Santos, N.O., Antunes, C., Abel, M., Netto, J. (2026). Axiomatizing Industrial Reference Data: A BFO/IOF-Core Enrichment of ISO 15926-4 Equipment Classes. In: Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2026). IOS Press.
BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Copyright © 2026 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Available under the CC BY 4.0 License.
Core Ontology of Petroleum Installations (COPI)
Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)
Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia.
COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos.
COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification.
Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy.
abstract
summary of the resource
This annotation is used to describe an artifact such as a vocabulary, ontology, or ontology module.
contributor
entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
creator
entity responsible for making the resource
description
account of the resource
issued
date of formal issuance of the resource
license
legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource
modified
date on which the resource was changed
publisher
entity responsible for making the resource available
Used to document the primary agent (organization or person) responsible for the resource. This will be "Industrial Ontology Foundry" for IOF artifacts.
references
related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource
rights
information about rights held in and over the resource
source
related resource from which the described resource is derived
The intent is to provide a user with a reference as to how the thing being annotated was derived or arrived at. - The source can be a URL to a standard, common dictionary (e.g. Oxford), or similar reference. Or it can be a short description of where the entity being annotated was derived from. - The 'Source' annotation would most likely be used as an annotation on an annotation. For instance annotating a Natural Language definition annotation.
title
name given to the resource
Used for formal title of an artifact (but not individual elements such as classes or properties).
comment
instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human-readable description of a resource
Use of this annotation is deprecated in IOF. This annotation MUST NOT be used in IOF ontologies. IOF authors SHOULD use explanatoryNote, usageNote, or scopeNote when additional information about the resource is needed. skos:note may be used directly in a case where none of the other annotation properties enumerated apply.
is defined by
instance of rdf:Property that is used to indicate a resource defining the subject resource
This annotation is used to identify the machine readable resource that formally defines the subject resource. The object of an rdfs:isDefinedBy annotation must be a URL.
label
instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name
Example: If the IRI of a class was https://www.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/ManufacturedProduct, the rdfs:label might be 'manufactured product'
The de facto use of rdfs:label is to exactly reflect (but not necessarily be exactly the same as) the local name of an element in an ontology (i.e., in OWL the 'local name' is the final segment of the IRI after the /).
see also
instance of rdf:Property that is used to indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource
The information provided via annotations in an ontology should be concise and to the point. - Additional or extended explanations, history, decisions, rationale, etc. can be placed in an ontology's External Documentation. - The External Documentation need not be elaborate. If using Github to publish an ontology is could be part of the Read.Me element. Or it could be a single document. - The object of an rdfs:seeAlso annotation must be a URL (e.g. the reference document or GitHub site of the ontology).
alternative label
alternative lexical label for a resource
change note
note about a modification to a concept
definition
statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept
editorial note
note for an editor, translator, or maintainer of the vocabulary
example
example of the use of a concept
Use of this annotation is optional, but recommended if it will help a user understand the intended interpretation(s). - This annotation should use at most twice with/on a notion. - Additional examples or more elaborate examples should be placed in the External Documentation (using rdfs:seeAlso).
note
general note, for any purpose
scope note
note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept
Use of this annotation is optional, but recommended if it will help a user understand the scope and/or context for usage of the concept.
abbreviation
synonym that is an alternate short label for the resource
acronym
an abbreviation usually formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase
Use this annotation when there is a commonly accepted acronym. HOWEVER: While acronyms and other abbreviations may be provided as annotations to elements in an IOF ontology, they must NOT BE USED as part of identifiers or labels, except where they have become the primary designator for a notion where the full 'name' is no longer commonly known or recognized. (e.g. LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation; RADAR: RAdio Detection And Ranging; MODEM: Modulator-DEModulator; SCUBA: Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus; etc),
adapted from
source for the resource that was modified to create the subject resource
copyright
exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same
This annotation is to be used for an entire ontology and not individual elements.
example that refutes or disproves a concept in some scenario and is intended to demonstrate how the concept might be misused
direct source
definitive source of the subject resource
elucidation
'Agent' is a subclass of the BFO class 'material entity', which in turn is a subclass of the BFO class 'independent continuant', which in turn is a subclass of the BFO class 'continuant'. So the position of 'Agent' is 'material entity ← independent continuant ← continuant'.
This annotation is no longer used. The isPrimitive annotation is now set to true to indicate a primitive class when necessary and sufficient conditions can not be provided.
excerpted from
source of a resource that was imported unmodified from an external ontology
This annotation is to be used when an element from a non-IOF ontology is used in an IOF ontology (and the source ontology is not imported in its entirety).
explanatory note
note that provides additional explanatory information about a given notion or resource
first-order logic axiom
logic axiom annotation written in first order logic
First-order logic axioms MAY be provided if the term is primitive ('is primitive' is true ) or non-primitive. A construct MAY include more than one first-order logic axiom annotation.
first order logic definition
logic definition that expresses the axioms of a class or an object property in first order logic
An example of a First Order Logic definition for 'Product' might be (again bearing in mind the natural language terms appearing should be regarded as symbols in the IOF signature): - Continuant(x) ∧ ¬(SpecificallyDependentContinuant(x) ∨ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r (ProductRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x, r))
The First Order Logic Definition annotation is comprised of the (complete) necessary and sufficient conditions. - This annotation is Required for each non-primitive (aka non-axiomatic) class (i.e. unary relation) of a published IOF OWL ontology. This is the most authoritative and comprehensive definition of an IOF element. - IOF Common Logic ontologies do not require this annotation, but if included it must be logically equivalent to the Common Logic definition. - A primitive (aka axiomatic) term will not have a First Order Logic definition in either an OWL or Common Logic IOF ontology. - There should be at most one First Order Logic definition. - The specific symbols to be used for existential and universal quantification along with those for conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditional (i.e. if-then), and equivalence will be those commonly used in the mathematical formulas and statement. - Conjunction - ∧; Disjunction - ∨; Negation - ¬; Existential Quantification - ∃; Universal Quantification - ∀; Conditional - →; Equivalence - ↔; Left/Right Parentheses - (,); Left/Right Brackets - {,}.
is primitive
boolean flag indicating that necessary and sufficient conditions are not provided
'is primitive' must be present if the term does not have necessary and sufficient conditions and the value of the annotation must be set to true. When 'is primitive' is set to true, a value for a 'primitive rationale' annotation must also be provided.
logic axiom
logical statements constraining the interpretation of the notion represented by the construct that do not provide necessary and sufficient conditions
This annotation property is an abstraction of the more specialized logic axiom annotations used in IOF. However, this annotation property can also be used to group together the logic axiom annotation values of different forms (such as FOL and natural language) that express the same meaning for a particular construct.
A first order logic axiom expression and a semi-formal natural language axiom expression should be added as Property values for each logic axiom annotation using 1 of each of the corresponding logic axiom annotation subproperties.
logic definition
definition in the form of a logical expression
maintainer
entity responsible for maintaining the resource
This annotation applies to an entire IOF ontology (i.e. the file) and not to individual elements.
maturity
annotation property used to indicate the development status of a resource
Any value for maturity MUST be an instance of MaturityLevel. All IOF ontologies MUST include exactly one maturity annotation. IOF constructs may include a maturity annotation.
natural language definition
definition written in plain text for human understanding
This annotation is Required for each non-primitive or non-axiomatic class of an IOF (OWL or Common Logic) ontology. - It is optional for primitive (aka axiomatic) classes since such the Elucidation annotation is required and will satisfy the role of a natural language definition. - It is optional, but recommended, for relations when the intent of a relation may be misunderstood. - There should be at most one. - This natural language definition should be subject matter expert friendly and consistent with any formal definition or elucidation. - Natural language definitions should use class and relation names with following caveats: a) Relations – For those relations whose label (i.e. local identifier) consist of multiple terms hyphenate the terms of the label: e.g. 'hasPlan' would be written as 'has-plan' b) Classes – For classes whose label has multiple distinct terms, e.g, ManufacturingOperationSpecification, separate the terms but bound them with apostrophe marks: 'Manufacturing Operation Specification'.
primitive rationale
reason why necessary and sufficient conditions could not be provided
When 'is primitive' is set to true, a value for 'primitive rationale' must be provided. The rationale should indicate what is missing if additional work is required to define necessary and sufficient conditions.
replaced by
reference to the IRI of the target of a deprecated construct
The value of an iof-av:replacedBy annotation must be the IRI which replaces the target construct.
semi-formal natural language axiom
logic axiom expressed in natural language
Semi-formal natural language axioms MAY be provided if the term is primitive (is primitive is true). A construct MAY include more than one semi-formal natural language axiom annotation.
semi-formal natural language definition
logic definition that expresses a first order logic definition or common logic definition in natural language
This annotation is required if an element in an IOF OWL ontology has a First Order Logic definition or in a IOF Common Logic (where the element is defined using Common Logic). - The intent of this annotation to provide a transition or bridge from the First Order Logic definition of a notion to the natural language definition. This definition is intended to help a user understand the intended interpretation of the notion. - As example using the First Order Logic definition of 'Product' above, a semi-formal translation of that might be: - Product =def. Continuant that is not a Person and not an Organization and not a Specifically Dependent Continuant and there is a Product Role that the thing has or bears.
definition of the term expressed in natural language that has the minimal usage of ontological terms and is intended to be a self-standing explanation
Usage of this annotation is optional but is recommended in cases where: - the natural language definition or elucidation rely heavily on the terms defined in the ontology - there exists an explanation of the term that is more familiar to SMEs that does not coincide with the definition present in the ontology
symbol
abbreviation that is a design, mark, or charaters(s) used conventionally to represent something, such as currency, quantity, or variable in an expression
Chemical Symbols: H, O, Mg Units of Measure: Km, Kg, G
synonym
alternative label (designation) used for the resource in some community
usage note
note that provides information about how a given notion or resource is used in the ontology's context
was defined by
identifies the occurrence time and former location for a construct, annotation, or individual
This annotation MUST have two sub-annotations iof-av:wasMovedFrom and iof-av:wasMovedOn
was moved from
part of a iof-av:wasDefinedBy annotation indicating the previous ontology a construct, annotation, or individual was located
This annotation MUST be a sub-annotation of iof-av:wasDefinedBy
was moved on
part of a iof-av:wasDefinedBy annotation indicating the date and time a construct, annotation, or individual’s location was changed
Reference to an ISO 15926 term IRI.
Referência a um IRI de termo da ISO 15926.
iso15926Reference
referência ISO 15926
Reference to an ISO 14224 equipment taxonomy entry.
Referência a uma entrada da taxonomia de equipamentos da ISO 14224.
iso14224Reference
referência ISO 14224
Reference to a CFIHOS (Capital Facilities Information Handover Specification) term.
Referência a um termo CFIHOS (Capital Facilities Information Handover Specification).
cfihosReference
referência CFIHOS
Reference to a DEXPI (Data Exchange in the Process Industry) prototype element.
Referência a um elemento prototípico DEXPI (Data Exchange in the Process Industry).
dexpiReference
referência DEXPI
Reference to a POSC Caesar RDL IRI.
Referência a um IRI do RDL POSC Caesar.
poscCaesarReference
referência POSC Caesar
has realization
realized in
b has realization c =Def c realizes b
As for realizes
realizes
(Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <Link>
participates in
(Elucidation) participates in holds between some b that is either a specifically dependent continuant or generically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region & some process p such that b participates in p some way
has participant
p has participant c =Def c participates in p
the IOF has decided to include transitive participation as an additional axiom of 'has participant at some time' which is reflected in the property chain associated with this property. That is, if A has an 'occurent part' B which 'has participant at some time' C then A 'has participant at some time' C.
is concretized by
c is concretized by b =Def b concretizes c
concretizes
b concretizes c =Def b is a process or a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & there is some time t such that c is the pattern or content which b shares at t with actual or potential copies
preceded by
b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match
precedes
(Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.
Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t.
Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents.
while the scope of BFO: precedes is occurrent, for the purposes of formalization of Allen interval algebra we have added the FOL elaborations for 'time instant' 'time interval', 'process boundary' and 'process'. For the case of other occurrents the formalization already provided by BFO (https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/21838-2/pdf) should be followed.
LA1: precedes(i,j) ∧ process(i) ∧ process(j) → ∃i1∃j1 (TemporalInterval(i1)∧TemporalInterval(j1)∧occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1)∧occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ precedes(i1,j1))
LA2: precedes(i,j) ∧ ProcessBoundary(i) ∧ ProcessBoundary(j) → ∃i1∃j1 (TemporalInstant(i1)∧TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ precedes(i1,j1))
LA3: precedes(i,j) ∧TemporalInstant(i) ∧TemporalInterval(j) → ∃j1(hasFirstInstant(j,j1)∧ precedes(i,j1))
LA4: precedes(i,j) ∧ TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j) → ∃i1(hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ precedes(i1,j))
LA5: precedes (i,j) ∧TemporalInstant (i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j) → ∃k∃l(hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(i,k) ∧ hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(j,l) ∧ ∃v1∃v2(hasDateTimeInstantValue(k,v1) ∧ hasDateTimeInstantValue(l,v2) ∧ (v1 < v2)))
LA6: precedes(i,j) ∧ TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ (precedes(i1,j1) ∨ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1)))
comes before (something) in time
LA1: If i and j are both ‘process’ and i 'precedes' j then the ‘temporal instant’ that i occupies 'precedes' ‘temporal instant’ that j occupies
LA2: If i and j are both ‘process boundary’ and i 'precedes' j then the ‘temporal instant’ that i occupies 'precedes' ‘temporal instant’ that j occupies
LA3: if i is ‘temporal instant’ and j is ‘temporal interval’ and i 'precedes' j then i 'precedes' the 'first instant of' j
LA4: if i is ‘temporal interval’ and j is ‘temporal instant’ and i 'precedes' j then the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' j
LA5: If i and j are both ‘temporal instant’ and i 'precedes' j then the 'temporal instant value expression' of i is less than the 'temporal instant value expression' of j
LA6: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i is 'precedes' j then the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' the 'first instant of' j or the 'last instant of' i 'occurs simultaneously with' the 'first instant of' j
occurs in
b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank
generically depends on
g-depends on
b generically depends on c =Def b is a generically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & at some time t there inheres in c a specifically dependent continuant which concretizes b at t
is carrier of
b is carrier of c =Def there is some time t such that c generically depends on b at t
exists at
(Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000
has member part
b has member part c =Def c member part of b
has occurrent part
b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday
has temporal part
b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
Your life has temporal part the first year of your life
location of
b location of c =Def c located in b
material basis of
b material basis of c =Def c has material basis b
member part of
b member part of c =Def b is an object & c is a material entity & there is some time t such that b continuant part of c at t & there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, ..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n)
occurrent part of
(Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match
temporal part of
b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game
temporally projects onto
(Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle
located in
b located in c =Def b is an independent continuant & c is an independent & neither is a spatial region & there is some time t such that the spatial region which b occupies at t is continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t
continuant part of
b continuant part of c =Def b and c are continuants & there is some time t such that b and c exist at t & b continuant part of c at t
Milk teeth continuant part of human; surgically removed tumour continuant part of organism
has continuant part
b has continuant part c =Def c continuant part of b
environs
contains process
b environs c =Def c occurs in b
Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic
history of
(Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
This life is the history of this organism
has history
b has history c =Def c history of b
This organism has history this life
specifically depended on by
s-depended on by
b specifically depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b
Coloured object specifically depended on by colour
specifically depends on
s-depends on
(Elucidation) specifically depends on is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c such that b and c share no parts in common & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c
A shape specifically depends on the shaped object; hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample specifically depends on each other
The analogue of specifically depends on for occurrents is has participant.
bearer of
b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b
A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality
inheres in
b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c
A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity
occupies temporal region
p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945
occupies spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory
occupies spatial region
b occupies spatial region r =Def b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & r is a spatial region & there is some time t such that every continuant part of b occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of b occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t
spatially projects onto
(Elucidation) spatially projects onto is a relation between some spatiotemporal region b and spatial region c such that at some time t, c is the spatial extent of b at t
has material basis
b has material basis c =Def b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & there is some time t such that c is a continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c is a continuant part of d at t
first instant of
t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday
has first instant
t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31
last instant of
t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday
has last instant
t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31
achieves at some time
The staffing and ramping up of production to 2 shifts per work day acheives the company plan of satisfying a surge in demand for its products.
achievesAtSomeTime(x,y) → Process(x) ∧ InformationContentEntity(y) ∧ (concretizesAtSomeTime(x,y) ∨ ∃z(continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(z,y) ∧ InformationContentEntity(z) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime(x,z)))
relation from a process to an information content entity wherein the process partially or fully concretizes the information content entity
x achieves at some time y holds when x is a 'process' and y is an 'information content entity' and x 'concretizes at some time' y or a 'continuant part of at all times' y
acts on behalf of at some time
An agent acts on behalf of a business organization. A laywer acts on behalf of a person.
actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (Person(y) ∨ GroupOfAgents(y) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y)) ∧ ∃p∃d(PlannedProcess(p) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(d) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧achievesAtSomeTime(p,d) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(d,y))
relation from a material entity to a person or a group of agents or engineered system that holds when the material entity participates in some planned process in order to fulfill an objective for the person or group of agents or engineered system
x acts on behalf of at some time y holds when x is a 'material entity' (that is not a 'fiat object part') and y is some 'person' or 'group of agents' or 'engineered system' and at some time t, there exists a 'planned process' p such that x 'participates in' p and p 'achieves at some time' some 'objective specification' d that 'generically depends on at some time' y
after
A metal surface is polished after the surface is cleaned to make it free from dust or grease; a product is manufactured after it is designed; March comes after January.
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of j
'before' and 'after' are inverse relations
before
The surface of the metal is cleaned to make it free from dust or grease before polishing; a product is designed before it can be manufactured; January comes before March.
LA1: before(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ before(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ precedes(i1,j1))
LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ before(i,j) → TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ before(i1,j1))
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is earlier than the first instant of the temporal extent of j
LA1: If i is 'before' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i is 'before' j then the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' the 'first instant of' j
LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i is 'before' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies is 'before' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
capability of
turning at the maximal speed of 4000RPM is the capability of a lathe; temperature sensor has the capability to measuring temperature with a 0.01C precision is the capability of a temperature sensor; measuring pH in the range of 0-14 is the capability of a pH meter
capabilityOf(x,y) → Capability(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
relation from a capability to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the capability specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x capability of y holds when x is a 'capability' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y
categorized by
categorizedBy(c1, c2) ↔ categorizes(c2, c1)
relation between a lower-order classifier by a higher-order classifier such that the latter classifier categorizes the former
c1 is 'categorized by' c2 iff c2 categorizes c1
categorizes
classifiers such as SUV, hatchback, and sedan are categorized under a higher-order classifier body style; classifiers like internal combustion, electric, and hybrid vehicles are categorized by fuel type; classifiers such as small, medium, and large are categorized by size; specific plasmid classifiers (e.g., pSEVA191) may be generalized by a classifier such as Ap, which is categorized by antibiotic resistance
1. The terms lower-order and higher-order are relative. In this pattern, a lower-order classifier is used to classify entities of a particular kind, whereas a higher-order classifier indicates a general basis on which the lower-order classifier classifies 2. The definition of categorizes uses 'Set' and related constructs which are not avalable in the current release. These constructs will be made available in the upcoming releasesAlthough set and a ‘set member of’ constructs are not explicitly available in the current release, standard set-theoretic semantics are assumed; in particular, setMemberOf(x, s) is to be understood as x∈s.
categorizes(c1, c2) ∧ generalizes(c2, c3) → categorizes(c1, c3)
categorizes(c1, c2) ↔ (classifies(c1, c2) ∧ ∃s1, s2 (designates(c1, s1) ∧ designates(c2, s2) ∧ setMemberOf(s2, s1))))
relation between classifiers in which a higher-order classifier classifies a lower-order classifier and designates a set that has as members only sets designated by lower-order classifiers that it organizes
if c1 'categorizes' c2 and c2 'generalizes' c3, then c1 also 'categorizes' c3
c1 ‘categorizes’ c2 if and only if c1 ‘classifies’ c2 and there exists some s1 and some s2 such that c1 ‘designates’ s1, c2 ‘designates’ s2, and s2 is a set member of s1
classified by
See the explanatory note and detailed FOL formalization under classifies
relation that holds between an entity y and an information content entity x when the information content entity designates a set whose members are all the entities of a particular type and y is a member of that set
x is 'classified by' c iff c classfies x
classifies
UNSPSC code 44121706 classifies a wooden pencil
1. Any two entities classified by the same classifier are instances of a single, uniquely determined class; while the classifier classifies multiple entities, it designates one class (through a set instance) that fixes their common type. 2. The set designated by a classifier corresponds to a class means that every instance of the class is a member of that set. In this sense, the set is treated as a punned individual of the class, sharing the same IRI while remaining semantically distinct. 3. The definition of classifies uses 'Set' and related constructs which are not avalable in the current release. These constructs will be made available in the upcoming releasesAlthough set and a ‘set member of’ constructs are not explicitly available in the current release, standard set-theoretic semantics are assumed; in particular, setMemberOf(x, s) is to be understood as x∈s.
