipment that responds to the presence and concentration of a target gas.

gas detection function
type: Class
subclass of: detection function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: gas detection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: gas detection process
label: função de detecção de gás @pt-br
definition: A detection function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the sensing and identification of the presence or concentration of a specific gas or vapour in the surrounding atmosphere.

gas detection process
type: Class
subclass of: detection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: detection signal
label: processo de detecção de gás @pt-br
definition: A detection process in which the presence or concentration of a specific gas or vapour in the surrounding atmosphere is sensed and identified.

gas mixture portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de gás de mistura @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of a mixture of two or more gases at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

gas movement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
label: processo de movimentação de gás @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which gas is transported from one location to another by imparting kinetic or pressure energy to the gas stream.

gas portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de gás @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

gaseous fuel portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção gasoso de combustível @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gaseous fuel—such as natural gas—supplied to combustion equipment in a petroleum production installation.

gaseous portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção gasoso @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas phase material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

gravity separation function
type: Class
subclass of: separation function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: gravity separation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: gravity separation process
label: função de separação gravitacional @pt-br
definition: A separation function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of phases of differing densities by the action of gravity in a settling vessel.

gravity separation process
type: Class
subclass of: separation process
label: processo de separação gravitacional @pt-br
definition: A separation process in which phases of differing densities are separated by the action of gravity in a vessel or settler.

heating medium
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: meio de aquecimento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the fluid—steam, hot oil, or heated water—used to supply thermal energy to a process stream in petroleum production equipment.

heating process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de aquecimento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which thermal energy is transferred to a process stream or vessel to raise its temperature.

high pressure fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção alto de pressão de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid maintained at a pressure significantly above the system reference pressure in petroleum production equipment.

high pressure signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal alto de pressão @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing a high-pressure condition in a petroleum production process.

humid air portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção úmido de ar @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air carrying a significant concentration of water vapour in a petroleum production process.

humidity measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: visual indication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: measurement signal
label: processo de medição de umidade @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the moisture content or relative humidity of a gas stream is measured by petroleum production instrumentation.

hydraulic fluid
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fluido hidráulico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the incompressible fluid used to transmit pressure and power in hydraulic systems of petroleum production equipment.

hydraulic fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção hidráulico de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of hydraulic fluid at a defined point in the hydraulic circuit of petroleum production equipment.

hydraulic pump inlet
type: Class
subclass of: fluid port
label: entrada hidráulico de bomba @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the suction inlet port through which fluid is drawn into a hydraulic pump in petroleum production hydraulic systems.

hydraulic pump outlet
type: Class
subclass of: fluid port
label: saída hidráulico de bomba @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the discharge outlet port through which pressurised fluid leaves a hydraulic pump in petroleum production hydraulic systems.

hydraulic pumping function
type: Class
subclass of: pumping function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: hydraulic pumping process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: hydraulic pumping process
label: função de bombeamento hidráulico @pt-br
definition: A pumping function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of mechanical energy to a hydraulic fluid to transmit power or actuate hydraulic equipment.

hydraulic pumping process
type: Class
subclass of: pumping process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: hydraulic fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: hydraulic fluid
label: processo de bombeamento hidráulico @pt-br
definition: A pumping process in which mechanical energy is imparted to a hydraulic fluid to transmit power or actuate hydraulic equipment.

hydrocarbon fluid
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fluido de hidrocarboneto @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a fluid consisting primarily of hydrocarbon compounds produced from or processed in a petroleum production system.

indication process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: information bearing entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: visual information
label: processo de indicação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the value of a process variable is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to enable monitoring.

information bearing artifact
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: artefato de informação de mancal @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that bears information—in the form of a signal, display, or record—representing a process variable or equipment state in petroleum production systems.

information bearing entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: entidade de informação de mancal @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting that carries or encodes information representing a process variable, equipment state, or analytical result in petroleum production systems.

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: entidade de informação de conteúdo @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting the informational content—a measurement value, alarm state, or analysis result—encoded in a signal or record within petroleum production systems.

information display function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: information display process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: information display process
label: função de exibição de informação @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an InformationDisplayProcess and that consists in presenting or exhibiting information visually to operators or other users for the purpose of communication, monitoring, or decision-making.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an InformationDisplayProcess and that consists in presenting or exhibiting information visually to operators or other users for the purpose of communication, monitoring, or decision-making.

information display process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de exibição de informação @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which information is visually presented or exhibited by a display device to operators or users, enabling communication, monitoring, or decision-making activities.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which information is visually presented or exhibited by a display device to operators or users, enabling communication, monitoring, or decision-making activities.

information signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal de informação @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a signal carrying informational content such as a measurement value or status indication within petroleum production instrumentation.

injection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: injection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: injection process
label: função de injeção @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the introduction of a fluid, chemical, or material into a process stream, vessel, or wellbore under controlled conditions.

injection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
label: processo de injeção @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a fluid, chemical, or material is introduced into a process stream, vessel, or wellbore under controlled conditions.

instrumentation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: process variable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: information signal
label: processo de instrumentação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which physical process variables are measured, transmitted, or controlled by instrumentation to enable monitoring and regulation of petroleum production operations.