LA1: classifies(c,x) → ∃s (Set(s) ∧ designates(c,s) ∧ setMemberOf(x, s))
LA2: classifies(c,x) ∧ designates(c,s) → ∃C(Class(C) ∧ instanceOf(x,C) ∧ sameIRI(s,C) ∧ ∀y((setMemberOf(y,s) → instanceOf(y,C)) ∧ (setMemberOf(y,s) → classifies(c,y))))
relation that holds between an information content entity x and an entity y when the information content entity designates a set whose members are instances of a particular type and y is a member of that set
LA1: if c 'classifies' x, then there exists a set s such that c 'designates' s and x 'is a member of' s
LA2: if a classifier c classifies an entity x and designates a set s, then there exists a class C such that x is an instance of C, s and C share the same IRI, and, for every entity y, if y is a member of s then y is an instance of C and if y is a set member of s then c classifies y
component part of at all times
transmission assembly is a component part of a car; engine control ;sparger is a component part of a bioreactor
componentPartOfAtAllTimes(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ properContinuantPartOfAtAllTimes(x,y)
relation from a material entity to another material entity that it is a proper part of at all times it exists
x component part of at all times y holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x is 'proper continuant part of at all times' y
component part of at some time
a particular chromatography column is a component part of a chromatography system during several purification cycles; a particular tool is a component part of a CNC machine while it is being used for manufacturing a particular part
The IOF does not consider as component part of material entities that are delineated by a non-physical (fiat) boundary from the material entity they are a part of.
componentPartOfAtSomeTime(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ properContinuantPartOfAtSomeTime(x,y)
relation from a material entity to another material entity that it is a proper part of at some time
x component part of at some time y holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x is 'proper continuant part of at some time' y
contains occurence of
The grinding of metal contains occurrence of sparking; a storm contains occurrences of lightning.
containsOccurrenceOf(x,y) ↔ occursDuring(y,x)
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of j is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of i and the last instant of the temporal extent of j is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of i
'contains occurrence of' and 'occurs during' are inverse relations
denoted by
one or more individuals are denoted by the name 'John'; vehicle is denoted by a 'vehicle identification number'; molecules with the structure CH3-CH2-OH is denoted by 'ethanol'
relation from an entity to an information content entity that distinguishes the entity
denotes
the name 'John' denotes one or more individuals that have that name; 'vehicle identification number' denotes a vehicle; 'ethanol' is a name given by IUPAC which denotes molecules with the structure CH3-CH2-OH
The distinguishment implied by denotes is not necessarily unique, which is why this property is not made functional. For example, a name can, at one point, 'denote' multiple individuals.
relation from an information content entity to an entity that the information content entity distinguishes
described by
some current event is described by the content of a newspaper article; some facility visit is described by the content of a visitor's log; some accident is described by the content of an accident report
relation from an entity to an information content entity that characterizes the entity
describes
the content of a newspaper article describes some current event; the content of a visitor's log describes some facility visit; the content of an accident report describes some accident
relation from an information content entity to an entity that the information content entity characterizes
designated by
a Web Page's location on the internet is designated by an URL; an individual in USA is designated by SSN ; a particular lot of product is designated by a 'lot number'
relation from an entity to an information content entity that uniquely distinguishes the entity from other entities
designates
a URL designates the location of a Web Page on the internet;SSN designates an individual; 'lot number' designates a particular lot of product
1. To ensure uniqueness, each information content entity can designate exactly one entity. As such, this property is made functional. 2. The uniqueness of the entity is typically within a particular context that is represented in the identification scheme that conveys the meaning of the assignment.
relation from an information content entity to an entity that the information content entity uniquely distinguishes from other entities
disposition of
the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y is the disposition of an atom of element X; the disposition to break apart is the disposition of a poorly assembled item
dispositionOf(x,y) → Disposition(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
relation from a disposition to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x disposition of y holds when x is a 'disposition' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y
function of
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
functionOf(x,y) → Function(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
relation from a function to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x function of y holds when x is a 'function' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y
generalizes
UNSPSC classifier code 26101500 for engines genralizes commodity classifier code 26101507 for turboshaft engines.
1. Since the set designated by a classifier corresponds to a class, a subset relation between designated sets implies a subclass relation between the corresponding classes: if s2 is a subset of s1, then the class corresponding to s2 is a subclass of the class corresponding to s1. In this sense, the classifier being generalized is associated with a more specific class, while the classifier that generalizes it is associated with a more general class. 2. For further details on what it means for a set to correspond to a class, see the FOL formalization and explanatory note for classifier. 3. Generalizes is asymmetric and transitive. Accordingly, if one classifier generalizes a second classifier, the second does not generalize the first; and if a first classifier generalizes a second and the second generalizes a third, then the first also generalizes the third. 4. The definition of generalizes uses 'Set' and related constructs which are not avalable in the current release. These constructs will be made available in the upcoming releasesAlthough Set and subset of are not explicitly available in the current release, standard set-theoretic semantics are assumed; in particular, subSetOf(s2, s1) is understood as s2 ⊆ s1.
LA1: generalizes(c1, c2) ∧ designates(c1, s1) ∧ designates(c2,s2) → subSetOf(s2, s1)
LA2: generalizes(p, c) ∧ classifies(c, x)) → classifies(p, x)
generalizes(c2​, c1​) ↔ ∀x(classifies(c2​, x) → classifies(c1​, x))
relation between two classifiers such that everything classified by the latter is also classified by the former
LA1: If a 'classifier' c1 'generalizes' a 'classifier' c2, and c1 and c2 'designate' sets s1 and s2 then s2 'is subset of' s1
LA2: if p 'generalizes' c and c 'classifies' x, then p also 'classifies' x
‘c2’ generalizes ‘c1’ if and only if for every instance ‘x’, if ‘c2’ classifies ‘x’, then ‘c1’ classifies ‘x’.
has capability
a lathe has a capability to turn at the maximal speed of 4000RPM; temperature sensor has the capability to measure temperature with a 0.01C precision; pH meter has the capability to measure pH in the range of 0-14
hasCapability(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Capability(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a capability, in which the capability specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x has capability y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'capability' and x is 'bearer of' y
has component part at all times
car has component part a chasy; a bioractor has component part a stainless steel vessel
hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ hasProperContinuantPartAtAllTimes(x,y)
relation from a material entity to another material entity that it has as a proper part at all times it exists
x has component part at all times y holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x 'has proper continuant part at all times' y
has component part at some time
a particular chromatography column is a component part of a chromatography system has a component part a particular chromatography column during several purification cycles; a CNC machine has component part a particular tool while it is being used for manufacturing a particular part
hasComponentPartAtSomeTime(y,x) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(x))) ∧ (MaterialEntity(y) ∧ ¬(FiatObjectPart(y))) ∧ properContinuantPartOfAtSomeTime(x,y)
relation from a material entity to another material entity that it has as a proper part at some time
y has component part at some time x holds when x is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and y is a 'material entity' that is not a 'fiat object part' and x is 'proper continuant part of at some time' y
has disposition
An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; a poorly assembled item has the disposition to break apart
hasDisposition(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Disposition(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x has disposition y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'disposition' and x is 'bearer of' y
has function
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
hasFunction(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Function(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x has function y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'function' and x is 'bearer of' y
has input
machine learning execution process has input a dataset;fermentation process has input growth medium; additive manufacturing process has input metal powder;
relation from a process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that is a necessary precondition for the process to start
has measured value at some time
'80kg' is the value of the weight of a male human on the 5th of October 2022; '37C' is the temperature inside a bioreactor in the 30th min from the process start
relation from an entity to a value expression that contains the value of the entity measured at some time t
has output
chemical manufacturing process has output a wastestream; toluene manufacturing process has output a certain quantity of toluene; car manufacturing process has output a car
By introducing the condition that it must exist at the end of the process materials that only transitively exist during the process (e.g., reaction intermediary) are excluded from being considered the output.
relation from a process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that participates in the process such that it is generated or modified during the process, and that it exists at the end of the process
has process characteristic
the water flowing through a pipe during a given period has the average flow rate as a process characteristic, the heating process has the total energy consumed as a process characteristic, the batch sterilization process has the peak temperature as a process characteristic.
hasProcessCharacteristics(p, c) → processCharacteristicsOf(c, p)
relation between a process and its characteristic
if p 'has process characteristics' c, then c is 'process characteristics of' p
has process profile
The pH profile is a process profile of the cell culture growth process, the spindle speed profile is a process profile of the milling process, the flow rate profile is a process profile of the pipeline transport process.
hasProcessProfile(p, x) → processProfileOf(x, p)
relation that holds between a process and a process profile that is part of the process such that the part is temporally coextensive with another proper part that is mutually dependent on it and has no parts in common with it
if p 'has process profile' x, then x is 'process profile of' p
has quality
this apple has quality this red color
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
hasQuality(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Quality(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x has function y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'quality' and x is 'bearer of' y
has role
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
hasRole(x,y) → IndependentContinuant(x) ∧ Role(y) ∧ bearerOf(x,y)
relation from an independent continuant (the bearer) to a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x has role y holds when x is a 'independent continuant' and y is a 'role' and x is 'bearer of' y
has specified output
biopharmaceutical production process has specified output an antibody solution of 99.999% purity; a simulation execution has specified output a prediction of part porosity; a temperature measurement process has specified output a temperature measurement result; a car manufacturing process has specified output a car
this relation was added to specifically model the outputs that are not byproducts/wasteproducts
hasSpecifiedOutput(x,y) → PlannedProcess(x) ∧ Continuant(y) ∧ ∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ prescribes(o,y) ∧ achievesAtSomeTime(x,o) ∧ hasOutput(x,y))
relation from a planned process to someone or something physical or digital (continuant) that is produced or modified in the planned process as prescribed by an objective
x 'has specified output' y holds when x is a 'planned process' and y is a 'continuant' and x 'has output' y and y is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' which x 'achieves at some time'
has intended output
has value expression at all times
speed of light in a vacuum has value expression 3×10^8 m/s ; electric charge carried by a single proton has the value expression 1.602176634×10−19 coulombs
relation from an entity to a value expression that contains the value of the entity which does not change during the entire existence of the entity
has value expression at some time
the diameter of a screw head has value expression 1cm that is specified in its design; a bioreactor has value expression 37C that was measured during the production process; "low risk" is the value expression of a process parameter "low risk" that is based on the risk analysis classification scheme; an antibody has value expression 3 g/l that was generated by a process simulation
determined in this context can be interpreted as either being simulated or being measured
relation from an entity to a value expression that contains the value of the entity determined or set at some time t
is about
a temperature recording is about temperature; SSN is about a particular individual; commercial service agreement is about a commercial service
IAO:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000136 and CCO:http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
primitive, generic relationship between an information content entity and some entity
is achieved by at some time
The company plan of satisfying a surge in demand for its products is achieved by the staffing and ramping up of production to 2 shifts per work day.
isAchievedByAtSomeTime(y,x) → Process(x) ∧ InformationContentEntity(y) ∧ (concretizesAtSomeTime(x,y) ∨ ∃z(continuantPartOf(z,y) ∧ InformationContentEntity(z) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime(x,z)))
relation from an information content entity to a process that partially or fully concretizes the information content entity
y is achieved by at some time x holds when x is a 'process' and y is an 'information content entity' and x 'concretizes' y or a 'continuant part of' y, at some time t
is available to at some time
a roll of aluminum (resource) is avaiable to an agent to use in a forming process, a milling workstation (resource) is available to a manufacturer to produce some parts
this definition of 'is available to' is not the same as the state of availability e.g a machine is idle hence it is in the available state
isAvailableToAtSomeTime(x,y) → (MaterialEntity(x) ∨ Site(x)) ∧ Agent(y) ∧ ∃p∃o∃c(Process(p) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ Capability(c) ∧ hasCapability(x,c) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(o,y) ∧ (realizes(p,c) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p)→ AchievesAtSomeTime(p,o)))
relation from a material entity or physical location to an agent that holds when the material entity or physical location have a capability that is needed by the agent to fulfil some objective carried by the agent
x is available at some time y holds when x is a 'material entity' or 'site' and y is an 'agent' and x 'has capability' some 'capability' which when 'realized in' some 'process' p that y 'participates in at some time' implies that p 'achieves at some time' some 'objective specification' that 'generically depends on at some time' y
is input of
a dataset is an input of a machine learning execution process; growth medium is an input of a fermentation process; metal powder is an input of an additive manufacturing process;
relates someone or something physical or digital (continuant) to a process that it is a necessary precondition for the process to start
is made of at all times
A glass bottle is made of glass at all times during its existence as that bottle; A polymer tube is made of polymer at all times during its existence as that tube
This relation is asserted with an ‘at all times’ condition. It therefore implies that, for every time at which a exists, a has b as a continuant part. Equivalently, there is no time during the existence of a at which a fully lacks b as a part while still remaining the same material entity
relation between material entity b and material entity that is not a fiat object c such that b has continuant part at all times c and if portion of c is removed from b, that portion stops being part of b, while the remaining c continues to exist as the same material entity and b remains to have continuant part c
is made of at some time
A bottle is made of glass; a bioreactor vessel is made of stainless steel; a capsule shell is made of gelatin; a wooden tabletop is made of oak
A car is not made of wheels; a bioreactor is not made of sensors; a computer is not made of circuit boards; an aircraft is not made of engines; a building is not made of windows; a pipeline is not made of valves
1) This relation captures the continuous material composition of an entity rather than its structural or component assembly. It depends on the presence of some quantity of the material, not on the exact total amount. The identity of b remains unchanged when its portions are removed; only the quantity of the material within a varies. The relation continues to hold as long as any remainder of b remains materially present in a. 2) It applies to continuous substances or amounts of matter such as glass, steel, polymer, or wood. It should not be used for discrete parts, modules, or components such as wheels, valves, or bolts. The material may be homogeneous or composite; chemical uniformity is not required. 3) The relation has the following characteristics: irreflexive, asymmetric, non-functional, non-transitive
relation between material entity b and material entity that is not a fiat object c such that b has continuant part at some time c and if portion of c is removed from b, that portion stops being part of b, while the remaining c continues to exist as the same material entity and b remains to have continuant part c
is measured value of at some time
'80kg' is the measured weight of a particular male human
relation from a value expression to the entity indicating that the value expression contains the value of the entity measured at some time t
is output of
wastestream is an output of a chemical manufacturing process; a certain quantity of toluene is an output of a toluene manufacturing process; a car is an output of a car manufacturing process
relation from someone or something physical or digital (continuant) to a process that it participates in such that it is generated or modified during the process, and it exists at the end of the process
is specified output of
antibody solution of 99.999% purity is the specified output of a biopharmaceutical production process; prediction of part porosity is a specified output of a simulation execution; temperature measurement result is the specified output of a temperature measurement process; a car is the specified output of a car manufacturing process
isSpecifiedOutputOf(y,x) → PlannedProcess(x) ∧ Continuant(y) ∧ ∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ prescribes(o,y) ∧ achievesAtSomeTime(x,o) ∧ hasOutput(x,y))
relation from someone or something physical or digital (continuant) to a planned process in which it is produced or modified as prescribed by some objective
y 'has specified output' x holds when x is a 'planned process' and y is a 'continuant' and x 'has output' y and y is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' which x 'achieves at some time'
is intended output of
is subject of
temperature is subject of temperature recording; particular individual is subject of SSN; commercial service is subject of commercial service agreement
primitive, generic relationship between an entity and some information content entity
is temporally overlapped by
When two plates are being welded at a joint, the heating of current point being welded is temporally overlapped by the cooling of a previously welded point; the receiving process is temporally overlapped by the sending process in a transaction process; Sumerian civilization (c. 3500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE) in Mesopotamia was temporally overlapped by Ancient Egyptian civilization (c. 3000 BCE - 30 BCE).
isTemporallyOverlappedBy(x,y) ↔ temporallyOverlaps(y,x)
relation that holds between two intervals and processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of j is earlier than and the last instant of the temporal extent of j is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of i, and the last instance of the temporal extent of j is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of i
'is temporally overlapped by' and 'temporally overlaps' are inverse relations
is value expression of at all times
3×10^8 m/s is the value expression of the speed of light in a vacuum; 1.602176634×10−19 coulombs is the value expression of the electric charge carried by a single proton
relation from a value expression to an entity indicating that the value expression contains the value of the entity which does not change during the entire existence of the entity
is value expression of at some time
1cm is the value expression of the diameter of a screw head that is specified in its design; 37C is the value expression of the temperature of a bioreactor measured during the production process; "low risk" is the value expression of a process parameter based on the risk analysis classification scheme; 3 g/l is the value expression of titer of an antibody generated by a process simulation
relation from a value expression to the entity indicating that the value expression contains the value of the entity determined or set at some time t
measured by at some time
the temperature within a production vessel is measured by a temperature sensor at certain points in time during a chemical production process; the weight of a material bulk is measured by a scale
relation from an entity to a material entity with a measurement capability that got realized to determine the value of the entity, at some time
measures at some time
a tempearture sensor measures the temperature within a production vessel at certain points in time during the chemical production process; a scale measures the weight of a material bulk
In this context, value is always determined relative to some classification scheme or on a quantitative scale
relation from a material entity to an entity indicating that the measurement capability of the material entity got realized to determine the value of the entity, at some time
meets
When an item is placed on a moving conveyor by a robotic arm, the process of placing the item meets the process of moving the item; summer meets fall; January meets February; the Christmas holiday period meets New Year’s holiday period.
LA1: meets(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ meets(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1))
LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ meets(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ meets(i1,j1))
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is the same as the first instant of the temporal extent of j
LA1: If i 'meets' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'meets' j then the 'last instant of' i 'occurs simultaneously with' the 'first instant of' j
LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'meets' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'meets' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
met by
When an item is placed on a moving conveyor by a robotic arm, the process of moving of the item is met by the process of placing the item; fall is met by summer; February is met by January; the New Year’s holiday period is met by the Christmas holiday period.
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of j is the same as the first instant of the temporal extent of i
'met by' and 'meets' are inverse relations
observed by at some time
a chemical reaction in an experiment is observed by a scientist, a machining process is observed by an operator, a group of COVID patients are observed by a doctor
observedByAtSomeTime (y, x) → Agent(x) ∧ Entity(y) ∧ ∃p∃i(Process(p) ∧ InformationContentEntity(i) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧ hasOutput(p,i) ∧ isAbout(i,y))
relation from an entity to an agent indicating that the agent participates in some process that outputs information about the entity, at some time
p is observed by b at some time t holds when p is an 'entity' and b is an 'agent' and there is a 'process' in which b 'participates in at some time' and that 'has output' some 'information content entity' that 'is about' p
observes at some time
a scientist observing a chemical reaction in an experiment, an operator observes a machining process, a doctor observes a group of COVID patients
this property was not put under participates in at some time because the target of observation can be continuant or an occurent and in the case of an occurent an agent that observes the occurent might not participate in that occurent
observesAtSomeTime (x, y) → Agent(x) ∧ Entity(y) ∧ ∃p∃i(Process(p) ∧ InformationContentEntity(i) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧ hasOutput(p,i) ∧ isAbout(i,y))
relation from an agent to an entity indicating that the agent participates in some process that outputs information about the entity, at some time
b observes p at some time t when b is an 'agent' and p is an 'entity and there is a 'process' in which b 'participates in at some time' and that 'has output' some 'information content entity' that 'is about' p
occurs during
The final inspection and removal of defective products occur during the product is being moved to the packaging station by a conveyor belt; a sensor measures the thickness of the wall during the sand-grinding process; turkey is traditionally served during dinners on Thanksgiving In the United States.
LA1: occursDuring(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ occursDuring(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ precedes(j1,i1) ∧ precedes(i2,j2))
LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ occursDuring(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ occursDuring(i1,j1))
LA4: occursDuring(i,j) ↔ ∃k(temporallyFinishes(i,k) ∧ temporallyStarts(k,j))
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of i is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of j and the last instant of the temporal extent of i is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of j
LA1: If i 'occurs during' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'occurs during' j' then first instant of' j ‘precedes’ the 'first instant of' i and the 'last instant of' i ‘precedes’ the 'last instant of' j
LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'occurs during' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'occurs during' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
LA4: i 'occurs during' j if and only if there exists k such that i temporally finishes k and k temporally starts j
occurs simultaneously with
The rotation of the chuck in a lathe occurs simultaneously with the running of the motor.
LA1: occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → (TemporalInstant(i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j)) ∨ (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j)) ∧ (ProcessBoundary(i) ∧ ProcessBoundary(j))
LA2: TemporalInstant(i) ∧ TemporalInstant(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃k∃l(TemporalInstantValueExpression(k) ∧ TemporalInstantValueExpression(l) ∧ hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(i,k) ∧ hasValueExpressionAtAllTimes(j,l) ∧ ∃v1∃v2(hasDateTimeInstantValue(k,v1) ∧ hasDateTimeInstantValue(l,v2) ∧ (v1 = v2)))
LA3: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i2,j2))
LA4: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1))
LA5: ProcessBoundary(i) ∧ ProcessBoundary(j) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1))
relation that holds between two time instants when they are simultaneous or between two intervals when they have same first and last instants or between two processes or two process boundaries when their temporal extents are the same
LA1: if i 'occurs simultaneously with' j then either i and j are both ‘temporal instant’, or both are ‘temporal interval’ or both are ‘process’ or both are ‘process boundary’
LA2: If both i and j are both ‘temporal instant’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then 'temporal instant value expression' of i is equal to the 'temporal instant value expression' of j
LA3: If i and j are both ‘temporal interval’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then the 'first instant of' i 'occurs simoultaneously with' the 'first instant of' j and the 'last instant of' i 'occurs simoultaneously with' the 'last instant of' j
LA4: If both i and j are ‘process’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then the ‘temporal interval’ occupied by i ‘occurs simoultaneously with’ the ‘temporal interval’ occupied by j
LA5: If i and j are both ‘process boundary’ and i 'occurs simoultaneously with' j then the ‘temporal instant’ that i occupies 'occurs simoultaneously with' ‘temporal instant’ that j occupies
prescribed by
some Artifact or Facility is modeled by a blueprint; a set of rules to be followed while acting in a role within a profession are prescribed by a professional code of conduct; tasks that need to be performed to achieve the Objectives of the Operation are prescribed by the Operation Plan
relation from an entity to an information content entity that the information content entity serves as a collection of rules or guide for if the entity is something that unfolds in time (occurrent), or as a model if the entity is someone or something physical or digital (continuant)
prescribes
a blueprint serves as a model of some Artifact or Facility; a professional code of conduct serves as a set of rules to be followed while acting in a role within that profession; an Operations Plan serves as a guide for the tasks that need to be performed to achieve the Objectives of the Operation
relation from an information content entity to an entity such that the information content entity serves as a collection of rules or guide for the entity if the entity is something that unfolds in time (occurrent), or as a model if the entity is someone or something physical or digital (continuant)
process characteristic of
The average flow rate is a process characteristic of the water flowing through a pipe during a given period, the total energy consumed is a process characteristic of the heating process, the peak temperature is a process characteristic of the batch sterilization process.
relation between a characteristic and the process it is a characteristic of
process profile of
pH profile is a process profile of culture growth, agitation speed profile is a process profile of a mixing process, tool vibration profile is a process profile of a engine running
axiom label in BFO2 Reference (094-005) in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000144 from BFO 2.0
∀x, y (processProfileOf(x,y) → (properOccurrentPartOf(x,y) ∧ ∃z, t (properOccurrentPartOf(z,y) ∧ TemporalRegion(t) ∧ occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion(x,t) ∧ occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion(y,t) ∧ occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion(z,t) ∧ ¬∃w(occurrentPartOf(w,x) ∧ occurrentPartOf(w,z)))))
relation that holds between a process profile and a process that it is part of such that the source process is a proper part of the target process and is temporally coextensive with another proper part of the target process that is mutually dependent on it and shares no parts with it.
if x is 'process profile of' y, then x is a 'proper occurrent part of' y that shares a 'spatiotemporal region' with some other 'proper occurrent part' z of y such that x and z have no common 'occurrent part'
quality of
this red color is a quality of this apple
qualityOf(x,y) → Quality(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
relation from a quality to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x disposition of y holds when x is a 'quality' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y
recognized by at some time
a failure event is recognized by an operator that results in information about the event such as the time of occurrence and the description about the failure; a defect on a part is recognized by a quality control engineer that results in information about the defect such as the nature of the defect and the cause of the defect
relation from an entity to an agent that is able to describe the entity or is able to associate an information content entity that describes the entity, at some time
recognizes at some time
operator recognizes a failure event that results in information about the event such as the time of occurrence and the description about the failure, a quality control engineer recognizes a defect on a part that results in information about the defect such as the nature of the defect and the cause of the defect
Recognition is preceded by an observation of an entity that is related to the entity being recognized or the entity being recognized is an entity that is an attribute of the entity being observed
this property was not put under participates in at some time because the target of recognition can be continuant or an occurent and in the case of an occurent an agent that recognizes the occurent might not participate in that occurent
relation from an agent to an entity that the agent is able to describe the entity or is able to associate an information content entity that describes the entity, at some time
requirement satisfied by
a UML requirement specification is satisfied by a a piece of software; functional requirement specification of a car is satisfied by its desgn specification
relation from a requirement specification to an entity that conforms to the requirement specification
role of
this investigator role is a role of this person
roleOf(x,y) → Role(x) ∧ IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ inheresIn(x,y)
relation from a role to an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
x disposition of y holds when x is a 'role' and y is a 'independent continuant' and x is 'inheres in' y
satisfies requirement
a piece of software satisfies a UML requirement specification, a design specification of a car satisfies its functional requirement specification
relation from an entity to a requirement specification that the entity conforms to
specializes
See the expanded formalization and explanation under generalizes
specializes(c1, c2) ↔ generalizes(c2, c1)
relation between two classifiers such that everything classified by the former is also classified by the latter
c1 is 'specializes' c2 iff c2 generalizes c1
temporally finished by
A delivery process is temporally finished by the generation of “proof of delivery”; a football match is temporally finished by the Referee’s final whistle; every week is temporally finished by a Sunday.
temporallyFinishedBy(x,y) ↔ temporallyFinishes(y,x)
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of j is the same as the last instant of the temporal extent of i and the first instant of i is preceded by the first instant of j
'temporally finished by' and 'temporally finishes' are inverse relations
temporally finishes
The generation of “proof of delivery” temporally finishes the delivery process; Referee’s final whistle temporally finishes the football match; Sunday temporally finishes the week.
LA1: temporallyFinishes(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ temporallyFinishes(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i2,j2) ∧ precedes(j1,i1))
LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ temporallyFinishes(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ temporallyFinishes(i1,j1))
LA4: temporallyFinishes(i,j) ↔ ∃k∃l(meets(i,k)∧meets(j,k) ∧ before(l,i) ∧ meets(l,j))
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the last instant of the temporal extent of i is the same as the last instant of the temporal extent of j and the first instant of j precedes the first instant of i
LA1: If i 'temporally finishes' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'temporally finishes' j then the 'last instant’ of i ‘occurs simultaneously with’ the 'last instant of' j and the 'first instant of' j 'precedes' the 'first instant’ of i
LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'temporally finishes' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'temporally finishes' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
LA4: i 'temporally finishes' j if and only if there exists k such that i 'meets' k and j 'meets' k, and there exists l that is 'before' i and 'meets' j
temporally overlaps
When two plates are being welded at a joint, the cooling of a previously welded point temporally overlaps the heating of the point which is currently being welded; the sending process temporally overlaps the receiving process in a transaction process; Ancient Egyptian civilization (c. 3000 BCE - 30 BCE) temporally overlapped the Sumerian civilization (c. 3500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE) in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600 BCE - c. 1900 BCE) in South Asia.
LA1: temporallyOverlaps(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ precedes(j1,i2) ∧ precedes(i1,j1) ∧ precedes(i2,j2))
LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(i1,j1))
LA4: temporallyOverlaps(i,j) ↔ ∃k(temporallyFinishes(k,i) ∧ starts(k,j))
relation that holds between two intervals and processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of i is earlier than and the last instant of the temporal extent of i is later than the first instant of the temporal extent of j, and the last instance of the temporal extent of i is earlier than the last instant of the temporal extent of j
LA1: If i 'temporally overlaps' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'temporally overlaps' j then the 'first instant’ of j ‘precedes’ the 'last instant of' i and the 'first instant of' i ‘precedes’ the 'first instant’ of j and the 'last instant of' i ‘precedes’ the 'last instant of' j
LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'temporally overlaps' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'temporally overlaps' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
LA4: i 'temporally overlaps' j if and only if there exists k that 'temporally finishes' i and 'temporally starts' j
temporally started by
An internal combustion engine is temporally started (running) by the process of cranking; some machine is temporally started (running) by pressing a switch; every year is temporally started by the New Year’s Day.
temporallyStartedBy(x,y) ↔ temporallyStarts(y,x)
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of j is the same as first the instant of the temporal extent of i and the last instant of j precedes the last instant of i
'temporally started by' and 'temporally starts' are inverse relations
temporally starts
the process of cranking temporally starts (the running of) an internal combustion engine; the pressing of a switch temporally starts (the running of) some machine; the New Year’s Day temporally starts a year.
LA1: temporallyStarts(i,j) → (TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j)) ∨ (Process(i) ∧ Process(j))
LA2: TemporalInterval(i) ∧ TemporalInterval(j) ∧ temporallyStarts(i,j) → ∃i1∃i2∃j1∃j2(TemporalInstant(i1) ∧ TemporalInstant(i2) ∧ TemporalInstant(j1) ∧ TemporalInstant(j2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(i,i1) ∧ hasLastInstant(i,i2) ∧ hasFirstInstant(j,j1) ∧ hasLastInstant(j,j2) ∧ occursSimultaneouslyWith(i1,j1) ∧ precedes(i2,j2))
LA3: Process(i) ∧ Process(j) ∧ temporallyStarts(i,j) → ∃i1∃j1(TemporalInterval(i1) ∧ TemporalInterval(j1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(i,i1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(j,j1) ∧ temporallyStarts(i1,j1))
LA4: temporallyStarts(i,j) ↔ ∃k∃l(meets(k,i) ∧ meets(k,j) ∧ before(i,l) ∧ meets(j,l))
relation that holds between two intervals or processes i and j when the first instant of the temporal extent of i is the same as first the instant of the temporal extent of j and the last instant of i precedes the last instant of j
LA1: If i 'temporally starts' j then either both are 'temporal intervals' or both are 'process'
LA2: If both i and j are 'temporal intervals' and i 'temporally starts' j then the 'first instant’ of i ‘occurs simultaneously with’ the 'first instant of' j and the 'last instant of' i 'precedes' the 'last instant of' j
LA3: If both i and j are 'process' and i 'temporally starts' j then the 'temporal interval' that i occupies 'temporally starts' the 'temporal interval' that j occupies
LA4: i 'temporally starts' j if and only if there exists k that 'meets' i and j and there exists l such that i is 'before' l and j 'meets' l
A sub-propriedade de bfo:participatesIn (BFO_0000056) entailada exclusivamente pela cadeia iof-constr:hasFunction ∘ obo:BFO_0000054: um artefato material participa funcionalmente em todo processo que realiza uma de suas funções projetadas.
The sub-property of bfo:participatesIn (BFO_0000056) entailed exclusively by the chain iof-constr:hasFunction ∘ obo:BFO_0000054: a material artifact functionally participates in every process that realizes one of its designed functions.
functionally participates in
participa funcionalmente em
Distingue a participação mediada por função da participação geral: obo:BFO_0000056 (participa em) vale sempre que um continuante toma parte em algum processo por qualquer razão; copi:participatesIn é entailada apenas pela cadeia hasFunction ∘ BFO_0000054 (tem realização). Uma bomba participa funcionalmente em toda operação de aumento de pressão de líquido que realiza sua função de bombeamento; BFO_0000056 vale adicionalmente para qualquer outro envolvimento.
Distinguishes function-mediated from general participation: obo:BFO_0000056 (participates in) holds whenever a continuant takes part in any process for any reason; copi:participatesIn is entailed only via the chain hasFunction ∘ BFO_0000054 (has realization). A pump functionally participates in every liquid-pressure-increase operation that realizes its pumping function; BFO_0000056 additionally covers any other process involvement.
∀x∀y (functionallyParticipatesIn(x,y) ↔ ∃f(hasFunction(x,f) ∧ hasRealization(f,y)))
x 'functionally participates in' y if and only if there exists a function f such that x 'has function' f and f 'has realization' y
x 'participa funcionalmente em' y se e somente se existe uma função f tal que x 'tem função' f e f 'tem realização' y
has date-time instant value
The time point at 16:30pm at UTC on 3rd March 2023 is asserted by the associated (‘is value expression of at all times’) ‘temporal instant value expression’ having date-time value (‘has date-time instant value’) 2023-03-03T16:30:00Z.
1. This data property may be used to specify a ‘temporal instant value expression’ in XSD date-time format (e.g., 2002-10-10T17:00:00Z). For a detailed description of xsd:DateTime, see https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime. 2. While comparing two ‘temporal instant value expression’, it is important to make sure that their date-time expressions are given in the same calendar and clock system. 3. For detailed expression of date and time in a specific calendar system, use a suitable subclass of TemporalPosition class from Time ontology (https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/) instead of ‘temporal instant value expression’ (see mapping file https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/commonstocoremapping/MappingOWLTimeToIOF/).
data property that relates a time instance value to a XSD date-time
has simple expression value
value expression with the unit 'C' that is the value expression of temperature has simple expression value "37"
1. the literal represents the magnitude or a category within a classification scheme of an entity that the value expression is the value expression of 2. The label 'simple expression' was chosen due to the possiblity of introduction of a 'complex expression' object property in the future release that would be utilized for representation of things such as mathematical formulas
data property that relates a value expression to a literal
entity
(Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem
continuant
(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature
occurrent
(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra
spatial region
(Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region
temporal region
(Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region
two-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space
spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite
'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region.
process
event
(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer
disposition
internally-grounded realizable entity
(Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways
realizable entity
(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity
zero-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole
quality
(Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold
specifically dependent continuant
b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole
role
externally-grounded realizable entity
(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target
fiat object part
(Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body
one-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space
object aggregate
(Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts.
The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts.
three-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time
site
(Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist
location of a container, floor area in a factory building, location of a machine (relative to the coordinate of a factory floor), location on a shelf in a warehouse
Even though site (physical location) always refers to a 3D space it is fine to define it practically just through 2D or 1D or 0D spatial region. For example when we want to talk about 2x2m area within a factory floor even though the space specified is 2D it is still ok to assert it as site as there is always the third dimension above the area that is implicit.
physical location
object
(Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
A description of three primary sorts of causal unity is provided in Basic Formal Ontology 2.0. Specification and User Guide
generically dependent continuant
g-dependent continuant
(Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint
function
(Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
process boundary
p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life
one-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
The temporal region during which a process occurs
material entity
(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings
continuant fiat boundary
(Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface
immaterial entity
b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site
fiat line
(Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin
process profile
temperature profile of a heating process, wind speed profile of a turbine, fuel consumption profile of a boiling pricess, RPM profile of a engine, noise profile of a transmission process, profile of daily average throughput of a production process, count-per-minute profile of a pick-n-place process
maximum temperature of a heating process, average speed of a vehicle trip, total energy consumed during a batch, peak pressure in a reactor, overall throughput of a production run, speed of the car at time t
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo (BFO 2.0)
1) Process profiles capture the attributes (called "structural dimension") of a process that we may use to compare processes, e.g., how fast something moves or how its temperature changes. Two movement process can be compared by comparing the speed profiles of two processes. 2) Process profile types represent common attributes of many different types of processes.. For example, profile of temperature in any heating process, profile of pressure in a piston cycle or pneumatic system. Domain and application-specific taxonomies of process profile need be developed to catalog these subtypes.
∀p, p', x (processProfileOf(p,x) ∧ temporalPartOf(p',p) → ∃x' (processProfileOf(p',x') ∧ temporalPartOf(x',x)))
ProcessProfile(x) ↔ ∃y (Process(y) ∧ processProfileOf(x, y))
process that is proper part of another process and that captures the time-dependent behavior of some attribute of that process
if p is 'process profile of' x and p′ is a 'temporal part of' p, then there exists some x′ such that p′ is 'process profile of' x′ and x′ is a 'temporal part of' x
every instance of 'process profile' is defined as exactly an instance that is 'process profile of' some 'process'
relational quality
b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another
fiat surface
(Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant
fiat point
(Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system
zero-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
history
(Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence
temporal interval
(Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
The year 2018.
A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps.
1. The ‘first instant of’ a ‘temporal interval’ should ‘precede’ the ‘last instant of’ that ‘temporal interval’. Therefore, the date-time asserted (i.e., ‘has date-time instant value’ of the ‘temporal instant value expression’ that ‘is value expression of at all times’ of the ‘temporal instant’) for the first instant should be before the last instant in terms their positions in the corresponding calendar and clock system. For example, the first instant and last instant of a ‘temporal interval’ are 2002-10-10T17:00:00Z and 2002-10-11T01:40:00Z. 2. If only one date-time is available for the interval due to lack of data or an interval being smaller than the tick time (the smallest duration by which the time progresses) then the date-time should be asserted either only for first instant or only for last instant of every interval uniformly for the entire knowledge base. For example, Barack Obama gained the role of presidency on 20 January 2009 should be modeled as the process p of type ‘gain of role’ ‘occupies temporal region’ r (a ‘temporal interval’) which ‘has last instant’ i (a ‘temporal instant’) which ‘has value expression at all times’ v (a ‘temporal instant value expression’) which ‘has data-time value’ 2009-01-20T00:00:00Z.
temporal instant
(Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
The millennium
action specification
pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2; to loosen a screw with a screwdriver, grab the screw driver with your hand, insert the tip into the head of the screw, apply forward pressure into the screwdriver, and rotate the screwdriver counterclockwise.
Information Artifact Ontology, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 and also the Common Core Ontology, http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology (term Action Regulation)
1. An action specification is typically a part of some plan specification. 2. All actions change the universe in some fashion. That is, they have outcomes, whether desired ones or not. Since desired outcomes are reasons for the existence of an action specification, we might argue that all action specifications are, in fact, plan specifications, with desired outcomes as objectives. However, our intent here is to capture instances of action specifications wherein objectives or desired outcomes are not explicitly stated and to delinate 'plan specifications' as cases where the objectives and the corresponding actions are explicitly stated. This is why the class is asserted directly under the information content entity. 3. Although not formalized at this stage, an action specification may prescribe a kind of process in more detail by prescribing the sequence of actions one or more participants are to do or by prescribing the actions persons bearing various roles are to do in bringing about the process. The latter would be relevant in situations where a particular participant bears two (or even more roles) in a process. An example of the latter would be a particular shop floor worker bearing and realizing both the role of the operator and that of the inspector as prescribed by some action specification and as realized in today's occurrences of some punch-press process. 4. Action specification can be used together with plan specification to create a hierarchy of work instruction composition.
InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃p(Process(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → ActionSpecification(x)
information content entity that prescribes what participants shall do in a process
See the rationale provided under information content entity for informational entity types.
if x is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'process' then x is an 'action specification'
actionable work instruction
agent
an employee; a transportation & logistics provider; a robot; a scheduling system
1. Of physical and chemical in nature: Cleaning, vulcanizing, fluxing, indicator, sterilizing, emulisifying, refining. 2. Organisms: animals, cells, parts of organisms (organs, organelles, viruses).
1. See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience. 2. The IOF has elected to exclude material substances often referred to as agents. That is, they realize some specific function that some person desires (e.g., platinum is a reducing agent in various reduction-type reactions -- as used in a catalytic converter to eliminate or reduce various pollutants in exhausts). 3. The IOF has, at this time, excluded non-human agents, such as animals and other organisms (often referred to as biological agents).