interfacing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: interfacing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: interfacing process
label: função de interfaceamento @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an InterfacingProcess and that consists in providing a standardized point of interface for communication, connection, or interaction with another object or system.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in an InterfacingProcess and that consists in providing a standardized point of interface for communication, connection, or interaction with another object or system.

interfacing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de interfaceamento @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a port establishes and maintains a point of interface that enables communication, connection, or interaction between distinct objects or systems.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a port establishes and maintains a point of interface that enables communication, connection, or interaction between distinct objects or systems.

knock out separation function
type: Class
subclass of: separation function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: knock out separation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: knock out separation process
label: função de separação knock-out @pt-br
definition: A separation function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of entrained liquid droplets from a gas stream by gravity or inertial impingement.

knock out separation process
type: Class
subclass of: separation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: vapor portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: vapor portion
label: processo de separação knock-out @pt-br
definition: A separation process in which entrained liquid droplets are removed from a gas stream by gravity or inertial impingement in a knockout vessel.

level detection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: level signal
label: processo de detecção de nível @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the fluid level within a vessel is detected as reaching a defined high or low threshold.

level indication process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: solid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: visual signal
label: processo de indicação de nível @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the fluid level within a vessel or container is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to a remote monitoring system.

level information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: informação de nível @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a measurement or display value representing the fluid level in a vessel of petroleum production equipment.

level measurement and transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: level information
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: standardized electrical signal
label: processo de medição e transmissão de nível @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the fluid level within a vessel is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

level signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de nível @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing the fluid level in a vessel of petroleum production equipment.

level switching function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: level switching process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: level switching process
label: função de chaveamento de nível @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation of a discrete switching signal when the fluid level in a vessel crosses a defined high or low threshold.

level switching process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: discrete electrical signal
label: processo de chaveamento de nível @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a discrete switching signal is generated when the fluid level in a vessel crosses a defined high or low threshold.

light phase
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fase leve @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the less dense of two or more phases present in a separation process within petroleum production equipment.

liquid mixture portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção líquido de mistura @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of a mixture of two or more liquid phases at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

liquid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção líquido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of liquid phase material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

local pressure display
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: display local de pressão @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an instrument mounted locally to a pressure measurement point that visually displays the process pressure.

local temperature display
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: display local de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an instrument mounted locally to a temperature measurement point that visually displays the process temperature.

logging data
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: dados de perfilagem @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting data acquired by measurement tools deployed in a wellbore to characterise subsurface formation properties.

low pressure signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal baixo de pressão @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing a low-pressure condition in a petroleum production process.

manual control signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal manual de controle @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a control signal generated by an operator to adjust the set point or state of petroleum production equipment.

mass flow rate signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de massa de fluxo de taxa @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical signal representing the mass flow rate of a process stream as measured by petroleum production instrumentation.

master valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula de principal @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the main isolation valve at the base of a Christmas tree that controls fluid flow from the tubing head.

material artifact
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: artefato de material @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a physical object that is part of a petroleum production system and bears functions whose realizations are planned processes in petroleum production operations.

material component
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: componente de material @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a discrete material component of petroleum production equipment that contributes to its overall function.

material portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de material @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a defined quantity of a material substance at a specified point in a petroleum production process.

material processing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: material processing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: material processing process
label: função de processamento de material @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the physical or chemical transformation of a material to alter its composition, form, or physical state.

material processing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: solid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: solid portion
label: processo de processamento de material @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a material is physically or chemically transformed to alter its composition, form, or physical state in petroleum production equipment.

mating surface
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: superfície de encaixe @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a machined surface that mates with a corresponding surface of another component to form a seal or mechanical joint in petroleum production equipment.

measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de medição @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the value of a physical or chemical quantity is determined and expressed as a numerical value with an associated unit.

measurement signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de medição @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing a measured process variable value in petroleum production instrumentation.

measuring element
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: elemento de medição @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a primary measurement element within petroleum production instrumentation that directly responds to the measured variable.

mechanical energy generation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: mechanical energy generation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: mechanical energy generation process
label: função de geração de energia mecânica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of thermal, chemical, or electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of rotational or linear motion.

mechanical energy generation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: air portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: chemical fuel portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: diesel fuel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gaseous fuel portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: hydraulic fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: exhaust gas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: exhaust gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: hydraulic fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: mechanical energy portion
label: processo de geração de energia mecânica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which thermal, chemical, or electrical energy is converted into rotational or linear mechanical energy by petroleum production equipment.

mechanical energy portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção mecânico de energia @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of mechanical energy—kinetic or potential—present in a component or fluid of petroleum production equipment.

mechanical support
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: suporte mecânico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a structural member that bears mechanical loads to maintain the position and alignment of petroleum production equipment.

metallic structure
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: estrutura metálico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a metallic structural element—frame, vessel shell, or structural member—that forms part of a petroleum production installation.

mixed fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção misto de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid formed by the combination of two or more streams in petroleum production equipment.

mixing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: mixing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: mixing process
label: função de mistura @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the combination and blending of two or more fluid streams or components to achieve a homogeneous mixture.