Agent(x) ↔ (Person(x) ∨ GroupOfAgents(x) ∨ EngineeredSystem(x)) ∧ ∃r(AgentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
person, group of persons, or engineered system with an agent role
every instance of 'agent' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person', 'group of agents', or 'engineered system' when it 'has role' some 'agent role'
agent role
a person has an employee role when he/she acts on behalf of the business organization that employs them
Other types of agents we are not including at this stage are: 1. Those that are physical and chemical in nature: Cleaning, vulcanizing, fluxing, indicator, sterilizing, emulisifying, refining. 2. Organisms: animals, cells, parts of organisms (organs, organelles, viruses). 3. In computing: intelligent, artificial, mobile, & autonomous
1.The IOF has elected to exclude material substances that may, at times, act like or are often referred to as agents, in that they realize some specific function that some person desires (e.g., platinum is a reducing agent in various reduction-type reactions -- as used in a catalytic converter to eliminate or reduce various pollutants in exhausts). 2. The IOF has at this time excluded other types of non-human agents, such as animals and other organisms (often referred to as biological agents). 3. in case the 'material entity' is an engineered system or group of agents or person acting on behalf of oneself is also allowed
AgentRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃n∃m((MaterialEntity(m) ∧ ¬FiatObjectPart(x)) ∧ roleOf(x,m) ∧ (Person(n) ∨ GroupOfAgents(n) ∨ EngineeredSystem(n)) ∧ actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(m, n))
role that someone or something has when they act on behalf of a person, engineered system or a group of agents
This term is expected to remain primitive. While 'acting on behalf of at some time' captures the essence of being an agent, the realization of the agent role is expected to have too generic of a scope to define a sufficient condition that would not cause conflict (overlap) with the realization of other roles, which can in turn lead to reasoner errors when a specific entity bears multiple roles simoultaneously. Also, no further conditions specific to the role and not to the bearer of the role have been created thus far.
if x is an 'agent role' x then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' (that is not a 'fiat object part') when it 'acts on behalf of at some time' some 'person' or 'group of agents' or 'engineered system'
agreement
prenuptial agreement; memorandum of understanding; non-disclosure agreement; employment agreement; purchase order that has been confirmed by the seller by e-mail; handshake agreement to buy something in the State of Florida, which happens to be legally-binding in that juristiction provided certain evidence can be produced
FIBO https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FND/Agreements/Agreements, term by the same name
Agreement(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ hasContinuantPartAtAllTimes(x,o))
understanding between two or more parties that contains a set of commitments on the part of the parties
In addition to the general discussion provided for information content enty,there are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, patterns surrounding commitment and party need to be established
if x is an 'agreement' then x is an 'information content entity' that 'has continuant part at all times' some 'objective specification'
algorithm
pseudo code for sorting data, flowchart for automatic control of a process
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000064 and http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
1. to translate in this context means to implement the algorithm such that it is readily executable 2. algorithms in this context should be interpreted as implementation-independent (language-neutral) representations and are typically represented as pseudo-code or a flowchart 3. declarative steps should be interpreted in the context of declarative programming
InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y(EncodedAlgorithm(y) ∧ prescribes(x,y)) → Algorithm(x)
information content entity that prescribes procedural or declarative steps which can be translated to computer interpretable instructions
See the general discussion and rationale provided under information content entity.
If x is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'encoded algorithm' then x is an instance of 'algorithm'
assembly
powertrain assembly; partially-assembled powertrain + transmission assembly lying nearby; driveshaft assembly temporarily disassembled for repair or routine maintenance; separator assembly consisting of variously-shaped separator parts that safeguard wine bottles in a case of wine during transport; a material artifact produced entirely through additive manufacturing (provided it is a component somewhere, and can it can be disassembled without damage/destruction).
APICS 14 ed., 2013, term by the same name; DoD Standard Practice, Identification Marking of US Military Property (MIL-STD-130N Nov. 2012) https://dodprocurementtoolbox.com/cms/sites/default/files/resources/2016-03/MIL-Std130N_Ch1_4.pdf, term by the same name
a portion of material; a piece of glass; a rod of aluminum; a roll of aluminum; an engine block
Although the term is polysemous and used in a number of other domains beyond manufacturing, it is introduced here as a covering term for any man-made artifact that satisfies the conditions provided, and independent of modality. We expect various subclasses of assembly to be introduced in future along with more precise heuristics for the various modalities in which they exist.
LA1: Assembly(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃c∃c1(MaterialComponent(c) ∧ MaterialComponent(c1) ∧ componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c,x) ∧ componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c1,x) ∧ ¬(c=c1 ∨ (componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c,c1) ∨ componentPartOfAtAllTimes(c1,c))))
LA2: MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃p(AssemblyProcess(p) ∧ isSpecifiedOutputOf(x,p)) → Assembly(x)
material artifact that is composed of material components that are physically connected and that is capable of disassembly
There are insufficient constructs in the ontology to provide necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, 'disassembly capability' is missing.
LA1: if x is an 'assembly' then x is a 'material artifact' and there are at least two distinct 'material component' that are 'component part of at all times' x
LA2: Material Artifact x that 'is specified output of' some Assembly Process p implies x is an Assembly
Every assembly has a plurality of material components. While this is captured in the FOL, due to reasoning limitations with cardinality restrictions and complex properties, the OWL axiom uses 'some' instead of min 2. Hence, this class should be modeled as having at least two material components on the instance level.
assembly process
Driving a lug nut to hold the wheel of a car in place; welding two metal parts into a single object; automated drilling and riveting of a skin panel operation during fuselage assembly;
3D printing on an existing part (existing part + a pool of printing material -> new part) -- Note that the pool of material is an object before the process but becomes liquid (there is physical state change) during the "assembly" process.
AssemblyProcess(x) → ManufacturingProcess(x) ∧ ∃a∃c (Assembly(a) ∧ MaterialComponent(c) ∧ isInputOf(c,x) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(a,c) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,a))
manufacturing process in which a number of material components are physically connected to each other to form an assembly
More conditions (differentia) need to be agreed upon by the domain experts as processes like 3D printing can also produce an assembly.
if x is an 'assembly process' x then x is a 'manufacturing process' that 'has specified output' some 'assembly' which 'has component part at all times' some 'material component' that 'is input of' x
business function
Pfizer has the business function to produce medicines; Airbus has the business function of manufacturing planes
any function of a non-profit organization
LA1: BusinessFunction(x) → Function(x) ∧ ∃o∃i(Organization(o) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(i) ∧ functionOf(x,o) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(i,o) ∧ prescribedBy(x,i)) ∧ ∀y(hasRealization(x,y) → BusinessProcess(y))
LA2: Function(x) ∧ ∃o∃i∃p(Organization(o) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(i) ∧ BusinessProcess(p) ∧ functionOf(x,o) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(i,o) ∧ prescribedBy(x,i) ∧ hasRealization(x,p)) → BusinessFunction(x)
function of an organization to partake in for profit activities as prescribed by the objectives specified by that organization
As a function will come into its existance prior to its realization in given business processes necessary and sufficient conditions can not be created at this point due to a lack of patterns to express process types regardless of the time of their existence
LA1: if x is a 'business function' then x is a 'function' that is 'function of' some 'organization' and that is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' and whenever x 'has realization' y that y must be a 'business process'
LA2: if x is a 'function' that is 'function of' some 'organization' and that is 'prescribed by' some 'objective specification' and that 'has realization' some 'business process' then x is a 'business function'
business organization
Mercedes-Benz, Deloitte, Pfizer, Airbus
Business entities are formally organized according to the laws prevailing in the locales and countries in which it operates or conducts business, and include companies, corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships.
BusinessOrganization(x) ↔ Organization(x) ∧ ∃f(BusinessFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f))
organization engaging in or planning to engage in any activity of buying and selling goods or services for a profit
every instance of a business organization' is defined as exactly an instance of 'organization' that 'has function' some 'business function'
business process
product production process; manufacturing enterprise process; finance operation; logistics operation.
This definition leaves open the possibility that the business entity that carries the plan that prescribes the process, has no direct participation in the process, which would imply that some 3rd-party agent is playing a causal role as the process unfolds, and is acting on behalf of the Business Entity's interests.
BusinessProcess (p) → PlannedProcess(p) ∧ ∃o∃b∃s∃y (ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ BusinessOrganization(b) ∧ PlanSpecification(s) ∧ isCarrierOfAtSomeTime(b,o) ∧ continuantPartofAtAllTimes(o,s) ∧ Agent(y) ∧ actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(y,b) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,x))
planned process which is prescribed by a plan specification with one or more objectives specified by a business organization
More conditions (differentia) need to be agreed upon by the domain experts.
if x is a 'business process' then x is a 'planned process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'agent' that 'acts on behalf of at some time' a 'business organization' that 'is carrier of at some time' some 'objective specification' that is 'continuant part of at all times' a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' x
buyer
Pfizer when it buys a bulk of chemicals from MiliporeSigma; a person is when they buy groceries at the supermarket; a manufacturing enterprise when they hire an external organization to do some manufacturing process (manufacturing as a service); a person when they hire someone to repair a broken pipe
See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
Buyer(x) ↔ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x) ∧ ∃r(BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
person or organization which has a buyer role
every instance of 'buyer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'buyer role'
buyer role
Pfizer has a buyer role when it buys a bulk of chemicals from MiliporeSigma; a person has a buyer role when they buy groceries at the supermarket; a manufacturing enterprise has a buyer role when they hire an external organization to do some manufacturing process (manufacturing as a service); a person has a buyer role when they hire someone to repair a broken pipe
BuyerRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p ((Organization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
agent role held by a person or organization when it buys a product or a service
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for economic transactions and ownership are lacking
if x is a 'buyer role' x then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'person' or 'organization' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'buying business process'
buying business process
GM buys tires from Good Year to be assembled into its cars; GE Conglomerate (buyer) buys steels for uses in productions by its GE aviation subsidiary (customer) and GE Transportation subsidiary (customer)
CCO:http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/ActOfBuying NL definition: OAGIS and CCO
1.The agent who uses the finiancial instrument may not own the financial instrument and hence agent may not be the paying agent. 2. It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
BuyingBusinessProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃y∃z((MaterialProduct(y) ∨ CommercialServiceAgreement(y)) ∧ Buyer(z) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTIme(x,y) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,z))
business process wherein a financial instrument is used by an agent (buyer) to acquire ownership of a product or commercial service from another agent (seller) for the buyer itself or for another agent (customer)
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, ownership and economic transactions require formalization.
if x is a 'buying business process' then x is a 'business process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'buyer' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' or 'commercial service agreement'
capability
Capability of a person to play chess at the "master" level; of a team to play football in the professional league; of a lathe to turn at maximal speed of 4,000 RPM; or of your digestive system to digest tiramisu.
1. Whereas the BFO term 'disposition refers to all tendencies, powers, habits, skills, potentials, and so forth, that a material entity may possess, a Capability narrows this down by requiring the existence of an Agent that has an interest in the realization of the capability 2. This definition does not attempt to capture "task-based" capabilities that an entity may bear -- e.g., a stone's capability to kill when used by some person. Rather, it captures "proper capabilities." See related discussion of "proper functions" in the literature. 3. All functions are capabilities and in a future release BFO:Function will be asserted directly under capability. 4. Not all capabilities are functions. Capabilities are often added to an artifact by the designer/engineer, or to a biological entity through evolution, as "additional benefits," and are differentiated from function (i.e., purpose). Examples: the air conditioner in your car is a capability but not the function of your car. Yet the function of the car air conditioner certainly forms some material basis of your car's ability to provide a comfortable experience. The ability of your heart to beat fast to support your need to run fast to escape a threat. The decaying stick on the forest lawn does not have the function to be used as a tool, but certainly a chimpanzee may have an interest in using a stick to extract food from a termite mound.
disposition in whose realization some agent has an interest
This concept will be further developed and formalized in a future release of BFO.
if x is a 'capability' then x is a 'disposition'
ability
classifier
UNSPSC code 26101507 classifies turboshaft engine, pBR322 classifies a plasmid
serial number of a product, lot number of a lot
Classifier(x) ↔ Denoter(x) ∧ ∃e(classifies(x, e))
denoter that classifies some entity
every instance of ‘classifier’ is defined exactly as an ‘information content entity’ that ‘classifies’ some entity
commercial service
Lufthansa Aviation Services maintains airplanes for United Airlines when the plane stops at Frankfurt International Airport.
1. A consumption process means using or benefiting. 2.Typically, the service provisioning process and consumption process coincide temporally which is different from a material product that is consumed (used) only after supplied.
Commercialervice(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃p∃y∃a∃s(CommercialServiceSpecification(p) ∧ ServiceProvider(y) ∧ CommercialServiceAgreement(s) ∧ SupplyingBusinessProcess(a) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,a) ∧ prescribedBy(x,p) ∧ isSubjectOf(x,s))
business process that consists of a service provisioning process and a consumption process
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, service consumption needs to be formalized.
if x is a 'commercial service' then x is a 'business process' that is 'prescribed by' some 'commercial service specification' and that 'has participant at some time' some 'service provider' 'and x 'has occurent part' some 'supplying business process' and x 'is subject of' some 'commercial service agreement'
commercial service agreement
a cellphone plan, a maintenance service agreement, equipment lease agreement that includes a maintenance plan
https://schema.org/, http://www.heppnetz.de/projects/goodrelations/ and http://dini-ag-kim.github.io/service-ontology/service.html
a blanket purchase order, commodity contract
Agreement(x) ∧ ∃c∃y∃z(CommercialService(c) ∧ ServiceProviderRole(y) ∧ CustomerRole(z) ∧ isAbout(x,c) ∧ prescribes(x,y) ∧ prescribes(x,z)) → CommercialServiceAgreement(x)
agreement between a customer and service provider that is about some commercial service to be provided by the service provider in exchange for compensation from the customer
See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.
If x is an 'agreement' that 'is about' some 'commercial service' and that 'prescribes' some 'customer role' and some 'service provider role' then x is a 'commercial service agreement'
commercial service specification
protocol on how maintenance will be conducted on airplanes that is a part of the agreement between Frankfurt Airport and various airlines
PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(CommercialService(c) ∧ prescribes(x,c)) → CommercialServiceSpecification(x)
plan specification that prescribes a commercial service
if x is a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' some 'commercial service' then x is a 'commercial service specification'
computing process
execution of a neural network implemented in tensorflow to classify a set of images on a specific cluster; running of the MPC algorithm to control pressure during the production process
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing) and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computing)
1. The inputs and specified outputs of 'computing process' are strictly limited to information content entities. 2. While it is true that algorithms can result in an action by an agent that concretizes it (e.g. controller changes the pressure of a valve), the intermediate step is still an information content entity (e.g. action specification) that is 'concretized' in a separate process that results in the action.
ComputingProcess(x) → ∀y((hasInput(x,y) ∨ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,y)) → InformationContentEntity(y))
ComputingProcess(x) ↔ PlannedProcess(x) ∧ ∃y∃a(Agent(y) ∧ (Algorithm(a) ∨ EncodedAlgorithm(a)) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTIme(x,y) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime(a,y) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime(x,a) ∧ (∃o(ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(o,a) ∧ achievesAtSomeTIme(x,o)) ∨ ∃i(InformationContentEntity(i) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,i))))
planned process in which an algorithm or an encoded algorithm is realized by an agent
if x is a 'computing process' then whenever x 'has input' or 'has specified output' y that y must be an 'information content entity'
every instance of 'computing process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'planned process' that 'concretizes at some time' an 'encoded algorithm' or 'algorithm' y which 'generically depends on at some time' some 'agent' which 'participates in at some time' the 'computing process' and the 'computing process' either 'achieves at some time' some 'objective specification' that is 'continuant part of at all times y or it 'has specified output' some 'information content entity'
consumable
Deionized water used as a suspension medium in PVC polymerization and partially lost through evaporation; Sterile filter used for media sterilization and discarded after use; Coolant/antifreeze used as a heat-transfer fluid in cooling system maintenance and replaced during servicing; Cleaning solvent used as a cleaning agent in equipment cleaning and disposed after use; Packing tape used as a sealing material in case sealing and incorporated into the sealed package; Dry ice used as a refrigerant medium in cold-chain shipping and sublimed during transport
Consumable(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(ConsumableRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x, r))
material entity which has the consumable role
every instance of 'consumable' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'consumable role'
consumable role
Deionized water in the role of a consumable in PVC polymerization as a suspension medium; Sterile filter in the role of a consumable in media sterilization; Coolant/antifreeze in the role of a consumable in cooling system maintenance as a heat-transfer fluid; Cleaning solvent in the role of a consumable in equipment cleaning as a cleaning agent; Packing tape in the role of a consumable in case sealing as a sealing material; Dry ice in the role of a consumable in cold-chain shipping as a refrigerant medium
'Used up' (consumed) in this context means that either a) the material entity no longer exist at the end of the process or b) the material entity has reduced or lost capability as a result of the process.
ConsumableRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∀y(hasRealization(x,y) → PlannedProcess(y)) ∧ (∃a(roleOf(x,a) ∧ MaterialEntity(a) ∧ (∃f(hasCapability(a,f) ∧ Capability(f) ∧ ∃p(hasRealization(f,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))) ∨ ∃p(isInputOf(a,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p)))) ∨ ∃a(roleOf(x,a) ∧ MaterialEntity(a) ∧ ∃b(prescribedBy(a,b) ∧ InputSpecification(b))))
role held by a material entity when it is planned to be, or is partially or fully used up in a planned process
There are insufficient constructs to define necessary and sufficient conditions. Specifically constructs that fully model capability loss or degradation are missing.
if x is a 'consumable role' then x is a 'role' that 'has realization' only 'planned process' and x is a 'role of' either a 'material entity' that is 'prescribed by' some 'input specification', or a 'material entity' that 'is input of' some 'planned process', or a 'material entity' that 'has capability' some 'capability' that 'has realization' in some 'planned process'
customer
GE aviation subsidiary and GE Transportation subsidiary when they utilize the steel bought for them by the GE Conglomerate; a person when they utilize a lap top that they bought from Target; a person when they subscribe for a phone plan
Customer(x) ↔ (Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r(CustomerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
person or organization which has a customer role
every instance of 'customer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'customer role'
customer role
GE aviation subsidiary and GE Transportation subsidiary have the customer role when they utilize the steel bought for them by the GE Conglomerate; a person has a customer role when they utilize a lap top that they bought from Target; a person has a customer role when they subscribe for a phone plan
CustomerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y((Person(y) ∨ Organization(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
agent role held by a person or organization when it utilizes the product or receives the service or subscribes to the commercial service agreement
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'utilizing the product' and 'subscribing to an agreement' need to be formalized.
if x is a 'customer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' a 'person' or 'organization'
denoter
'vehicle identification number' denotes a vehicle; 'ethanol' is a name given by IUPAC which denotes molecules with the structure CH3-CH2-OH; 50-99-7 is a CAS registry number that denotes glucose; the lot identifier assigned to a batch of rivets just received from China by the Airbus final assembly plant in Toulouse, FR; URI of a website
A denoter is an information content entity used to distinguish an entity in a particular context. The relation denotes does not require uniqueness at either the individual level or the type level. More specific subclasses, such as identifier and classifier, should be used where stronger forms of distinction are needed. Identifier is used for individual-level uniqueness. Classifier is used for type-level uniqueness.
Denoter(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ denotes(x,e))
information content entity that denotes some entity
every instance of 'denoter' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'denotes' some 'entity'
descriptive information content entity
a description of a product in a product catalogue, the wheelbase of this car is 3m, digital copy of a Mona Lisa drawing
descriptive ICE
This class is intended to be a defined class used for axiomatization and assertion convenience. It is not expected nor recommended that entities will be asserted as a subclass of this class.
DescriptiveInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ describes(x,e))
information content entity that characterizes (gives a description of) an entity
every instance of 'descriptive information content entity ' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'describes' some 'entity'
design specification
document specifying the characteristics of a pharmaceutical product; the design of a software program to schedule the work orders in a factory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design and from http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology, term under the name 'artifact design'
1. Design specification may be a model or a textual or graphical specification. 2. This class is not intended to be used to represent the design of planned processes. For this purpose, plan specification should be used. 3. Something 'man-made' comprehends those physical and non-physical things that are intentionally created by human beings. Hence the thing specified by a design specification may be either BFO:GDC or BFO:Material Entity. 4. A design specification specifies what the thing should be, such as its shape, size, tolerance, and performance but not necessarily how the thing should be made. If it contains information on how a thing should be made, this should be modeled separately through a 'plan specification' that is 'part of' the design specification 5. Typically, a design specification satisfies a set of requirements
LA1: DesignSpecification(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∀c (prescribes(x,c) → Continuant(c))
LA2: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃c∃r(Continuant(c) ∧ RequirementSpecification(r) ∧ satisfiesRequirement(x,r) ∧ prescribes(x,c)) ∧ ∀c1(prescribes(x,c1) → Continuant(c1)) → DesignSpecification(x)
information content entity that prescribes something man-made
LA1: if d is a 'design specification' then d is an 'information content entity' and whenever d 'prescribes' y that y must be a 'continuant'
LA2: if d is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'continuant' and that 'satisfies requirement' some 'requirement specification' and if all y that d 'presribes' are instance of 'continuant' then d is a 'design specification'
designative information content entity
uri of a website, social security number of a person, lot number of a batch of products, a serial number on a machine, a credit card number, a combination of data in a database table uniquely identify each record in the table
designative ICE
1. This class is intended to be a defined class used for axiomatization and assertion convenience. It is not expected nor recommended that entities will be asserted as a subclass of this class. 2. Since the relation 'designates' is defined as a functional property, uniqueness is enforced in the term's formalization.
DesignativeInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ designates(x,e))
information content entity that uniquely identifies an entity
every instance of 'designative information content entity' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'designates' some 'entity'
designed function
the function of a oil pump to pump oil, the function of a knife to cut things
ArtifactFunction(x) ↔ Function(x) ∧ ∃d(DesignSpecification(m)∧ prescribedBy(x,d))
function that is intentionally designed
every instance of 'designed function' is exactly an instance of 'function' that is 'prescribed by' some 'design specification'
directive information content entity
blueprint of a building, process plan, software functional requirement
directive ICE
DirectiveInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ prescribes(x,e))
information content entity that prescribes a set of rules or guidelines for a process or a model of something man-made
every instance of 'directive information content entity' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'entity'
encoded algorithm
source code encoded in Java that implements a sorting algorithm; Python script that implements a decision tree and that has the objective to classify melt pool images
Readily executable means that it can be 1) concretized by a computing process which is prescribed by the encoded algorithm or 2) in case of source code concretized by a compiling process
PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃y(ComputingProcess(y) ∧ prescribes(x,y)) → EncodedAlgorithm(x)
plan specification that is the implementation of an algorithm encoded in a specific programming language or framework and that is readily executable
In addition to the general discussion provided for information content enty,there are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely constructs for 'encoded in', 'implementation of' and 'programming language' or 'framework' as well as 'compiling process' are still missing.
If x is a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' some 'computing process' then x is an instance of 'encoded algorithm'
engineered system
machine, laptop, traffic light system
EngineeredSystem(x) ↔ System(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))
system that is deliberately created to have a certain function
every instance of 'engineered system' is defined as exactly an instance of 'system' that is the 'bearer of' some 'designed function'
equipment role
role of a wrench when it is used in the maintenance process of a car; role of a chromatography column that is planned to be used in a protein purification process; role of a truck that is used to transport goods to the buyer; role of a single-use bioreactor when it is planned to be used in the upstream phase of a biomanufacturing process
adapted from Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘equipment’
1. By including in the definition that the material artifact or engineered system is not consumed in the process, the equipment role intentionally excludes entities such as consumables and reagents, which should be modeled separately. 2. In the definition, "utilized for carrying out" implies that the function of the given material artifact or the engineered system needs to be realized in the process. That is, entities with the equipment role should not passively participate in the prescribed process. This differentiates 'material entities with the equipment role' (a piece of equipment) from material entities that are acted upon (transformed or modified) in the given process.
LA1: EquipmentRole(x) → ∀y (hasRealization(x,y) → (PlannedProcess(y) ∧ ∃f (Function(f) ∧ realizes(y,f) ∧ ∃z ((EngineeredSystem(z) ∨ MaterialArtifact(z)) ∧ functionOf(f,z)))))
LA2: EquipmentRole(x) → ∀y (roleOf(x,y) → (EngineeredSystem(y) ∨ MaterialArtifact(y)))
LA3: EquipmentRole(x) → ∃y ( roleOf(x,y) ∧ (EngineeredSystem(y) ∨ MaterialArtifact(y)) ∧ ∃z ( prescribedBy(y,z) ∧ ( PlanSpecification(z) ∨ ∃p ( PlanSpecification(p) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(z,p) ) ) ) )
role held by a material artifact or an engineered system when it is planned to be involved in or is involved in carrying out some part of a planned process and that is not consumed in that planned process
There are insufficient constructs to define necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, patterns for utilized in carrying out and not consumed need to be developed further.
LA1: if x is an ‘equipment role’ then whenever x ‘has realization’ y, y is a ‘planned process’ that ‘realizes’ some ‘function’ that is ‘function of’ some ‘engineered system’ or ‘material artifact’
LA2: if x is an ‘equipment role’ then whenever x ‘role of’ y, y must be an ‘engineered system’ or a ‘material artifact’
LA3: if x is an ‘equipment role’ then x is ‘role of’ some y such that y is an ‘engineered system’ or a ‘material artifact’, and y is ‘prescribed by’ some entity that is either a ‘plan specification’ or something that is ‘continuant part of at all times’ some ‘plan specification’
a machine failure event, the amount of cells in a bioreactor reaches a certain threshold
an event in discrete event simulation is too generic and that notion of event is just BFO:Occurrent
Event(x) → (Process(x) ∨ ProcessBoundary(x)) ∧ ∃y(Agent(y) ∧ recognizedByAtSomeTime(x,y))
phenomena (process or process boundary) that is recognized by an agent and typically recorded
More conditions (differentia) need to be agreed upon by the domain experts as not all occurrents recognized by an agent are events.
if x is an 'event' then x is a 'process' or 'process boundary' and there is some 'agent' that 'recognizes at some time' x
gain of role
the process of gaining an operator role when someone is assigned in that position
1. If only one date-time is available for some gain of role processes due to lack of data or an interval being smaller than the tick time (the smallest duration by which the time progresses) then the date-time should be asserted either only for first instant or only for last instant of every interval, for which a gain of role process occurs, uniformly for the entire knowledge base. For example, Barack Obama gained the role of presidency on 20 January 2009 should be modeled as the process p of type ‘gain of role’ ‘occupies temporal region’ r (a ‘temporal interval’) which ‘has last instant’ i (a ‘temporal instant’) which ‘has value expression at all times’ v (a ‘temporal instant value expression’) which ‘has data-time value’ 2009-01-20T00:00:00Z.
GainOfRole(p) ↔ Process(p) ∧ ∃t∃t1∃r∃y(TemporalInterval(t) ∧ TemporalInterval(t1) ∧ Role(r)∧ (IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(p,t) ∧ (temporallyOverlaps(t,t1) ∨ temporallyStarts(t,t1) ∨ meets(t,t1)) ∧ hasOutput(p,r) ∧ existsAt(r,t1) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ hasParticipantAtAllTimes(p,y) ∧ ∀t2(TemporalRegion(t2) ∧ existsAt(r,t2) → (occurrentPartOf(t2,t1) ∨ t2 = t1)))
process in which someone or something (independent continuant that is not a spatial region) becomes the bearer of a role
every instance of ‘gain of role’ is defined exactly as an instance of a ‘process’ p that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal interval' t that ‘temporally starts’ or ‘temporally overlaps’ or 'meets' some 'temporal interval' t1, and p ‘has participant at all times’ some 'independent continuant' that is not a 'spatial region' y and p ‘has output’ some ‘role’ r that only ‘exists at’ t1 and y 'has role' r
group of agents
organization; an automated manufacturing cell; division; protesters
1. Group of agents being a BFO:Object Aggregate allows for a point in time where only one 'agent' is present. 2. As the name suggests, a group of agents is a grouping of agents based on some criteria. As such, it can only have agents as members. 3. The members of the group of agents can be any combination of persons, organizations, or engineered systems (classes that can be 'agent'). They are typically grouped based on the fact that they are working collectively in a particular type of process on behalf of someone.
GroupOfAgents(x) ↔ ObjectAggregate(x) ∧ ∃y(Agent(y) ∧ hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x, y)) ∧ ∀z (hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x, z) → Agent(z))
group (object aggregate) that has one or more agents as members
every instance of 'group of agents is defined as exactly an instance of 'object aggregate' that only has 'agent' as 'member parts' and that always has at least one 'agent as its 'member part'
group of persons
The band, called The Beatles, survived the change in drummer from Pete Best to Ringo Starr
GroupOfPersons(x) ↔ ObjectAggregate(x) ∧ ∃y(Person(y) ∧ hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x, y)) ∧ ∀z(hasMemberPartAtSomelTime(x, z) → Person(z))
group (object aggregate) that has one or more persons as members
every instance of 'group of persons' is defined as exactly an instance of 'object aggregate' that 'has member part at some time' some 'person' and 'has member part at some time' only 'person'
identifier
URI of a website; social security number of a person (living in the United States), a global location number assigned to the Amazon regional distribution center at 12300 Bermuda Rd in Henderson, NV; the lot identifier assigned to a batch of rivets just received from China by the Airbus final assembly plant in Toulouse, FR; the VIN number assigned to the Tesla in my garage; a credit card number, the value of a field in a company's internal IT systems system used to uniquely identify a particular product and product revision.
1. Identifier can be just one designative ICE or consist of a combination of them. It can also be a combination of other types of information; for example, in a particular domain of discourse, a combination of first name and last name can provide sufficient uniqueness for entities in that domain. 2. The designative property enforces uniqueness as it is a functional property. In other words, on the instance level, each instance of identifier designates exactly one instance of an entity.
Identifier(x) → Denoter(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ designates(x,e))
denoter that is used to uniquely identify an entity within a particular context
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely patterns to connect context to the identifier are still missing
if x is an 'identifier' then x is an 'denoter' that 'designates' some 'entity'
information content entity
the content of an email; the content of a document; the content in a CAD file; an algorithm for solving the quadratic equation; a guide or standard for writing and formatting conference papers.
Information Artifact Ontology, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 and also the Common Core Ontology, http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology
1. Information content entity is intended to be a class of entities whose instances represent some distinct content or pattern independent from the various ways of conveying it by physical, electronic, or other means. For example, three instances of information bearers -- a bar chart, a color-coded map, and a written report -- each conveying the GDP of Countries for the year 2010, are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of information content entity leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the entity they are about rather than attributes such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as various qualities of the material entities that have them. 2. Information content entities are typically textual or schematic.
GenericallyDependentContinuant(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ isAbout(x,e)) → InformationContentEntity(x)
content or a pattern (generically dependent continuant) that is about some entity
Information content entities may well "be about" entity types for which no instances ever come into existence (e.g., a plan or requirement not implemented or satisfied, a command or directive never obeyed or followed, or an objective never achieved). IOF's current approach to modeling such informational entity types is to provide one or more sufficient conditions that can be readily expressed in OWL.
if x is a 'generically dependent continuant' that 'is about' some 'entity' then x is an 'information content entity'
Information
input specification
A specification indicating that the cell culture media used in the expansion procedure must contain glutamine at ≥ 2 mM and be supplemented with a validated serum lot; A formulation recipe operation with an input specification stating that the stabilizing excipient must be Trehalose Dihydrate, USP grade, and present in sufficient quantity to reach 50 mM final concentration; A specification for a cell imaging protocol requiring input slides to contain at least 90% confluency before proceeding with high-content imaging; A maintenance work instruction with an input specification requiring the replacement filter cartridge used in the filter replacement operation to be the specified model and micron rating; A specification for a batch calculation step requiring the input sensor readings to be time-stamped and include units for each measured quantity; A specification stating that a freight shipment must be palletized on standard pallets and secured for transport before loading.
Machine must be powered on before starting the procedure; The system must be depressurized and isolated before maintenance begins; The workspace must be cleaned and cleared of tools before starting the task; The room temperature must be between 18 °C and 22 °C before initiating the process
InputSpecification(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∀y(prescribes(x,y) → ((Continuant(y) ∧ ∃p(isInputOf(y,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))) ∨ (SpecificallyDependentContinuant(y) ∧ ∃z(specificallyDependsOn(y,z) ∧ Continuant(z) ∧∃p (isInputOf(z,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))))))
information content entity that prescribes the entities to be used as inputs to a planned process or the attributes they must posses to serve as valid inputs
if x is an 'input specification' then x is an 'information content entity' and whenever x 'prescribes' some y that y mustbe either a 'continuant' that 'is input of' some 'planned process' or a 'specifically dependent continuant' that 'specifically depends on' some 'continuant' that 'is input of' some 'planned process'
loss of role
the process of losing a student role when a student graduates
1. If only one date-time is available for some loss of role processes due to lack of data or an interval being smaller than the tick time (the smallest duration by which the time progresses) then the date-time should be asserted either only for first instant or only for last instant of every interval, for which a loss of role process occurs, uniformly for the entire knowledge base. For example, Bill Clinton lost the role of presidency on 19 December 1998 should be modeled as the process p of type ‘loss of role’ ‘occupies temporal region’ r (a ‘temporal interval’) which ‘has first instant’ i (a ‘temporal instant’) which ‘has value expression at all times’ v (a ‘temporal instant value expression’) which ‘has data-time value’ 1998-12-19T00:00:00Z.
LossOfRole(p) ↔ Process(p) ∧ ∃t∃t1∃r∃y(TemporalInterval(t) ∧ TemporalInterval(t1) ∧ Role(r) ∧ (IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(p,t) ∧ (isTemporallyOverlappedBy(t,t1) ∨ temporallyFinishes(t,t1) ∨ metBy(t,t1)) ∧ hasInput(p,r) ∧ existsAt(r,t1) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ hasParticipantAtAllTimes(p,y) ∧ ∀t2(TemporalRegion(t2) ∧ existsAt(r,t2) → (occurrentPartOf(t2,t1) ∨ t2 = t1)))
process in which someone or something (independent continuant that is not a spatial region) ceases to be the bearer of a role
every instance of ‘loss of role’ is defined exactly as an instance of a ‘process’ p that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal interval' t that ‘temporally finishes’ or 'is temporally overlapped by’ or is 'met by' some 'temporal interval' t1 and p ‘has participant at all times’ some 'independent continuant' that is not a 'spatial region' y, and p ‘has input’ some ‘role’ r that only ‘exists at’ t1 and y 'has role' r
maintainable material item
CNC machine on which routine maintenance is performed
MaintainableMaterialItem(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∨ EngineeredSystem(x)) ∧ ∃r (MaintainableMaterialItemRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
material artifact or engineered system which has the maintainable material item role
every instance of 'maintainable material item' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material artifact' or an 'engineered system' which 'has role' some 'maintainable material item role'
maintainable material item role
a CNC machine has the maintainable material item role when it is undergoing repair after a failure
MaintainableMaterialItemRole(x) → Role(x)
role played by an asset (engineered system or material artifact) when there is a maintenance strategy prescribing its maintenance process
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'maintenance strategy' and 'maintenance process' need to be formalized.
if x is a 'maintainable material item' then x is a 'role'
manufacturer
MiliporeSigma is a manufacturer of single-use bioreactors; Boeing is a manufacturer of airplanes; dell is a manufacturer of lap-tops
Manufacturer(x) ↔ Organization(x) ∧ ∃r(ManufacturerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
organization which has a manufacturer role
every instance of 'manufacturer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'organization' that 'has role' some 'manufacturer role'
manufacturer role
MiliporeSigma has a manufacturer role when it produces single-use bioreactors; Boeing has a manufacturer role when it produces airplanes; Dell has a manufacturer role when it produces lap-tops
ManufacturerRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p(Organization(y) ∧ ProductProductionProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
agent role held by an organization when it produces material products
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for linking the manufacturer to a product it produces are still lacking.
if x is a 'manufacturer role' x then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'organization' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'product production process'
manufacturing process
Drilling a hole on an engine block; manufacturing operation for making a shaft consisting of milling, turning, and drilling manufacturing processes; assembly process, and quality control process; a manufacturing process that uses 3D printing to create the output material entity.
statistical process control and preventative maintenance management processes that maximize machine availability and the product quality of manufactured products.
1. This definition presupposes that the outputs of a manufacturing process are in every case material artifacts or man-made substances. 2. Processes that have as their primary output, something immaterial or informational in nature (digital outputs), such as found in the production of software, will be considered speparately at a later stage. 3.. There are other processes that while they may come into direct contact with a manufactured component or substance and are often considered part of the overall set of activities planned and executed to manufacture something, they are not "transformative" in nature relative to that which is manufactured, and are specifically excluded the definition. Examples include setup, tear down, transporting components or materials between locations, inspection, and so forth. This is addressed by output in the axiom. Setup => does not have output. Tear down like disassembly should still be considered transformative. 4. This definition places no additional restrictions on the output of a manufacturing process in terms of being in a state of completion (completed component or finished good).
ManufacturingProcess(x) → PlannedProcess(x) ∧ ∃m∃y∃p∃z(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ (MaterialArtifact(y) ∨ ∃d(MaterialEntity(y) ∧ DesignSpecification(d) ∧ prescribes(d,y))) ∧ PlanSpecification(p) ∧ prescribes(p,x) ∧ Agent(z) ∧ isCarrierOfAtSomeTime(z,p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(z,x) ∧ isInputOf(m,x) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,y))
planned process that consists of a structured set of operations through which input material is transformed or modified
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'being transformed or modified' need to be formalized
if x is a 'manufacturing process' x then x is a 'planned process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has specified output' some 'material artifact' or a 'material entity' that is 'prescribes by' some 'design specification' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'agent' that is the 'carrier of at some time' a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' x
material artifact
a machine, a screwdriver, a screw, a sheet of paper
MaterialArtifact(x) ↔ Object(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))
object that is deliberately created to have a certain function
every instance of 'material artifact' is defined as exactly an instance of 'object' that is the 'bearer of' some 'designed function'
material component
portion of water; portion of crude oil; sea shells; bolt; transmission assembly;engine in an airplane
Braking subsystem -- systems and subsystems are object aggregates and often have fiat boundaries, in which case they may be incorrectly inferred as product components. Othertimes, they are systems with bonafide boundaries and should be inferred as a product component.
1. Assemblies that are components for one manufacturer may be final products for another (e.g., the selling of diesel engines is a primary product line of Cummins diesel engine yet a component assembly for its customers, Freightliner Trucks). In other words, the context in which a material entity is used must be considered to determine whether it bears the component role. 2. In most manufacturing use cases, material components will be a subclass of 'material artifact'. 3. See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
MaterialComponent(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(MaterialComponentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
material entity which has the material component role
every instance of 'material component' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'material component role'
part
material component role
an engine has the component role when it is a part of a car; a tool when it is planned to be mounted on a CNC machine
role held by a material entity when it is a proper part of another material entity or is planned to be a proper part of another material entity
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for 'planned to be a part' need to be formalized. Also, the realization of the material component role needs to be analyzed further.
If x is a 'material component role' then x is a 'role'
material location change process
Shipping goods from a warehouse to a customer; moving a tool from one location (work center) to another within the factory; transporting finished goods from one warehouse to another; pumping portions of crude oil through a pipeline; transferring a load of apples from a bin to a container; picking an apple; transporting passengers on a bus;
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/EventOntology and https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/motion
A specific type of material handling: E.g., changing only the orientation of the object within the same site (this does not change the site from t to t'); throwing waste into a garbage bin; removing a wing nut from a fixture in preparation for inserting a workpiece into the fixture.
1. Material transfer process includes both the internal (e.g., inside a factory) and external (e.g., between factories) movement of an object 2. BFO:Site is the synonym for physical location which is why Site is used in the axioms
MaterialLocationChangeProcess(​x​) → PlannedProcess(​x)​ ∧ ​∃​y∃​​t∃​​t​1∃​​t2∃​s∃​s1∃​z∃​z1(MaterialEntity(​y​) ∧ TemporalInstant(t) ∧ TemporalInstant(t1) ∧ TemporalRegion(t2) ∧ IndependentContinuant(s) ∧ IndependentContinuant(s1) ∧ Site(z) ∧ Site(z1) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y) ∧ firstInstantOf(​t​, ​t2) ∧ lastInstantOf(​t1​, ​t2​) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​x,​t2)​ ∧ existsAt(s,t) ∧ existsAt(s1,t1) ∧ locatedInAtalltimes(s,z) ∧ locatedInAtAlltimes(s1,z1) ∧ locationOfAtAlltimes(s,y) ∧ locationOfAtAllTimes(s1,y))
planned process that results in a material entity moving from one physical location to another
Patterns for adequate reification of the n-ary pattern that is change of location need further refinement and testing.
if x is a 'material location change process' then x is a 'planned process' in which a 'material entity' is moved from one 'site' to another
material product
1. Natural resources: the seashells lying on the beach that some person collects, packages and sells; the iron ore in a mountain the rights to which some mining company has just purchased which they intend to mine and sell to iron-making processors; 2. Any manufactured good when it is offered for sale, supplied or being bought
certified pre-owned warranty plan; software as a service (SaaS); training course; consultancy services; Office 365
1. The definition does exclude services sold as product which deviates from some standard definitions and economic theory. Services as products as well as software products will be considered in the next version of the IOF Core 2. See expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
MaterialProduct(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
material entity which has the material product role
every instance of 'material product' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that is the 'has role' some 'material product role'
material product role
a manufactured good has a material product role when a manufacturer offers it for sale; a drug product has a material product role when it is bought by a customer in a pharmacy; sea shells have a material product role when they are collected, packaged and offered for sale;
Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘product’; also Wikipedia, term by the name ‘goods’ (as used in economics) and in particular, tangible goods
MaterialProductRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃z((BuyingBusinessProcess(y) ∨ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(y) ∨ SupplyingBusinessProcess(y)) ∧ MaterialEntity(z) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(z,y) ∧ roleOf(x,z))
role held by a material entity that is intended to be sold, or has been bought, or has been supplied
if x is a 'material product role' x then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'buying business process' or 'offering for sale business process' or 'supplying business process'
material resource
factory available to be used for producing a product; a body of water available to cool a reactor; money available to a person to buy an item; a portion of raw material available to produce a good or service
(ambiguous/undesirable): a portion of water on my factory floor that formed after a recent rainshower.