mixing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de mistura @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which two or more fluid streams or components are combined and blended to achieve a homogeneous mixture.

movement compensation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: movement compensation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: movement compensation process
label: função de compensação de movimentação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the accommodation of relative movement between connected components caused by thermal expansion, vibration, or settlement.

movement compensation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de compensação de movimentação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which relative movement between connected components caused by thermal expansion, vibration, or settlement is accommodated without transmitting excessive stress.

moving object
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: objeto móvel @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a moving element within petroleum production equipment—such as a piston, rotor, or actuator—that transmits force or motion.

moving vane
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: palheta móvel @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a moving blade or vane within a turbine, pump, or separator that interacts with a fluid stream in petroleum production equipment.

multi service transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: multi service transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: multi service transmission process
label: função de transmissão de múltiplos serviços @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the simultaneous measurement and transmission of multiple process variables to a remote control or monitoring system.

multi service transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de transmissão de múltiplos serviços @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which multiple process variables are simultaneously measured and their corresponding signals transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

multiphase fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção multifásico de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid containing two or more distinct phases—gas, liquid hydrocarbon, or water—at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

noise silencing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: noise silencing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: noise silencing process
label: função de silenciamento de ruído @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the attenuation of acoustic energy in a fluid stream or mechanical system to reduce radiated noise to acceptable levels.

noise silencing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de silenciamento de ruído @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which acoustic energy in a fluid stream or mechanical system is attenuated to reduce radiated noise to an acceptable level.

oil portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de óleo @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of liquid hydrocarbon at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

overcurrent protection by fusing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: current interruption by fusing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: current interruption by fusing

panel
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: painel @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a flat structural panel that provides a mounting surface for instrumentation, controls, or electrical equipment in a petroleum production installation.

phase sequence indication
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: indicação de fase de sequência @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting a displayed or transmitted value representing the phase sequence of an alternating-current electrical supply in a petroleum production installation.

phase sequence measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: polyphase electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: phase sequence indication
label: processo de medição de sequência de fases @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the phase sequence of an alternating-current electrical supply is measured and verified by petroleum production instrumentation.

physical object
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: objeto físico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a discrete physical entity within a petroleum production system that occupies space and has defined material properties.

physical variable
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: variável físico @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a measurable physical property—such as pressure, temperature, or flow rate—of a process stream or equipment state in petroleum production.

pig from pipeline
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: pipeline de pig de proveniente de @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a pipeline pig that has been retrieved from a pipeline after completing its pass and is now held in the pig receiver.

pig launching and receiving function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pig launching and receiving process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pig launching and receiving process
label: função de lançamento e recebimento de pig @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes both the controlled introduction of a pipeline pig into a pipeline and its retrieval after passage through the line.

pig launching and receiving process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: pipe pig
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: pipe pig
label: processo de lançamento e recebimento de pig @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a pipeline pig is introduced into a pipeline under operating pressure and subsequently retrieved after completing its passage.

pig launching function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pig launching process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pig launching process
label: função de lançamento de pig @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the controlled introduction of a pipeline pig into a pipeline under operating pressure.

pig launching process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: pipeline pig
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: pipeline pig
label: processo de lançamento de pig @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a pipeline pig is introduced into a pipeline under operating pressure to perform internal cleaning, inspection, or product separation.

pig receiving function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pig receiving process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pig receiving process
label: função de recebimento de pig @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the controlled retrieval and containment of a pipeline pig after its passage through a pipeline.

pig receiving process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: pig from pipeline
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: captured pig
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de recebimento de pig @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a pipeline pig is retrieved and contained in a receiving trap after completing its passage through a pipeline.

pipe pig
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: pig de tubo @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a device propelled through a pipeline by the flow of product to perform internal inspection, cleaning, or product separation.

pipe shearing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pipe shearing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pipe shearing process
label: função de corte de tubulação @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical cutting of a tubular string within a wellbore to enable emergency well control.

pipe shearing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: steel pipe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: steel pipe
label: processo de corte de tubulação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a tubular string within a wellbore is mechanically cut to enable emergency well control.

pipeline pig
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: pig de pipeline @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a device inserted into and propelled through a pipeline to perform internal inspection, cleaning, or gauging operations.

piston
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: pistão @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a sliding disc or cylinder that moves within a cylindrical bore to compress gas or transmit hydraulic force in petroleum production equipment.

pneumatic energy conversion process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: compressed gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: expanded gas portion
label: processo de conversão de energia pneumática @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which compressed-gas energy is converted into rotational mechanical energy by pneumatic actuators or motors.

pneumatic motor function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pneumatic energy conversion process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pneumatic energy conversion process
label: função de acionamento pneumático @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of compressed-gas energy into rotational mechanical motion.

polyphase electrical signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal polifásico elétrico @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a multi-phase electrical signal used to characterise or transmit information about a polyphase alternating-current supply.

position limit detection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de detecção de limite de posição @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the end-of-travel or open or closed position of a moving mechanical component is detected and signalled.

position measurement and transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: position signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: standardized signal
label: processo de medição e transmissão de posição @pt-br
definition: A measurement process in which the position of a mechanical component is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

position signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de posição @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical signal representing the position of a mechanical component in petroleum production equipment.

position transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: signal transmission function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: position measurement and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: position measurement and transmission process
label: função de transmissão de posição @pt-br
definition: A signal transmission function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the position of a mechanical component and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a remote monitoring system.

power transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de transmissão de potência @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transferred from a prime mover through a rotating shaft to one or more driven machines, typically involving the conversion of torque and rotational speed to match operational requirements.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted from a driving component to a driven component through the rotation or linear motion of a shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and rotational speed.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted from an external energy source through a rotating shaft to downstream mechanical components, enabling power transfer within a mechanical system.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted through rotational motion from one component to another via a rotating shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and angular velocity to mounted components.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical power is transferred from one rotating or reciprocating component to another through direct mechanical engagement, resulting in motion transmission and potentially torque or speed modification.
definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical rotational energy is transmitted from a prime mover through a shaft to driven components, resulting in the transfer of torque and rotational motion necessary for equipment operation.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transferred from a prime mover through a rotating shaft to one or more driven machines, typically involving the conversion of torque and rotational speed to match operational requirements.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted from a driving component to a driven component through the rotation or linear motion of a shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and rotational speed.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted from an external energy source through a rotating shaft to downstream mechanical components, enabling power transfer within a mechanical system.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted through rotational motion from one component to another via a rotating shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and angular velocity to mounted components.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical power is transferred from one rotating or reciprocating component to another through direct mechanical engagement, resulting in motion transmission and potentially torque or speed modification.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which mechanical rotational energy is transmitted from a prime mover through a shaft to driven components, resulting in the transfer of torque and rotational motion necessary for equipment operation.

pressure containment process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de contenção de pressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a fluid is held within a defined pressure boundary to prevent uncontrolled release to the environment.

pressure indicating and transmission function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: pressure indicating and transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: pressure indicating and transmission process
label: função de indicação e transmissão de pressão @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of process pressure and both its local display and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a remote monitoring system.

pressure indicating and transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: pressure signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: local pressure display
label: processo de indicação e transmissão de pressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which process pressure is measured and both displayed locally and transmitted as a standardised signal to a remote monitoring system.

pressure measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: pressurized fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: pressure reading
label: processo de medição de pressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the absolute or gauge pressure of a process stream is measured and expressed as a quantitative value.

pressure reading
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: leitura de pressão @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting a quantitative value representing the pressure of a process stream as measured and displayed by petroleum production instrumentation.

pressure reduction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de redução de pressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the pressure of a fluid is reduced from a higher upstream value to a controlled lower downstream value.

pressure relief process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de alívio de pressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a flow path is automatically opened to discharge fluid when process pressure exceeds a defined set point, protecting equipment from overpressure.

pressure relief valve
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: válvula de pressão de alívio @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a self-actuating safety valve that opens at a defined set pressure to discharge fluid and protect equipment from overpressure.

pressure sensing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: detection signal
label: processo de sensoriamento de pressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which fluid pressure is detected and converted into a measurable electrical or pneumatic signal.

pressure sensor
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
label: sensor de pressão @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a sensing element assembly that measures fluid pressure and converts it into an electrical or pneumatic signal.

pressure signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de pressão @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing the pressure of a process stream in petroleum production equipment.

pressure signal pair
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: par de pressão de sinal @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a pair of pressure signals representing the upstream and downstream pressures at two points of a petroleum production process.

pressure signal transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: signal transmission process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: pressure signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: standardized signal
label: processo de transmissão de sinal de pressão @pt-br
definition: A signal transmission process in which a standardised signal representing a measured pressure value is transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

pressure transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de transmissão de pressão @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a standardised signal representing a measured pressure value is transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

pressurized fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção pressurizado de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid held at a pressure above the reference pressure in petroleum production equipment.

process fluid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de processo de fluido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of the process fluid—hydrocarbon, water, or gas—handled at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

process fluid sample
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: amostra de processo de fluido @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a representative sample of process fluid withdrawn from a petroleum production stream for analysis or testing.

process variable
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: variável de processo @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a measurable variable—pressure, temperature, flow rate, or level—that characterises the state of a petroleum production process.

protected temperature sensing element
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: elemento protegido de temperatura de sensoriamento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a temperature sensing element installed within a thermowell or protective sheath to isolate it from the process medium while remaining thermally coupled.

pump chamber
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: câmara de bomba @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the enclosed space within a pump casing in which fluid is pressurised by the impeller or piston.

pumping process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: high pressure fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: mixed fluid portion
label: processo de bombeamento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which mechanical energy is imparted to a fluid to increase its pressure, velocity, or elevation.

raised edge
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: borda saliente @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a raised rim or flange on a component of petroleum production equipment that provides a sealing surface or structural boundary.

rapid depressurization process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de despressurização rápida @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which pressure within a process system is discharged at an accelerated rate to a safe destination in an emergency.

reactive heating function
type: Class
subclass of: heating function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: reactive heating process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: reactive heating process
label: função de aquecimento reativo @pt-br
definition: A heating function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation and transfer of thermal energy through an exothermic chemical reaction.