1. This defined class is designed to group material entities according to a very broad criterion and is not intended to be used as a parent class for resource types that can be more specifically asserted under another class. 2. Skills and capabilities or other entities in the SDC branch are not resources but they can be considered resources indirectly through their bearer 3. See expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
MaterialResource(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(MaterialResourceRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
material entity which has the material resource role
every instance of 'material resource' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'material resource role'
material resource role
factory has a material resource role when it is available to be used for producing a product; a body of water has a material resource role when it is available to cool a reactor; money has a material resource role when it is available to a person to buy an item; a portion of raw material has a material resource role when it is available to produce a good or service
MaterialResourceRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃a∃y((Person(a) ∨ GroupOfAgents(a) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y)) ∧ MaterialEntity(y) ∧ isAvailableToAtSomeTime(y,a) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
role played by a material entity that consists in it being available to a person or group of agents or engineered system
This term is expected to remain primitive. While 'is available to at some time' captures the essence of being a material resource, the realization of the material resource role is expected to have too generic of a scope to define a sufficient condition that would not cause conflict (overlap) with the realization of other roles.
if x is a 'material resource role' x then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' when it 'is available to at some time' some 'person' or 'group of agents' or 'engineered system'
material state
the lightswitch in the off state from 9 PM to 8 AM; the machine in fail state from 4 PM to 5 PM; perfusion bioreactor was run in steady state for two days, a truck is in a stop state because its position has been unchanged
Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘state’
1. Although the notion of "particular condition"; has not been introduced in this release, the IOF's approach will be to model this as a dependent entity such that at any timeframe during which it exists, it depends on some material entity -- meaning a material state will necessarily "be focused on" a particular condition of some material entity for which the state is ascribed. Condition here would encompass BFO: specifically-dependent continuants (qualities, dispositions and other realizable entities types) as well as site (the absolute or relative location of a material entity). In the future, the coverage will be expanded to include some currently "missing dependent entity types"; including orientation, and cases wherein a material entity is in a particular condition because it has or is in particular composition or configuration (e.g. the setup action of a machine and jig is complete and it is not in a setup/ready-for-run state). 2. Unchanging, is intended to encompass not just having a particular condition for the duration of the state, but potentially being value-bound to some constant or even within a given range as prescribed by some design or requirement specification. Specialized sub-types may be introduced to handle such value-based constant and range-bound states and conditions. 3. The term as introduced here is not intended to be used for modeling what we might call the "state of a process" (e.g., equilibrium state for chemical, physical and biological processes or steady-state or discrete or continuous production processes), nor for modeling the states of non-real entities (e.g., virtual entities participating in virtual simulation program and any other informational or abstract entities, when they are considered to be in a particular condition). Extensions to the BFO framework as well as further work on 'process characteristic' may be first needed to handle these use cases and such specialized state classes will be introduced in a future release.
process in which a material entity that participates in the process has a condition that remains unchanged
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs to formalize range,limits and constant values over a period of time are still lacking.
if x is a 'material state' then x is a 'process'
stasis
maturity level
classifier used to specify the state of a resource in its development process
measured value expression
the value of '20g' that represents the measured weight of a mouse and that is determined on the quantitative scale of mass
International Vocabulary of Metrology Fourth edition,2.11
1. The values of the measured value expression are generated during the measurement process that produces the measurement information content entity the measured value expression is a part of. The corresponding parthood axiom is captured in the measurement information content entity class and is not reintroduced in the formal definition here to avoid redundancy. 2. Since this class is a subclassOf: value expression, the values contained in the measured value expression are always according to a classification scheme or a quantitative scale.
MeasuredValueSpecification(x) ↔ ValueExpression(x) ∧ ∃e((TemporalRegion(e) ∨ ProcessCharacteristic(e) ∨ ProcessProfile(e) ∨ SpecificallyDependentContinuant(e)) ∧ isMeasuredValueOfAtSomeTime(x,e))
value expression that contains the measured value of an attribute (specifically dependent continuant or process characteristic or process profile or temporal region)
every instance of 'measured value expression' is defined exactly as an instance of 'information content entity' that 'is measured value of at some time' some 'process characteristic' or 'process profile' or 'temporal region' or 'specifically dependent continuant'
measurement capability
the capability of a pH sensor to measure the pH; capability of a scale to measure the weight of an object
To measure the value means to determine the entities value relative to some classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
MeasurementCapability(x) → Capability(x) ∧ ∃z(MaterialEntity(z) ∧ capabilityOf(x,z)) ∧ ∀y(hasRealization(x,y) → MeasurementProcess(y))
capability of a material entity to measure the value of some entity
There are insufficient constructs in the ontology to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, 'to measure the value' needs a better formalization in its connection to the capability
if x is a 'measurement capability' then x is a 'capability' that is the 'capability of' some 'material entity' and whenever some y 'realizes' x that y must be a 'measurement process'
measurement information content entity
a two fold increase in expression of a gene in a cancer patient and the associated metadata; results of measuring the thickness of a piece of steel; results of measuring the change in pH in a bioreactor over the interval of two days
measurement ICE
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology and the International Vocabulary of Metrology
1. Attribute here comprehends qualities in case the entity the measurement content entity 'is about' is an independent continuant and process characteristics if the entity is a process or temporal region if the entity is a process or process boundary. 2. Measurement ICE describes attributes of physical entities. As such, it is not intended to be used for capturing metrics related to strictly digital objects (information content entities in the IOF framework). 3. Measurement ICE can contain qualitative, semi-quantitative, or quantitative measurements of the attribute. These values are stored within the measured value expression that is a part of the measurement ICE. 4. Measurement ICE can be utilized for both raw and processed measurement data. 5. The International Vocabulary of Metrology defines measurement ICE as a "set of values being attributed to a measurand together with any other available relevant information." This implies that, in addition to the actual measurement value, the measurement ICE contains other information(e.g., the entity of interest of which the measurand is the 'attribute of').
LA1: MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ↔ InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y∃z∃m∃p(((IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y) ∧ SpecificallyDependentContinuant(z) ∧ bearerOf(y,z)) ∨ ((Process(y) ∨ ProcessBoundary(y)) ∧ TemporalRegion(z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,z)) ∨ (Process(y) ∧ ProcessCharacteristic(z) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(z,y)) ∨ (ProcessProfile(z) ∧ processProfileOf(z,y))) ∧ MeasuredValueExpression(m) ∧ MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ isAbout(x,y) ∧ describes(x,z) ∧ hasContinuantPartAtAllTimes(x,m) ∧ isMeasuredValueOf(m,y) ∧ isOutputOf(x,p))
informational content that is the result of measuring a set of attributes (specifically dependent continuant or process characteristic or temporal region) belonging to the entity (independent continuant or process or process boundary) the informational content is about
every instance of 'measurement information content entity' is defined as exactly an instance of 'information content entity' that 'is about' some 'independent continuant' or 'process' or 'process boundary', and 'describes' some 'specifically dependent continuant', 'temporal region', 'process characteristic', or 'process profile', and 'has continuant part at all times' some 'measured value expression', and 'is measured value of' that entity, and 'is output of' some 'measurement process'
measurement process
measuring the pH of a buffer by a pH probe; measuring of a weight of a bulk of a substance by an industrial scale; measuring the rate of an enzymatic reaction by a spectrophotometer; measuring the time it takes to produce a unit of a product
1. Determining the value here is to be interpreted in the context of qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative measurements. As such, it comprehends both categorical and numerical measurements. 2. Typically, the results of measurements are recorded and stored as a measurement information content entity. 3. Measurement processes can have as temporal or occurrent parts other measurement processes as well data transformation processes which transform the raw measurement data. 4. The entity whose attribute is measured might either participate in the process if it is a continuant or occupy a temporal interval that precedes or partially coincides with the measurement process if it is an occurrent. 5. The material entity measuring the attribute must be capable of measuring that attribute. This is axiomatically captured by mandating that the material entity that is measuring the attribute must have a measurement capability.
LA1: MeasurementProcess(x) ↔ PlannedProcess(x) ∧ ∃m∃y∃z∃c(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MeasurementCapability(c) ∧ hasCapability(m,c) ∧ (((IndependentContinuant(y) ∧ ¬SpatialRegion(y)) ∧ SpecificallyDependentContinuant(z) ∧ bearerOf(y,z) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,x)) ∨ ((Process(y) ∨ ProcessBoundary(y)) ∧ TemporalRegion(z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,z) ∧ ∃t(temporalRegion(t) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,t) ∧ (occurrentPartOf(t,z) ∨ hasOccurrentPart(t,z))) ∨ (ProcessCharacteristic(z) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(z,y)) ∨ (ProcessProfile(z) ∧ processProfileOf(z,y) ∧ (preceedes(y,x) ∨ ∃t1∃t2(temporalRegion(t1) ∧ temporalRegion(t2) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,t1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,t2) ∧ (occurrentPartOf(t1,t2) ∨ hasOccurrentPart(t1,t2))))))) ∧ measuresAtSomeTime(m,z)) ∧ ∀b(hasSpecifiedOutput(x,b) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(b))
planned process to determine the value of an attribute (specifically dependent continuant or temporal region or process characteristic) of an entity of interest
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, n-ary constructs that are able to adequately capture the relation between the process, attribute and the entity of interest are still lacking. Also formalization of being an entity of interest is lacking.
if x is a 'measurement process' then x is a 'planned process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'material entity' y that 'has capability' some 'measurement capability' and y 'measures at some time' either (1) a 'process characteristic' that is 'process characteristic of' a 'process' that 'precedes' or temporally overlaps with x, or (2) a 'specifically dependent continuant' that 'inheres in' an 'independent continuant' (not a 'spatial region') which 'participates in at some time' x, or (3) a 'temporal region' that is 'occupied by' some 'process' or 'process boundary' and that 'has occurrent part' or is 'occurrent part of' a 'temporal region' that is 'occupied by' x, or (4) a 'process profile' that is 'process profile of' a 'process' that 'precedes' or temporally overlaps with x, and whenever x 'has specified output' b, b must be a 'measurement information content entity'.
objective specification
The objective specification in a manufacturer's six-sigma process improvement program will describe in some detail, the quality improvements to be achieved (as in e.g. the level of reduction in causes of defects, or in the level variability in either or both manufacturing and business processes).
1.Typically is part of a plan specification. 2.The NL definition states that the objective specification 'prescribes' the outcome of a 'process'. This does not necessarily imply that a given process exists as an instance during the entire 'objective specification' lifecycle. Instead, it should be interpreted as "if an instance of the Process X (X here is intended to represent an OWL:Class that is SubClassOf: Process) exists, then its outcome should be as 'prescribed by' the 'objective specification'.
InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y∃p(Process(p) ∧ isAchievedByAtSomeTime(x,p) ∧ ((ProcessCharacteristic(y) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(y,p)) ∨ (ProcessProfile(y) ∧ processProfileOf(y,p)) ∨ (Capability(y) ∧ hasRealization(x,y)) ∨ (Continuant(y) ∧ isOutputOf(y,p))) ∧ prescribes(x,y)) → ObjectiveSpecification(x)
information content entity that prescribes what the outcome of some process should be
if x is an 'information content entity' and x 'is achieved by at some time' some 'process' p, and x 'prescribes' some y that is either a 'process characteristic' that is 'process characteristic of' p, or a 'process profile' that is 'process profile of' p, or a 'capability' that x 'has realization' of, or a 'continuant' that 'is output of' p, then x is an 'objective specification'.
organization
goverment, a company, a political party, a city goverment, yakuza, department, division
1. An organization may have a set of organizational rules that, among other things, prescribe a set of roles and responsibilities its members bear, how important decisions are made, and how members should behave when acting on behalf of the organization. 2. As introduced here, the mere gathering of a group of persons does not imply the existence of an organization, unless and until such members agree to form an organization and have agreed to a common set of objectives as mentioned in point 1.
Organization(x) → ∀y(hasMemberPartAtSomeTime(x,y) → (Person(y) ∨ Organization(y))) ∧ ∀z(hasProperContinuantPartAtSomeTime(x,z) → Organization(z))
Organization(x) ↔ OrganizedGroupOfAgents(x) ∧ ∃p∃i(Person(p) ∧OrganizationIdentifier(i) ∧ designatedBy(x,i) ∧ hasMemberPartAtAllTimes(x,p))
group of persons that identifies itself by some name and pursues a common set of plans and objectives
if x is an 'organization' then whenever x 'has member part at some time' y that y must be a 'peson' or 'organization' and whenever x 'has proper continuant part at some time' z that z must be a 'organization'
every instance of 'organization' is defined exactly as an instance of 'organized group of agents' that is 'designated by' some 'organization identifier' and that 'has member part at all times' one or more 'person'
Members of organizations are people or other organizations. However, an organization may be composed of several sub-organizations (e.g., departments). This composition should be modeled through 'proper continuant part' relations.
organization identifier
DUNS Number, CAGE Code, EIN, FIIN, BICID, DODAACID, SCACID
1. Organization identifier used here is intended to uniquely identify a particular organization within a region, country, or globally. A government body usually issues one such identifier in the region or country where the business operates (a.k.a. legal entity identifier). Other such identifiers may be assigned by well-known business organizations operating in a locale, a region, or a country -- an example being Dun and Bradstreet for businesses operating in the United States. Moreover, others may still be assigned by international trade organizations for multi-national organizations. In all cases, these unique identifiers facilitate regional or international trade and commerce between such "legal entities." 2. As introduced here, the term serves to identify other organizational types, including government entities, who are often parties in trade or commerce or have a vested interest in controlling it. In the future, the IOF will introduce and adopt a mid-level ontology for legal entities and relations. 3. The identifier of an organization may be the name of an organization or an alias and may only be unique in a particular jurisdiction (locale, region) and may not be unique on a wider scale - namely at the country level or globally.
OrganizationIdentifier(x) ↔ Identifier(x) ∧ ∃b(Organization(b) ∧ designates(x,b))
identifier that identifies an organization
every instance of ‘organization identifier’ is defined as exactly an instance of ‘identifier' that 'designates' an 'organization'
organized group of agents
goverment, division, an automated manufacturing cell
OrganizedGroupOfAgents(x) ↔ ObjectAggregate(x) ∧ ∃i∃f(DirectiveInformationContentEntity(i) ∧ Function(f) ∧ bearerOf(x, f) ∧ prescribes(i, f))
group of agents that is pursuing a common set of plans and objectives
every instance of 'organized group of agents' is defined as exactly an instance of 'group of agents' that is the 'bearer of' some 'function' which is 'prescribed by' some 'directive information content entity'
output objective specification
A specification stating that the chromatography step must yield purified monoclonal antibody at a purity > 98% and recovery > 85%; An analytical procedure specification requiring a quantified measurement of total protein concentration with CV < 5% across replicates; A fill-finish procedure output specification requiring that each vial is filled with 1.0 mL ± 0.05 mL of formulated drug product and passes visual inspection; A machining operation output objective specification stating that the finished shaft must have diameter 25.00 mm ± 0.01 mm and surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.8 µm; A parcel fulfillment output objective specification requiring that each sealed carton has total mass 10.0 kg ± 0.1 kg and contains the correct item count per packing list; A data processing step output objective specification requiring that the generated report contains the specified summary fields and that all numeric values are rounded to the required precision.
A specification about waste collected after cleaning, e.g., “The waste stream from CIP must be neutralized before disposal.”; A specification limiting the number of rejected vials during inspection (this constrains process acceptability, not what is intended to be produced); A specification stating that the equipment must be cleaned and verified as clean before the procedure is considered complete (a completion criterion/post-condition, not an output objective for a product); A specification requiring that the process log and electronic batch record are reviewed and approved after execution (a documentation/release post-condition, not an output objective for the produced entity).
As a subclass of objective specification, the output specification defines the intended results of a planned process. As such it should exclude waste and unintended products (e.g., byproducts or impurities generated during synthesis) that are not part of the process objective.
OutputObjectiveSpecification(x) → ObjectiveSpecification(x) ∧ ∀y(prescribes(x,y) → ((Continuant(y) ∧ ∃p(isSpecifiedOutputOf(y,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))) ∨ (SpecificallyDependentContinuant(y) ∧ ∃z(specificallyDependsOn(y,z) ∧ Continuant(z) ∧∃p (isSpecifiedOutputOf(z,p) ∧ PlannedProcess(p))))))
objective specification that prescribes the entities to be produced or modified in a planned process or the attributes they must posses to serve as valid outputs
if x is an 'output objective specification' then x is an 'objective specification' and whenever x 'prescribes' some y that y mustbe either a 'continuant' that 'is specified output of' some 'planned process' or a 'specifically dependent continuant' that 'specifically depends on' some 'continuant' that 'is specified output of' some 'planned process'
person
any individual human being
organism that is the member of the species of homo sapiens
This term is expected to remain primitive. While the IOF might introduce a term for 'organism' in the future, speciation is out of the scope of IOF and should be utilized if needed from a biological ontology
if x is a 'person' then x is an 'object'
human being
physical location identifier
postal address, GPS coordinate, GS1 global location number (GLN) for physical and digital location, 42.8864° N, 78.8784° W, London, the factory floor
1. Physical location is a synonym for BFO:Site and hence the usage of BFO:Site within the axioms should be interpreted as physical location 2. As introduced here, the IOF ontology is only dealing with physical locations. Identifiers for other kinds of location designators (e.g., virtual locations) will be considered in a future version. 3. More classes need to be introduced to represent coordinates in 3D space. For this, the OGC specification may be utilized: http://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/18-010r7/18-010r7.html#106
PhysicalLocationIdentifier(x) ↔ Identifier(x) ∧ ∃l(Site(l) ∧ designates(x,l))
identifier that identifies a physical location (site)
every instance of 'physical location identifier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'identifier' that 'designates' a 'site'
site identifier, site designator
piece of equipment
wrench when it is used in the maintenance process of a car; chromatography column that is planned to be used in a protein purification process; r truck that is used to transport goods to the buyer; single-use bioreactor when it is planned to be used in the upstream phase of a biomanufacturing process
buffer designed to keep pH in a bioreactor constant
See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience. Therefore, specific kinds of equipment such as machines, devices, and tools should be asserted under 'material artifact' or 'engineered system' as appropriate and not directly under 'piece of equipment'.
PieceOfEquipment(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∨ EngineeredSystem(x)) ∧ ∃r(EquipmentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
material artifact or engineered system with an equipment role
every instance of 'piece of equipment' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material artifact' or 'engineered system' that 'has role' some 'equipment role'
plan specification
a manufacturer's sales plan; process plan for producing a part; a schedule for routine maintenance and inspection of a machine; a work order to build 100 of a particular kind component for today.
When concretized, plan specification may be realized in a process where participants take the prescribed actions to achieve the prescribed process objectives. In other words, a plan specification is concretized in a 'planned process' that it 'prescribes'
InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃a∃o∃p(ActionSpecification(a) ∧ ObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ PlannedProcess(p) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(a,x) ∧ continuantPartOfAtAllTimes(o,x) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → PlanSpecification(x)
information content entity that has action specifications and objective specifications as parts
if x is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'planned process' and x 'has continuant part at all times' some 'action specification' and some 'objective specification' then x is a 'plan specification'
process design
process specification
work instruction
planned process
A tire manufacturing process occurs as prescribed by a manufacturing plan specification.
unexpected failure events; unexpected malfunctioning of a machine; safety occurrence (that lacks explicit plan specifications);
1. 'Planned' is here functioning as a specifier, rather than as a modifier analogous to 'cancelled' or 'averted'. Therefore, to say that a process is planned is not to say that it has not yet taken place. Rather, it is to say that it is (was or will have been) protocol-driven, instruction-driven, command-driven, or software-driven, or in some combination thereof. 2. 'Planned' means 'protocol driven'. Protocols may be written, spoken, or simply thought – as when upon waking up, we plan, for instance, what to eat for breakfast.