reactive heating process
type: Class
subclass of: heating process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fuel portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: combustion gas portion
label: processo de aquecimento reativo @pt-br
definition: A heating process in which thermal energy is generated by a chemical reaction and transferred to the process, such as in a reactor or fired heater.

reboiling function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: reboiling process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: reboiling process
label: função de refervimento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the partial vaporisation of liquid at the base of a distillation column by supplying heat to drive vapour upward through the column.

reboiling process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: heating medium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: cooled heating medium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: vapor portion
label: processo de refervimento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which liquid at the base of a distillation column is partially vaporised by the supply of heat to drive vapour upward through the column.

reference signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal de referência @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a signal representing a reference value—such as a set point or calibration standard—used in control or measurement systems of petroleum production equipment.

removed material
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: material de removido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes material—scale, deposits, or cuttings—removed from a surface or stream by a mechanical cleaning process in petroleum production equipment.

restricted object
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: objeto restrito @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a component whose movement or flow is constrained by a restriction mechanism in petroleum production equipment.

rock cuttings
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: cascalhos de rocha @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes rock fragments produced by the drill bit during drilling and transported to surface by the circulating drilling fluid.

rotating vanes
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: palhetas rotativo @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes an assembly of vanes attached to a rotating element that interacts with a fluid stream in petroleum production equipment.

rotational energy transfer function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: rotational energy transfer process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: rotational energy transfer process
label: função de transferência de energia rotacional @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a RotationalEnergyTransferProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy through rotational motion within a machine assembly.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a RotationalEnergyTransferProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy through rotational motion within a machine assembly.

rotational energy transfer process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de transferência de energia rotacional @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a rotor transfers mechanical energy through its rotational motion, enabling the operation of rotating machinery such as motors, compressors, pumps, and turbines.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a rotor transfers mechanical energy through its rotational motion, enabling the operation of rotating machinery such as motors, compressors, pumps, and turbines.

scraping function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: scraping process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: scraping process
label: função de raspagem @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical removal of deposits, scale, or coatings from the interior surface of a pipeline or vessel.

scraping process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: contaminated surface
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: cleaned surface
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: removed material
label: processo de raspagem @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which deposits, scale, or coatings are mechanically removed from the interior surface of a pipeline or vessel.

sealed joint
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: junta selado @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a joint between two components in petroleum production equipment that is sealed to prevent leakage of process fluid.

sealing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: sealing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: sealing process
label: função de vedação @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a SealingProcess and that consists in providing a tight interface against which a closure element bears to prevent fluid leakage through a valve.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a SealingProcess and that consists in providing a tight interface against which a closure element bears to prevent fluid leakage through a valve.

sealing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: mating surface
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: sealed joint
label: processo de vedação @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a valve seat provides a sealing interface for a closure element (gate, ball, disc) to bear against, preventing fluid passage when the valve is closed.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a valve seat provides a sealing interface for a closure element (gate, ball, disc) to bear against, preventing fluid passage when the valve is closed.

sealing system
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: sistema de vedação @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the assembly of seals, gaskets, and packing that prevents leakage between two components of petroleum production equipment.

sensing element
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: elemento de sensoriamento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a primary element that directly responds to a physical or chemical variable to generate a measurement signal in petroleum production instrumentation.

separate vapour space
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: espaço separado de vapor @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a distinct vapour space within petroleum production equipment where disengaged gas accumulates above the liquid level.

separated solid liquid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção separado líquido de sólido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the solid–liquid fraction recovered after a phase separation process in petroleum production equipment.

separation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid mixture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid mixture portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas mixture portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: cleaned gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: dense phase
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: light phase
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: separated solid liquid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: solid portion
label: processo de separação @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a heterogeneous mixture is divided into two or more fractions of differing composition by exploiting differences in physical properties.

shaking function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: shaking process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: shaking process
label: função de agitação mecânica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the application of oscillating mechanical motion to a screen or separator to promote separation of solids from a fluid.

shaking process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material portion
label: processo de agitação mecânica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which oscillating mechanical motion is applied to a screen or separator to promote the separation of solids from a fluid.

shearing blade
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: lâmina de cisalhamento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the cutting blade of a shear ram in a blowout preventer that severs a tubular string for well control purposes.

shell
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: casco @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the outer cylindrical wall of a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, or column that forms the main pressure boundary in petroleum production equipment.

side outlet
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: saída lateral @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a lateral outlet port on a vessel or pipe fitting through which fluid is discharged from the side of the equipment.

signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a physical quantity—electrical, pneumatic, or optical—carrying information about a process variable or equipment state in petroleum production systems.

signal relay function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: signal relay process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: signal relay process
label: função de retransmissão de sinal @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the reception and re-transmission of a control or monitoring signal to extend its range or provide electrical isolation.

signal relay process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de retransmissão de sinal @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a control or monitoring signal is received and re-transmitted to extend its range or provide electrical isolation between circuits.

solid bulk storage function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: solid bulk storage process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: solid bulk storage process
label: função de armazenamento de sólidos a granel @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the containment and temporary storage of solid bulk materials such as catalyst, proppant, or chemical reagents.

solid bulk storage process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: solid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: solid portion
label: processo de armazenamento de sólidos a granel @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which solid bulk materials such as catalyst, proppant, or chemical reagents are contained and held for subsequent use.

solid portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de sólido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of solid material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

solid storage and dispensing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: solid storage and dispensing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: solid storage and dispensing process
label: função de armazenamento e distribuição de sólidos @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the storage of solid materials and their controlled dispensing in metered quantities into a process stream.

solid storage and dispensing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: solid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: solid portion
label: processo de armazenamento e distribuição de sólidos @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which solid materials are stored and dispensed in metered quantities into a process stream.

spacing function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: spacing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: spacing process
label: função de espaçamento @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the maintenance of a defined spatial separation between components to ensure correct alignment, clearance, or insulation.

spacing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: physical object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: physical object
label: processo de espaçamento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a defined spatial separation between components is maintained to ensure correct alignment, clearance, or insulation.

standardized electrical signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal padronizado elétrico @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting an electrical signal in a standardised format—such as 4–20 mA or 0–10 V—used to transmit process variable values between petroleum production instrumentation components.

standardized signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal padronizado @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a signal in a standardised format used to transmit measurement values or control commands between petroleum production instrumentation and control system components.

stationary machine component function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: stationary machine component process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: stationary machine component process
label: função de componente estacionário de máquina @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a StationaryMachineComponentProcess and that consists in providing a stationary structural foundation and housing for active elements (such as windings, vanes, or seals) within rotating machinery, maintaining positional stability relative to moving components.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a StationaryMachineComponentProcess and that consists in providing a stationary structural foundation and housing for active elements (such as windings, vanes, or seals) within rotating machinery, maintaining positional stability relative to moving components.

stationary machine component process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de componente estacionário de máquina @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a stator maintains its fixed position relative to rotating components within machinery, providing structural support and housing for electromagnetic windings, guide vanes, or other functional elements that require stable positioning.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a stator maintains its fixed position relative to rotating components within machinery, providing structural support and housing for electromagnetic windings, guide vanes, or other functional elements that require stable positioning.

stator winding
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: enrolamento de estator @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the stationary winding of an electric motor or generator that produces or responds to the rotating magnetic field in petroleum production rotating electrical equipment.

steel pipe
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: tubo de de aço @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a pipe made of steel used to convey fluids under pressure in petroleum production piping systems.

storage process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material portion
label: processo de armazenamento @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which a fluid or material is held within a contained space for a defined period before further processing or distribution.

structural support function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: structural support process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: structural support process
label: função de suporte estrutural @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a StructuralSupportProcess and that consists in providing mechanical support, load distribution, or structural integrity within an engineered system through a flat, planar configuration.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a StructuralSupportProcess and that consists in providing mechanical support, load distribution, or structural integrity within an engineered system through a flat, planar configuration.

structural support process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de suporte estrutural @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural element bears loads, distributes forces, or maintains structural integrity within a system, typically through its geometric configuration and material properties.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a structural element bears loads, distributes forces, or maintains structural integrity within a system, typically through its geometric configuration and material properties.

subsurface access process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: drill string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: drilling fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: wellbore
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: cuttings and fluid
label: processo de acesso subsuperficial @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which access to subsurface formations is established and maintained through a wellbore to enable exploration, production, or injection activities.

subsurface resource interaction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: subsurface resource interaction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: subsurface resource interaction process
label: função de interação com recursos subsuperficiais @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the controlled physical interaction with subsurface formations to enable exploration, drilling, completion, or production activities.

subsurface resource interaction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: material portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material portion
label: processo de interação com recursos subsuperficiais @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which petroleum production equipment physically interacts with subsurface formations to enable drilling, completion, or production operations.

subsurface safety process
type: Class
subclass of: safety relief process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de segurança subsuperficial @pt-br
definition: A safety relief process in which the wellbore flow path is automatically closed by a downhole safety valve to prevent uncontrolled flow of reservoir fluids to surface.

suction inlet
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: entrada de sucção @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the inlet through which fluid is drawn into a pump or compressor under suction pressure in petroleum production equipment.

support function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: supporting process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: supporting process
label: função de suporte @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the bearing of mechanical loads from attached components or piping to maintain their position and structural integrity.

supported electrical cable
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: cabo suportado elétrico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes an electrical cable that is mechanically supported and routed by cable support systems in a petroleum production installation.

supported tubing string
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: coluna suportado de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a downhole tubing string that is suspended and supported from the wellhead by a tubing hanger in a petroleum production well.

supporting process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: mechanical support
label: processo de suporte @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which mechanical loads from attached components or piping are borne by a structural element to maintain their position and integrity.

surface safety valve
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: válvula de superfície de segurança @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a safety valve installed at the wellhead or surface flowline that automatically closes to prevent uncontrolled flow from the well.

temperature indication process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: thermal energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: local temperature display
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: visual information
label: processo de indicação de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to a remote monitoring system.

temperature measurement and transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: temperature signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: standardized signal
label: processo de medição e transmissão de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which process temperature is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.

temperature measurement function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: temperature measurement process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: temperature measurement process
label: função de medição de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the thermal state of a process stream or equipment surface and its expression as a quantitative value.