PlannedProcess(x) ↔ Process(x) ∧ ∃s(PlanSpecification(s) ∧ prescribes(s,x))
process that is prescribed by a plan specification
every instance of 'planned process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'process' that is 'prescribed by' some 'plan specification'
process characteristic
The maximum temperature of a heating process, the average wind speed of a turbine operation process, total fuel consumed in a boiling process, the peak RPM of a engine running process, overall noise level (good, fair, or poor) of a transmission process, average throughput of a production process
temperature curve during heating, heart rate over time during exercise, RPM vs time for an engine, count-per-minute variation during production, daily average temprature over last month
1) A process characteristic is a continuant rather than an occurrent because it characterizes a process as a single whole rather than as something that unfolds in time. Unlike a process or a process profile, which has different temporal parts occupying different temporal regions, a process characteristic has no part tied to time. The summarization of the target attribute considers all of its temporal parts—for example, the maximum temperature can only be known by considering the entire temperature profile of a heating process. 2) The "attribute" mentioned in the definition is the specific feature of a process whose time-dependent behavior are captured by a 'process profile', but which may be summarized by a 'process characteristic' over the whole duration of the process. 3) Summarization means describing an attribute of a process with a single overall characterization instead of representing how it varies over time. For example, the speed profile of a car's movement can be summarized by taking average of all instantaneous speeds over the entire duration the movement occurred, e.g., 45kmph average speed. However, the summarization may also be qualitative for some type process characteristics, e.g., the heartbeat was steady or stuttering.
∀c, c', x, x′(processCharacteristicOf(c, x) ∧ continuantPartOf(c'​, c) ∧ temporalPartOf(x′,x) → ¬ processCharacteristicOf(c',x′))
ProcessCharacteristic(x) ↔ Continuant(x) ∧ ∃p(Process(p) ∧ processCharacteristicOf(x, p))
continuant that summarizes an attribute of a process over its entire duration, providing a time-independent characterization of the process as a whole
The construct is primitive because of the following two ideosyncratic design decisions which may require re-evaluation in the future. 1) The construct is defined using a trans-ontological relation 'process characteristics of', which relates a 'continuant' to a 'process', an 'occurrent'. 2) The consruct is broadly classified as 'continuant', without further specialization.
if c is 'process characteristic of' x and c′ is a 'continuant part of' c and x′ is a 'temporal part of' x, then c′ is not 'process characteristic of' x′
every instance of 'process characteristic' is defined as exactly an instance of 'continuant' that is 'process characteristic of' some 'process'
procuring business process
AstraZeneca buying and being supplied with a bulk of raw materials from MiliPoreSigma; buying and being supplied with a shipment of office supplies
1. The procurement process considers the whole cycle from identification of needs through to the end of a services contract or the end of the life of goods, including disposal. 2. Sourcing is a part of the procurement process that includes planning, defining specifications (3.26) and selecting suppliers. [Source: ISO 20400:2017] 3. It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
ProcuringBusinessProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃b∃s(BuyingBusinessProcess(b) ∧ SupplyingBusinessProcess(s) ∧ hasOccurrentPart(x,b) ∧ hasOccurrentPart(x,s))
business process that consists of buying and ensuring the supply of products or services
every instance of 'procuring business process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that has some 'buying business process' and 'supplying business process' as 'occurent parts'
product production process
Making of an engine block as a product that consists of many processes such as manufacturing process, assembly process, inspection process etc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing and ISO 23952:2020(en)
1.Providing a service that does not deliver any tangible good 2.Acquiring unprocessed raw material (e.g., roll of aluminum) with intention to sell them or reselling. The Product existed before the initiation of the planned process.
1. A product production process is distinct from a maintenance process in that, in the latter case, the product exists both before and after the process occurs. 2. A product production process has several planned processes as parts (sub-processes), including at least one manufacturing or assembly process, and optionally, may include other planned process types such as inspection, packaging, rework, and material handling. 3. Note that the various parts of a product production process, for example, inspection, and testing, cannot be a product production process alone. 4. Some manufacturing processes will also be product production processes.
ProductProductionProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃m(ManufacturingProcess(m) ∧ occurentPartOf(m,x)) ∧ ∃y∃t∃t1(MaterialProduct(y) ∧ TemporalRegion(t) ∧ TemporalRegion(t1) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x, y) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x, t) ∧ temporallyOverlaps(t, t1) ∧ existsAt(y, t1))
business process that consists of at least one manufacturing process through which raw materials and components are transformed or modified to create a material product
every instance of 'product production process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that 'has occurrent part', some 'manufacturing process', and 'has specified output' some 'material product' which did not 'exist at' the beginning of the 'product production process'
raw material
rolls of aluminum a manufacturer purchases to be consumed on its bottling lines to produce aluminum cans to package its product, crude oil that is converted into gasoline in a refining process; wheels an automobile manufacturer purchases to assemble into a car
This class is very general and it is intended to be used for grouping inputs to the product production process external to the bussiness organization. But, things like material artifacts should not be asserted as subclasses of this class
RawMaterial(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(RawMaterialRole(x) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
material entity which has the raw material role
every instance of 'raw material' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'raw material role'
raw material role
rolls of aluminum a manufacturer purchases to be consumed to produce aluminum cans
ISO 17889-1:2021(en) and https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/raw%20material
production intermediary going from one production cell to another; reagent that is used in a quality testing process of the product or any intermediary
1. IOF considers raw materials only material entities that are acquired from a different organizational unit. However, that organizational unit can be within the same manufacturing enterprise (e.g., exchange of goods between divisions). 2. Raw materials are incorporated during the product production process into the final product. In other words, 'raw materials' exclude consumables from non-manufacturing processes that are a part of product production (e.g., maintenance or quality control) or consumables that are not incorporated into the product (e.g., single-use equipment).
RawMaterialRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃m∃z∃b(BuyingBusinessProcess(y) ∧ Organization(m) ∧ MaterialEntity(z) ∧ BuyerRole(b) ∧ roleOf(b,m) ∧ roleOf(x,z) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(y,m) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(y,z)) ∧ ∀y1(hasRealization(x,y1) → (ProductProductionProcess(y1) ∨ ManufacturingProcess(y1)))
role held by a material entity when it is acquired by an organizational entity with some plan to transform or modify it into intermediate-level components or substances or into a product
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for transforming or modifying are lacking.
if x is a 'raw material role' then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' when it 'participates in at some time' a 'buying business process' in which some 'organization' that 'has role' 'buyer role' participates in at some time' and whenever x 'has realization' y that y must be a 'product production process' or a 'manufacturing process'
requirement specification
UML use case document, competency questions, high level activity diagram
Being a requirement specification can be context specific. For example, a UML class diagram may be a requirement specification for a data exchange specification or a design specification for software code.
LA1: RequirementSpecification(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y(ObjectiveSpecification(y) ∧ isAbout(x,y))
LA2: InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃y(Entity(y) ∧ satisfiesRequirement(y,x)) → RequirementSpecification(x)
information content entity that prescribes a set of requirements
LA1: if x is a 'requirement specification' then x is an 'information content entity' that 'is about' some 'objective specification'
LA2: if x is an 'information content entity' and exists an entity that 'satisfies requirement' x then x is a 'requirement specification'
offering for sale business process
Good Year offers tires for sale, Boeing offers 737 planes for along with service agreements for the maintenance of the planes
It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃y∃z((MaterialProduct(y) ∨ CommercialServiceAgreement(y)) ∧ Supplier(z) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTIme(x,y) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,z))
business process wherein a product or commercial service is offered by an agent (seller) for another agent (buyer) to acquire ownership via a financial instrument
if x is an 'offering for sale business process' then x is a 'business proces' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supplier' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' or 'commercial service agreement'
service provider
FedEx; Home-cleaning service; aircraft maintenance service; internet service provider
ServiceProvider(x) ↔ (Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r(ServiceProviderRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
person or organization which has a service provider role
every instance of 'service provider' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'service provider role'
service provider role
ServiceProviderRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((Organization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ (CommercialService(p) ∨ (OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ ∃c(CommercialServiceAgreement(c) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(p,c)))) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
supplier role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide a commercial service
if x is a 'service provider role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'person' or 'organization' that 'participates in at some time' some 'commercial service' or some 'offering for sale business process' which 'has participant at some time' some 'commercial service agreement'
supplier
logistics service provider; vending machine; the material handling department (which manages the raw material and finished goods in company warehouses, and provides material handling services to manufacturing and other departments within its factories)
Supplier(x) ↔ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x) ∧ ∃r(SupplierRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))
person or organization which has a supplier role
every instance of 'supplier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'organization' that 'has role' some 'supplier role'
supplier role
APICS, term by the same name and Oxford Languages, term by the name ‘vendor’
SupplierRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((Organization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ (SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∨ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p)) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))
agent role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide products or services
if x is a 'supplier role' x then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' some 'person' or 'organization' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'supplying business process' or 'offering for sale business process'
supplying business process
BMW dealer supplies a car to the Customer; US importer of steel from China supplies the steel to a US manufacturer; company (supplier) supplied (ship directly) a product to a buyer who bought the product on Amazon (seller)
A BMW dealer supplies a car to a Customer in the US, but the BMW Manufacturer in Germany does not supply the car to the Customer. The BMW Manufacturer supplies the car to the BMW dealer.
1. To supply a product means to deliver the product to another agent. 2.To supply a service means to perform a process (e.g. commercial service) for another agent, typically involving a service agreement. 3.It should be noted that we consciously exclude the person-to-person transactions, but person-to-business is not excluded.
SupplyingBusinessProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃y(Supplier(y) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y)) ∧ (∃p(MaterialProduct(p) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,p)) ∨ ∃c(CommercialService(c) ∧ occurrentPartOf(x,c)))
business process wherein a product or service is supplied
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs for economic transactions, service or product provision and ownership are lacking
if x is a 'supplying business process' then x is a 'business process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supplier' and x 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' or is 'occurent part of' some 'commercial service'
system
solar system, digestive system, forest ecosystem, hydraulic system, subway system, social system, technical system, natural system
Merriam-Webster Dictionary for term under the same name.
1. As introduced here, the term is limited to natural, social and technical systems that are tangible and whose "elements" are also tangible. 2. Frequently, the elements comprising a system are instances of BFO: object. However, the system elements may also include object aggregates (e.g., a system of systems; a system that includes a production line consisting of humans, machines, and other equipment) 3. Although the system is asserted under BFO: object aggregate, which is constrained to have only material entities (tangible things) as elements, the approach to modeling systems comprised of both software and hardware (also known as a cyber-physical system) can still be modeled indirectly: by introducing a 'generically depends on' relationship between the software or other intangible elements (information content entity types) and its physical bearer (hardware or hardware system), which are in turn members of the system.
collection of elements (object aggregate) that form a unified whole and interact
The term is introduced here as a general class to allow the introduction of specialized kinds of systems that appear in particular modalities. Furthermore, an effort remains to formalize what it means for two things to interact, or what it means to regularly interact.
if x is a 'system' then x is an 'object aggregate'
temporal duration value expression
the expression of the duration of the temporal interval that corresponds to the time during which a worker sewed a particular garment.
1. This class was introduced as a helper class to map OWL time to IOF Core. For detailed expression of a duration of a ‘temporal interval’, use a suitable subclass of TemporalDuration class from Time ontology (https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/) instead of ‘temporal duration value expression’ (see mapping file https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/commonstocoremapping/MappingOWLTimeToIOF/)
TemporalDurationValueExpression(x) → ValueExpression(x) ∧ ∃y(TimeInterval(y) ∧ isValueExpressionOfAtAllTimes(x,y))
value expression that describes the duration of some temporal interval
The definition of this class is weakened to only necessary condition because the current formal conditions do not specify which characteristic of the temporal interval is being expressed; without a mechanism to formally distinguish duration from other temporal qualities (e.g., temporal position), the construct cannot be given a necessary-and-sufficient definition. Until such representational machinery exists—i.e., a property or formal device that links a value expression specifically to the duration quality of a temporal interval—the conditions can function only as necessary, not necessary and sufficient, making this class primitive.
every instance of 'temporal duration value expression' is an instance of 'value expression' that 'is value expression of at all times' some 'temporal interval'
temporal instant value expression
The time instant at which a train arrives at a station has its clock time expressed by a temporal instant value expression.
1. This class was introduced as a helper class to map OWL time to IOF Core. For detailed expression of date and time in a specific calendar system, use a suitable subclass of TemporalPosition class from Time ontology (https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/) instead of ‘temporal instant value expression’ (see mapping file https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/commonstocoremapping/MappingOWLTimeToIOF/)
TemporalInstantValueExpression(x) ↔ ValueExpression(x) ∧ ∃y(TemporalInstant(y) ∧ isValueExpressionOfAtAllTimes(x,y))
value expression that describes the position of a time instant in the time line
every instance of 'temporal instant value expression' is defined exactly as an instance of 'value expression' that 'is value expression of at all times' some 'temporal instant'
value expression
1. Value expressions comprehend qualitative, semi-quantitative, or quantitative values. 2. All value expressions have a value associated with them through ‘has simple expression value’. This part is not formally captured as we do not want to impose a specific datatype constraint (e.g., xsd:int,rdfs:Literal) with the value expression. Nevertheless, any instance of ‘value expression’ MUST have a ‘has simple expression value’ or its subproperty pointing to a value. 3. This class is intended to provide a single framework for representing unit-value pairs and the connection between a value and a particular classification scheme in the case of qualitative values. While currently, IOF still needs to define classification schemes and quantitative scales, this class is compatible with and thus can be mapped to external ontologies such as the QUDT and the Units Ontology to get the necessary representation of units.
ValueExpression(x) → InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃e(Entity(e) ∧ isValueExpressionOfAtSomeTime(x,e))
information content entity that contains a value of an entity within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale
There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely constructs for representing classification schemes and quantitative scales are still missing.
If x is a 'value expression' then x is an 'information content entity' that 'is value expression of at some time' some 'entity'
value information content entity
absorption process
processo de absorção
A planned process in which one or more gaseous components are transferred from a gas phase into a liquid absorbent phase through contact in petroleum production equipment.
accumulation function
função de acumulação
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the collection and temporary holding of fluid to buffer flow variations or build up inventory.
accumulation process
processo de acumulação
A planned process in which fluid is collected and temporarily held in a vessel to buffer flow variations or build up inventory in a petroleum production system.
actuation function
função de atuação
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting a control input to mechanical movement or force that positions or operates another equipment component, where the control input is provided manually by human operation.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting control signals or energy inputs into mechanical motion or force to operate other equipment such as valves, dampers, or positioning mechanisms.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in converting one form of energy into mechanical motion to operate a mechanism or device.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ActuationProcess and that consists in the capacity to convert an input energy signal (electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic) into controlled mechanical motion for operating other equipment components.
actuation process
processo de atuação
A PlannedProcess in which a control signal or energy input is converted by an actuator into mechanical motion or force that operates or positions another piece of equipment according to control requirements.
A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts a control input signal to mechanical movement or force, enabling the positioning or operation of controlled equipment such as valves, dampers, or switches.
A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts input energy (electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic) into mechanical motion to operate valves, dampers, or other control devices.
A PlannedProcess in which an actuator converts input energy into controlled mechanical motion to operate valves, dampers, or other equipment requiring remote or automated positioning.
agitation function
função de agitação
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical stirring of a liquid to promote mixing, suspension of solids, or heat transfer.
agitation process
processo de agitação
A planned process in which a liquid is mechanically stirred or agitated to promote mixing, heat transfer, or suspension of solids in petroleum production equipment.
air portion
porção de ar
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air participating as an oxidant, carrier, or motive fluid in a petroleum production process.
anode function
função de proteção anódica
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the supply of electrons to a cathodic protection circuit to prevent corrosion of a protected metallic structure.
axial displacement measuring probe
sonda axial de deslocamento de medição
A material artifact that constitutes a proximity probe that measures the axial displacement of a rotating shaft in petroleum production rotating equipment.
axial displacement transmission function
função de transmissão de deslocamento axial
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of axial displacement of a rotating shaft and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a monitoring system.
axial displacement transmission process
processo de transmissão de deslocamento axial
A planned process in which the axial displacement of a rotating shaft is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote monitoring system.
backflow prevention process
processo de prevenção de refluxo
A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow reversal is prevented by a closure member that moves to block the flow path when upstream pressure falls below downstream pressure or when flow attempts to reverse direction.
binary flow control process
processo de controle binário de fluxo
A process-controlled flow process in which a flow path is completely opened or closed to allow or prevent fluid passage through petroleum production equipment.
boiling function
função de ebulição
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of a liquid into vapour by supplying heat at or above the liquid's boiling point.
boiling process
processo de ebulição
A planned process in which a liquid is converted into vapour by supplying thermal energy at or above its boiling point in petroleum production equipment.
bottom hole drilling function
função de perfuração de fundo de poço
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the cutting and disintegration of subsurface rock at the bottom of a wellbore to advance the drill hole.
bottom hole drilling process
processo de perfuração de fundo de poço
A planned process in which subsurface rock at the bottom of a wellbore is cut and disintegrated by a drill bit to advance the drill hole.
braided conductor
condutor de trançado
A material artifact that constitutes an electrical conductor composed of braided or stranded wires providing flexibility and mechanical strength in petroleum production equipment.
braking function
função de frenagem
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the application of a retarding force to decelerate or hold stationary a rotating or translating mechanical component.
braking process
processo de frenagem
A planned process in which a retarding force is applied to decelerate or hold stationary a rotating or translating mechanical component in petroleum production equipment.
bocal de ramal
branch port
A material artifact that constitutes a branch outlet port on a manifold or pipe fitting through which flow is diverted to a secondary flow path.
ODR-009 Amendment A (2026-06-18): copi:Operation as explicit root universal; genus correction to iof-constr:PlannedProcess
A planned process that an item of process-industry equipment is designed to bring about or take part in; a process-industry unit operation.
Um processo planejado que um item de equipamento de indústria de processo é projetado para causar ou do qual é projetado para participar; uma operação unitária de indústria de processo.
operation
operação
Root universal for process-industry unit operations in the chemical-engineering tradition (cf. each category's adaptedFrom). Members share a typed participation signature (material inputs/outputs) and differ by transformation effected; no single formal condition differentiates Operation from PlannedProcess in OWL — the differentia is OWL-inexpressible, standard for a BFO primitive. (ODR-009 Amendment A, 2026-06-18)
Universal raiz para operações unitárias de indústria de processo na tradição da engenharia química (cf. adaptedFrom de cada categoria). Os membros compartilham uma assinatura de participação tipada (entradas/saídas materiais) e diferem pela transformação efetuada; nenhuma condição formal única diferencia Operation de PlannedProcess em OWL — a diferença é inexpressível em OWL, padrão para um primitivo BFO. (ODR-009 Emenda A, 2026-06-18)
if x is an 'operation' then x is a 'planned process'
se x é uma 'operação' então x é um 'processo planejado'
Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2002) — Part I: momentum transport.
A process that imparts mechanical energy to a fluid, changing its pressure or inducing its bulk motion.
Um processo que confere energia mecânica a um fluido, alterando sua pressão ou induzindo seu movimento global.
momentum transfer
transferência de quantidade de movimento
Elevar a pressão de um líquido de processo; comprimir um gás; circular uma lama.
Raising the pressure of a process liquid; compressing a gas; circulating a slurry.
McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (fluid-flow operations).
Includes pressure-raising operations on liquids and gases, and bulk transport/mixing. Its leaf operations LiquidPressureIncrease and GasPressureIncrease are disjoint.
Inclui operações de aumento de pressão de líquidos e gases, e transporte/mistura globais. Suas operações folha LiquidPressureIncrease e GasPressureIncrease são disjuntas.
∀x (MomentumTransfer(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
A unit-operations class grounded in the McCabe-Smith-Harriott tradition; its members share a typed-participation envelope but no single formally necessary-and-sufficient differentia, so only the envelope is asserted in OWL.
Uma classe de operações unitárias fundamentada na tradição de McCabe-Smith-Harriott; seus membros compartilham um envelope de participação tipada mas nenhuma diferença formal necessária-e-suficiente única, de modo que apenas o envelope é asserido em OWL.
if x is a 'momentum transfer' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
se x é uma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material'
Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2002) — Part II: energy transport.
A process that transfers thermal energy between materials (or to/from a material) without, in itself, changing the phase or chemical identity of the process stream.
Um processo que transfere energia térmica entre materiais (ou de/para um material) sem, em si, alterar a fase ou a identidade química da corrente de processo.
heat transfer
transferência de calor
Aquecimento sensível de uma corrente de processo contra uma utilidade quente.
Sensible heating of a process stream against a hot utility.