temperature measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: thermal energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: measurement signal
label: processo de medição de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the thermal state of a process stream or equipment surface is determined and expressed as a quantitative value.

temperature sensing element
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: elemento de temperatura de sensoriamento @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a primary sensing element—thermocouple, RTD, or thermistor—that responds to temperature to generate a measurable signal in petroleum production instrumentation.

temperature sensing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: thermal energy portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: temperature signal
label: processo de sensoriamento de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which thermal energy is detected and converted into a measurable signal representing the temperature of a process stream or component.

temperature sensor protection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: temperature sensing element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: thermal energy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: protected temperature sensing element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: thermal energy
label: processo de proteção de sensor de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which a protective barrier shields a temperature sensing element from direct contact with the process medium while maintaining thermal conductivity to enable accurate temperature measurement.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which a protective barrier shields a temperature sensing element from direct contact with the process medium while maintaining thermal conductivity to enable accurate temperature measurement.

temperature signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de temperatura @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface in petroleum production equipment.

thermal energy
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: energia térmico @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes thermal energy transferred between a process stream and heat exchange surfaces of petroleum production equipment.

thermal energy portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção térmico de energia @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of thermal energy at a defined point in the heat transfer circuit of petroleum production equipment.

thermal expansion accommodation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: thermal expansion accommodation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: thermal expansion accommodation process
label: função de acomodação de expansão térmica @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the absorption of dimensional changes in piping or structures caused by variations in process temperature.

thermal expansion accommodation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de acomodação de expansão térmica @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which dimensional changes in piping or structures caused by variations in process temperature are absorbed without transmitting excessive stress to connected equipment.

three phase separation function
type: Class
subclass of: separation function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: three phase separation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: three phase separation process
label: função de separação trifásica @pt-br
definition: A separation function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a gas–liquid hydrocarbon–produced water mixture into three distinct phases by gravity and residence time.

three phase separation process
type: Class
subclass of: separation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: multiphase fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: oil portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: water portion
label: processo de separação trifásica @pt-br
definition: A separation process in which a mixture of gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and produced water is divided into three distinct phases by gravity and residence time.

transduction function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: transduction process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: transduction process
label: função de transdução @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of one form of physical signal or energy into another form suitable for measurement or transmission.

transduction process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: physical variable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: signal
label: processo de transdução @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which one form of physical signal or energy is converted into another form suitable for measurement or transmission.

tube bundle
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
label: feixe de tubo @pt-br
definition: An assembly of heat transfer tubes, baffles, and tube sheets that forms the core of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger in petroleum production equipment.

tubing bowl
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: tigela de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the bowl at the top of a wellhead housing in which the tubing hanger is seated and sealed.

tubing bundle
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
label: feixe de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: An assembly of multiple tubing strings grouped and routed together for injection or production purposes in petroleum production wells or risers.

tubing string
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: coluna de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the continuous string of tubing that conveys production fluids from the wellbore to the surface or delivers injection fluids downhole.

tubing support and connection function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: tubing support and connection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: tubing support and connection process
label: função de suporte e conexão de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes both the mechanical support of tubing strings within a wellbore and their connection to surface or subsurface equipment.

tubing support and connection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: tubing hanger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: christmas tree connection point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: supported tubing string
label: processo de suporte e conexão de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which downhole tubing strings are mechanically supported within a wellbore and connected to surface or subsurface equipment.

tubing support function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: tubing support process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: tubing support process
label: função de suporte de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical suspension and support of downhole tubing strings within a wellbore.

tubing support process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: tubing string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: tubing string
label: processo de suporte de coluna de produção @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which downhole tubing strings are mechanically suspended and supported within a wellbore.

turbine section
type: Class
subclass of: assembly
label: seção de turbina @pt-br
definition: An assembly of rotor blades, stator vanes, and casing components that extracts energy from a fluid stream in a turbine stage of petroleum production turbomachinery.

turbomachinery power generation function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: turbomachinery power generation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: turbomachinery power generation process
label: função de geração de energia por turbomáquina @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of fluid enthalpy into shaft power through interaction with rotating turbine blades.

turbomachinery power generation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: air portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fuel portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: exhaust gas portion
label: processo de geração de energia por turbomáquina @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which fluid enthalpy is converted into shaft power through the interaction of a fluid stream with rotating turbine blades.

uninterrupted power supply function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: uninterrupted power supply process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: uninterrupted power supply process
label: função de fornecimento ininterrupto de energia @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the provision of continuous electrical power to critical loads during interruptions to the main power supply.

uninterrupted power supply process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
label: processo de fornecimento ininterrupto de energia @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which continuous electrical power is provided to critical loads during interruptions to the main power supply.

vacuum referencee chamber
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: câmara de vácuo de referência @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a sealed reference cavity maintained at a known low pressure for use as a reference in absolute pressure measurement instruments.

vapor portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de vapor @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of vapour phase material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

vibration measurement and transmission process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: vibration signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de medição e transmissão de vibração @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the amplitude or frequency of mechanical vibration is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote monitoring system.

vibration signal
type: Class
subclass of: measurement information content entity
label: sinal de vibração @pt-br
definition: A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical signal representing the amplitude or frequency of mechanical vibration measured in petroleum production equipment.

visual information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: informação visual @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting visual information—such as a colour, indicator state, or display value—conveying process or equipment status to an operator.

visual inspection function
type: Class
subclass of: instrumentation function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: visual inspection process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: visual inspection process
label: função de inspeção visual @pt-br
definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a VisualInspectionProcess and that consists in enabling direct optical observation of internal conditions, fluid properties, or process states within containers, vessels, or piping systems for operational monitoring, safety verification, or maintenance purposes.
natural language definition: A DesignedFunction that is realized in a VisualInspectionProcess and that consists in enabling direct optical observation of internal conditions, fluid properties, or process states within containers, vessels, or piping systems for operational monitoring, safety verification, or maintenance purposes.

visual inspection process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: fluid portion
label: processo de inspeção visual @pt-br
definition: A PlannedProcess in which an operator or automated vision system directly observes the interior of a vessel or piping system through a transparent window or port to assess fluid level, flow conditions, phase behavior, contamination, or other visual indicators of process state.
natural language definition: A PlannedProcess in which an operator or automated vision system directly observes the interior of a vessel or piping system through a transparent window or port to assess fluid level, flow conditions, phase behavior, contamination, or other visual indicators of process state.

visual signal
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
label: sinal visual @pt-br
definition: An information content entity constituting a visual indication—such as a light, colour band, or pointer position—conveying the state of a process variable in petroleum production equipment.

waste combustion function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: waste combustion process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: waste combustion process
label: função de combustão de resíduos @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the thermal destruction of waste gases, liquids, or solids by controlled combustion.

waste combustion process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: waste material portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: solid portion
label: processo de combustão de resíduos @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which waste gases, liquids, or solids are thermally destroyed by controlled combustion in petroleum production equipment.

waste gas burning process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: waste gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: combustion product portion
label: processo de queima de gás residual @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which surplus or waste gas is combusted in a flare or incinerator to destroy it safely and prevent atmospheric venting.

waste gas disposal function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: waste gas burning process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: waste gas disposal process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: waste gas burning process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: waste gas disposal process
label: função de descarte de gás residual @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the safe disposal of waste or surplus gas streams by combustion, venting, or re-injection into a formation.

waste gas disposal process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: gas portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: gas portion
label: processo de descarte de gás residual @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which waste or surplus gas streams are safely disposed of by combustion, venting, or re-injection into a subsurface formation.

waste gas portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de resíduo de gás @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of waste or surplus gas generated in petroleum production operations that is directed to disposal equipment.

waste material portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de resíduo de material @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of waste material generated by a processing step in petroleum production equipment and requiring disposal.

water portion
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: porção de água @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a portion of water—produced water or injection water—at a defined point in a petroleum production process.

water vapor
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: vapor de água @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes water in the vapour phase present in a process stream handled by petroleum production equipment.

well fluid
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: fluido de poço @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes the fluid—hydrocarbon, water, or gas—produced from or injected into a petroleum production well.

well fluid control function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: well fluid control process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: well fluid control process
label: função de controle de fluido de poço @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the regulation of fluid flow from a well to maintain production targets and prevent uncontrolled release.

well fluid control process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: formation fluid portion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: formation fluid portion
label: processo de controle de fluido de poço @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which the flow of fluids from a well is regulated to maintain production targets and prevent uncontrolled release.

well surface control function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: well surface control process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: well surface control process
label: função de controle de superfície do poço @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the control of wellbore conditions from surface to manage production flow, monitor integrity, and enable well interventions.

well surface control process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: well fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: well fluid
label: processo de controle de superfície do poço @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which wellbore conditions are controlled from surface to manage production flow, monitor well integrity, and enable intervention operations.

wellhead spool
type: Class
subclass of: material artifact
label: spool de cabeçal de poço @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a spool piece installed between wellhead components to provide the correct bore alignment and connection points.

wet material
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
label: material úmido @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a material containing a significant moisture or liquid content prior to processing in petroleum production equipment.

wing valve
type: Class
subclass of: valve
label: válvula de ala @pt-br
definition: A material artifact that constitutes a flow control valve on the side outlet of a Christmas tree that directs well production to a flowline or test separator.

wireline logging function
type: Class
subclass of: designed function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: wireline logging process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: wireline logging process
label: função de perfilagem por wireline @pt-br
definition: A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the acquisition of subsurface formation and wellbore data by lowering measurement tools into the well on a wireline cable.

wireline logging process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: downhole tool assembly
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: electrical signal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: electrical signal
label: processo de perfilagem por wireline @pt-br
definition: A planned process in which measurement tools are lowered into a well on a wireline cable to acquire subsurface formation and wellbore data.

provisional
type: NamedIndividual
type: maturity level
definition: construct or ontology development state in which content is subject to change and may change considerably
explanatory note: IOF users should be aware that the resource is not dependable, but can be used for reference and for further work.

released
type: NamedIndividual
type: maturity level
definition: construct or ontology development state in which the resource is stable, usable, and has been made available to external users
explanatory note: Release notes will be provided for any changes concerning released content, and any revisions will be backward compatible with the prior version to the degree possible.