∀x (HeatTransfer(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
Classe de operações unitárias; a constância de fase e de identidade química que distingue a transferência de calor sensível não é capturada em OWL, de modo que apenas o envelope é asserido.
Unit-operations class; the constancy of phase and chemical identity that distinguishes sensible heat transfer is not captured in OWL, so only the envelope is asserted.
if x is a 'heat transfer' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
se x é uma 'transferência de calor' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material'
Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2002) — Part III: mass transport.
A process in which one or more chemical species migrate between phases driven by a concentration (chemical-potential) difference.
Um processo no qual uma ou mais espécies químicas migram entre fases impulsionadas por uma diferença de concentração (potencial químico).
mass transfer
transferência de massa
Absorption of a gas component into a liquid solvent; stripping; distillation.
Absorção de um componente gasoso em um solvente líquido; esgotamento (stripping); destilação.
∀x (MassTransfer(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
Classe de operações unitárias; a migração interfásica que individua seus membros é declarada para folhas específicas (e.g. GasAbsorption) mas não no nível da categoria em OWL.
Unit-operations class; the inter-phase migration that individuates its members is stated for specific leaves (e.g. GasAbsorption) but not at the category level in OWL.
if x is a 'mass transfer' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
se x é uma 'transferência de massa' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material'
A process that separates a heterogeneous mixture into fractions by mechanical means (gravity, centrifugal, or barrier forces) without phase change or chemical reaction.
Um processo que separa uma mistura heterogênea em frações por meios mecânicos (forças gravitacionais, centrífugas ou de barreira) sem mudança de fase ou reação química.
mechanical separation
separação mecânica
Separação gravitacional trifásica; separação ciclônica; filtração; centrifugação.
Three-phase gravity separation; cyclonic separation; filtration; centrifugation.
∀x (MechanicalSeparation(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
Classe de operações unitárias; a separação de uma alimentação heterogênea por força mecânica não é formalizada em OWL além do envelope.
Unit-operations class; the partition of a heterogeneous feed by mechanical force is not formalised in OWL beyond the envelope.
if x is a 'mechanical separation' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
se x é uma 'separação mecânica' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material'
A process in which chemical species are consumed and new species, present in no input, are formed.
Um processo no qual espécies químicas são consumidas e novas espécies, presentes em nenhuma entrada, são formadas.
chemical reaction
reação química
Fermentation of sugars to ethanol; combustion; catalytic conversion.
Fermentação de açúcares a etanol; combustão; conversão catalítica.
∀x (ChemicalReaction(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃o,c(hasOutput(x,o) ∧ hasConstituent(o,c) ∧ ¬∃i,c1(hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasConstituent(i,c1) ∧ sameSubstance(c1,c))))
Classe de processo unitário; a formação de uma espécie genuinamente nova é parcialmente caracterizada em FOL mas apenas o gênero é asserido em OWL.
Unit-process class; the formation of a genuinely new species is partly characterised in FOL but only the genus is asserted in OWL.
if x is a 'chemical reaction' then x is a 'process' whose output has a constituent substance that no input has
se x é uma 'reação química' então x é um 'processo' cuja saída tem uma substância constituinte que nenhuma entrada possui
A process that changes the physical state (phase) of a material without changing its chemical identity.
Um processo que altera o estado físico (fase) de um material sem alterar sua identidade química.
mudança de fase
phase change
Evaporation; condensation; crystallisation.
Evaporação; condensação; cristalização.
∀x (PhaseChange(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃i∃o(MaterialEntity(i) ∧ MaterialEntity(o) ∧ hasInput(x,i) ∧ hasOutput(x,o)))
Classe de operações unitárias; a mudança de fase a identidade química constante é declarada para folhas (e.g. Vaporization) mas não no nível da categoria em OWL.
Unit-operations class; the change of phase at constant chemical identity is stated for leaves (e.g. Vaporization) but not at category level in OWL.
if x is a 'phase change' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' some 'material entity' and 'has output' some 'material entity'
se x é uma 'mudança de fase' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' alguma 'entidade material' e 'tem saída' alguma 'entidade material'
A process that maintains a contained material's state and identity over time; a limiting case in which the process input and output coincide. An auxiliary (non-transformation) category.
Um processo que mantém o estado e a identidade de um material contido ao longo do tempo; um caso-limite no qual a entrada e a saída do processo coincidem. Uma categoria auxiliar (não-transformação).
contenção de material
material containment
Armazenar petróleo cru em um tanque; amortecer líquido em um tambor de surto.
Holding crude in a storage tank; buffering liquid in a surge drum.
∀x (MaterialContainment(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃m(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ hasInput(x,m) ∧ hasOutput(x,m)))
Auxiliary category retained because all plant equipment must be classifiable; the input=output identity is the limiting characterisation, not a transformation.
Categoria auxiliar mantida porque todo equipamento de planta deve ser classificável; a identidade entrada=saída é a caracterização-limite, não uma transformação.
if x is a 'material containment' then x is a 'process' that 'has input' and 'has output' the same 'material entity'
se x é uma 'contenção de material' então x é um 'processo' que 'tem entrada' e 'tem saída' a mesma 'entidade material'
A process that modulates a flow without changing the material's substance, phase, or composition.
Um processo que modula um escoamento sem alterar a substância, a fase ou a composição do material.
controle de fluxo
flow control
Estrangular uma corrente por uma válvula de controle; isolar por uma válvula de bloqueio; aliviar sobrepressão.
Throttling a stream through a control valve; isolating via a shutoff valve; relieving overpressure.
∀x (FlowControl(x) → Process(x) ∧ ∃m(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ hasInput(x,m) ∧ hasOutput(x,m)))
Auxiliary category; the conservation of substance/phase/composition under modulation is the characterisation and is not a material transformation.
Categoria auxiliar; a conservação de substância/fase/composição sob modulação é a caracterização e não é uma transformação material.
if x is a 'flow control' then x is a 'process' that conserves the substance, phase and composition of its material participant
se x é um 'controle de fluxo' então x é um 'processo' que conserva a substância, a fase e a composição de seu participante material
McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §3 (fluid flow, pumping).
A momentum-transfer operation whose fluid input is an incompressible liquid and whose effect is to raise that liquid's pressure.
Uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento cuja entrada fluida é um líquido incompressível e cujo efeito é elevar a pressão desse líquido.
aumento de pressão de líquido
liquid pressure increase
∀x (LiquidPressureIncrease(x) ↔ MomentumTransfer(x) ∧ ∃l(Liquid(l) ∧ hasInput(x,l)) ∧ ∀m(hasInput(x,m) ∧ Fluid(m) → Liquid(m)))
OWL 2 DL cannot express the phase constraint on the fluid input; the OWL form asserts only the genus (MomentumTransfer). The disjointness with GasPressureIncrease is asserted to carry the pump/compressor partition.
OWL 2 DL não consegue expressar a restrição de fase sobre a entrada fluida; a forma OWL assere apenas o gênero (MomentumTransfer). A disjunção com GasPressureIncrease é asserida para sustentar a partição bomba/compressor.
x is a 'liquid pressure increase' if and only if x is a 'momentum transfer' whose fluid input is a 'liquid'
x é um 'aumento de pressão de líquido' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento' cuja entrada fluida é um 'líquido'
McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §3 (fluid flow, compression).
A momentum-transfer operation whose fluid input is a compressible gas and whose effect is to raise that gas's pressure.
Uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento cuja entrada fluida é um gás compressível e cujo efeito é elevar a pressão desse gás.
aumento de pressão de gás
gas pressure increase
∀x (GasPressureIncrease(x) ↔ MomentumTransfer(x) ∧ ∃g(Gas(g) ∧ hasInput(x,g)) ∧ ∀m(hasInput(x,m) ∧ Fluid(m) → Gas(m)))
As for LiquidPressureIncrease: the phase constraint is not expressible in OWL 2 DL; only the genus is asserted.
Como em LiquidPressureIncrease: a restrição de fase não é expressável em OWL 2 DL; apenas o gênero é asserido.
x is a 'gas pressure increase' if and only if x is a 'momentum transfer' whose fluid input is a 'gas'
x é um 'aumento de pressão de gás' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento' cuja entrada fluida é um 'gás'
Green & Southard (eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 9th ed. §14 (absorption and stripping).
A mass-transfer operation in which a chemical species carried by an input gas, and absent from the input solvent, becomes a constituent of the output liquid.
Uma operação de transferência de massa na qual uma espécie química transportada por um gás de entrada, e ausente do solvente de entrada, torna-se constituinte do líquido de saída.
absorção de gás
gas absorption
∀p (GasAbsorption(p) ↔ MassTransfer(p) ∧ ∃g,l,l2,c(hasInput(p,g) ∧ Gas(g) ∧ hasInput(p,l) ∧ Liquid(l) ∧ hasOutput(p,l2) ∧ Liquid(l2) ∧ derivesFrom(l2,l) ∧ hasConstituent(g,c) ∧ ¬∃c1(hasConstituent(l,c1) ∧ sameSubstance(c1,c)) ∧ ∃c2(hasConstituent(l2,c2) ∧ sameSubstance(c2,c))))
Although a full first-order definition is available, OWL 2 DL carries only the typed-participation envelope; the relational differentia (a constituent migrating gas->liquid) is FOL-only.
Embora exista uma definição de primeira ordem completa, o OWL 2 DL carrega apenas o envelope de participação tipada; a diferença relacional (um constituinte migrando gás->líquido) é apenas-FOL.
x is a 'gas absorption' if and only if x is a 'mass transfer' in which a substance carried by the input gas, absent from the input solvent, is a constituent of the output liquid
x é uma 'absorção de gás' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de massa' na qual uma substância transportada pelo gás de entrada, ausente do solvente de entrada, é constituinte do líquido de saída
McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §16 (evaporation).
A phase-change operation in which a liquid input is converted to a vapour output.
Uma operação de mudança de fase na qual uma entrada líquida é convertida em uma saída de vapor.
vaporization
vaporização
∀x (Vaporization(x) ↔ PhaseChange(x) ∧ ∃l(Liquid(l) ∧ hasInput(x,l)) ∧ ∃v(Vapour(v) ∧ hasOutput(x,v) ∧ derivesFrom(v,l)))
OWL 2 DL carrega apenas o gênero (PhaseChange); a derivação líquido-para-vapor é apenas-FOL.
OWL 2 DL carries only the genus (PhaseChange); the liquid-to-vapour derivation is FOL-only.
x is a 'vaporization' if and only if x is a 'phase change' whose liquid input gives rise to a vapour output
x é uma 'vaporização' se e somente se x é uma 'mudança de fase' cuja entrada líquida dá origem a uma saída de vapor
A process in which a contained material escapes its intended boundary. An unplanned process; deliberately not an iof-constr:PlannedProcess.
Um processo no qual um material contido escapa de seu limite pretendido. Um processo não planejado; deliberadamente não um iof-constr:PlannedProcess.
loss of containment
perda de contenção
Relevant to HAZOP and failure-propagation work built over COPI.
Relevante para trabalhos de HAZOP e propagação de falhas construídos sobre o COPI.
∀x (LossOfContainment(x) → Process(x) ∧ ¬PlannedProcess(x))
Included to make the bfo:Process rooting concrete: the same boundary-failure kind is failure-relevant (ISO 14224) and cannot be a PlannedProcess; a planned-only hierarchy would exclude it.
Incluída para tornar concreta a ancoragem em bfo:Process: o mesmo tipo de falha de barreira é relevante para falhas (ISO 14224) e não pode ser um PlannedProcess; uma hierarquia só-planejada o excluiria.
if x is a 'loss of containment' then x is a 'process' and x is not a 'planned process'
se x é uma 'perda de contenção' então x é um 'processo' e x não é um 'processo planejado'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a momentum-transfer operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de quantidade de movimento.
dispositivo de transferência de quantidade de movimento
momentum-transfer device
bomba, compressor, ventilador, tubo, misturador
pump, compressor, fan, pipe, mixer
Unit-operations tradition (McCabe-Smith-Harriott); cross-checked against IEC 81346-2 codes G, M, W and ISO 14224 Annex A.
A dispersive (defined) category; a leaf declaring only its designed function is automatically classified here by the reasoner. Not asserted disjoint from the other equipment categories (selective partition).
Uma categoria dispersiva (definida); uma folha que declara apenas sua função projetada é classificada aqui automaticamente pelo reasoner. Não asserida disjunta das demais categorias de equipamento (partição seletiva).
∀x (MomentumTransferDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MomentumTransfer(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'momentum-transfer device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'momentum transfer'
x é um 'dispositivo de transferência de quantidade de movimento' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'transferência de quantidade de movimento'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a heat-transfer operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de calor.
dispositivo de transferência de calor
heat-transfer device
shell-and-tube exchanger, fired heater, reboiler
trocador casco-e-tubo, aquecedor a fogo direto, refervedor
Unit-operations tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 codes E, V.
Categoria definida; um artefato que porta uma função secundária (e.g. um refervedor que também vaporiza) adquire pertinências adicionais de categoria -- intencional, não um defeito.
Defined category; an artifact bearing a secondary function (e.g. a reboiler that also vaporizes) acquires additional category memberships -- intended, not a defect.
∀x (HeatTransferDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(HeatTransfer(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'heat-transfer device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'heat transfer'
x é um 'dispositivo de transferência de calor' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'transferência de calor'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a mass-transfer operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de transferência de massa.
dispositivo de transferência de massa
mass-transfer device
absorber, stripper, distillation column, adsorber
absorvedor, esgotador, coluna de destilação, adsorvedor
Unit-operations tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code V.
∀x (MassTransferDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MassTransfer(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'mass-transfer device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'mass transfer'
x é um 'dispositivo de transferência de massa' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'transferência de massa'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a mechanical-separation operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de separação mecânica.
dispositivo de separação mecânica
mechanical-separation device
separador trifásico, ciclone, filtro, centrífuga
three-phase separator, cyclone, filter, centrifuge
∀x (MechanicalSeparationDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MechanicalSeparation(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'mechanical-separation device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'mechanical separation'
x é um 'dispositivo de separação mecânica' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'separação mecânica'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a chemical-reaction operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de reação química.
chemical reactor
reator químico
CSTR, plug-flow reactor, fixed-bed catalytic reactor
CSTR, reator de fluxo pistonado, reator catalítico de leito fixo
Unit-process tradition; ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 code H.
∀x (ChemicalReactor(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(ChemicalReaction(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'chemical reactor' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'chemical reaction'
x é um 'reator químico' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'reação química'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a phase-change operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de mudança de fase.
dispositivo de mudança de fase
phase-change device
evaporador, condensador, cristalizador
evaporator, condenser, crystalliser
∀x (PhaseChangeDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(PhaseChange(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'phase-change device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'phase change'
x é um 'dispositivo de mudança de fase' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'mudança de fase'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a material-containment operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de contenção de material.
containment device
dispositivo de contenção
storage tank, pressure vessel, accumulator
tanque de armazenamento, vaso de pressão, acumulador
∀x (ContainmentDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MaterialContainment(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'containment device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'material containment'
x é um 'dispositivo de contenção' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' alguma 'contenção de material'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in a flow-control operation.
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em uma operação de controle de fluxo.
dispositivo de controle de fluxo
flow-control device
control valve, shutoff valve, relief valve
válvula de controle, válvula de bloqueio, válvula de alívio
ISO 14224 Annex A; IEC 81346-2 codes Q, R, F.
∀x (FlowControlDevice(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(FlowControl(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'flow-control device' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'flow control'
x é um 'dispositivo de controle de fluxo' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' algum 'controle de fluxo'
A material artifact that bears a designed function realized in an iof-constr:MeasurementProcess (a planned process yielding an information output).
Um artefato material que porta uma função projetada realizada em um iof-constr:MeasurementProcess (um processo planejado que produz uma saída informacional).
instrumento de medição
measurement instrument
temperature/pressure/flow/level transmitter, composition analyzer
transmissor de temperatura/pressão/vazão/nível, analisador de composição
A medição distingue-se das categorias de transformação por produzir uma saída informacional em vez de material; reutiliza iof-constr:MeasurementProcess em vez de cunhar um processo COPI.
Measurement stands apart from the transformation categories in yielding an informational rather than a material output; it reuses iof-constr:MeasurementProcess instead of minting a COPI process.
∀x (MeasurementInstrument(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DesignedFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f) ∧ ∃p(MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))))
x is a 'measurement instrument' if and only if x is a 'material artifact' that 'has function' some 'designed function' that is 'realized in' some 'measurement process'
x é um 'instrumento de medição' se e somente se x é um 'artefato material' que 'tem função' alguma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' algum 'processo de medição'
An identity-giving designed function realized in a MaterialContainment process; the function of holding a fluid or solid material within a bounded volume.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de MaterialContainment; a função de manter um material fluido ou sólido dentro de um volume delimitado.
containment function
função de contenção
ContainmentFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(MaterialContainment(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → MaterialContainment(p))
OWL gives only necessary conditions; the some+only pair characterises the function for inference.
if f is a 'containment function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'material containment' and is 'realized in' only 'material containment' processes
se f é uma 'função de contenção' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos uma 'contenção de material' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'contenção de material'
An identity-giving designed function realized in a FlowControl process; the function of modulating, regulating, or blocking fluid flow.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de FlowControl; a função de modular, regular ou bloquear o escoamento de fluido.
flow control function
função de controle de fluxo
FlowControlFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(FlowControl(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → FlowControl(p))
An identity-giving designed function realized in a FlowControl process; the function of modulating, regulating, or blocking fluid flow through a conduit or vessel connection.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de FlowControl; a função de modular, regular ou bloquear o escoamento de fluido através de uma tubulação ou conexão de vaso.
if f is a 'flow control function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'flow control' and is 'realized in' only 'flow control' processes
se f é uma 'função de controle de fluxo' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'controle de fluxo' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'controle de fluxo'
An identity-giving designed function realized in a ProcessControlledFlowProcess; the function of opening or shutting a flow path in response to an external process control signal.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um ProcessControlledFlowProcess; a função de abrir ou fechar um caminho de escoamento em resposta a um sinal externo de controle de processo.
função de fluxo controlado por processo
process-controlled flow function
ProcessControlledFlowFunction(f) → FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(ProcessControlledFlowProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → ProcessControlledFlowProcess(p))
if f is a 'process-controlled flow function' then f is a 'flow control function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'process-controlled flow process' and only in such processes
se f é uma 'função de fluxo controlado por processo' então f é uma 'função de controle de fluxo' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de fluxo controlado por processo' e apenas em tais processos
An identity-giving designed function realized in a Measurement process; the function of converting a physical quantity into a locally readable display at the point of measurement.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de Medição; a função de converter uma grandeza física em uma exibição lida localmente no ponto de medição.
função de indicação
indication function
IndicationFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → MeasurementProcess(p))
if f is an 'indication function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'measurement process' and is 'realized in' only 'measurement process' processes
se f é uma 'função de indicação' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de medição' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'medição'
An identity-giving designed function realized in a sensing or measurement process; the function of detecting and converting a physical quantity into a usable signal or reading.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um processo de sensoreamento ou medição; a função de detectar e converter uma grandeza física em um sinal ou leitura utilizável.
função de instrumentação
instrumentation function
InstrumentationFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(MeasurementProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → MeasurementProcess(p))
if f is an 'instrumentation function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'measurement process' and is 'realized in' only 'measurement process' processes
se f é uma 'função de instrumentação' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de medição' e é 'realizada em' apenas processos de 'medição'
An identity-giving designed function realized in a SignalTransmissionProcess; the function of converting a sensed physical quantity into a standardized signal for remote reading, recording, or control.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SignalTransmissionProcess; a função de converter uma grandeza física sensoreada em um sinal padronizado para leitura remota, registro ou controle.
função de transmissão de sinal
signal transmission function
SignalTransmissionFunction(f) → InstrumentationFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(SignalTransmissionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → SignalTransmissionProcess(p))
An identity-giving designed function realized in a SignalTransmissionProcess; the function of converting a sensed physical quantity into a standardized electrical or pneumatic signal for remote reading, recording, or control.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SignalTransmissionProcess; a função de converter uma grandeza física sensoreada em um sinal elétrico ou pneumático padronizado para leitura remota, registro ou controle.
if f is a 'signal transmission function' then f is an 'instrumentation function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'signal transmission process' and only in such processes
se f é uma 'função de transmissão de sinal' então f é uma 'função de instrumentação' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de transmissão de sinal' e apenas em tais processos
An identity-giving designed function specialized to pressure measurement and transmission; the function of converting a sensed pressure value into a proportional standardized signal for remote reading or control.
Uma função projetada identitária especializada em medição e transmissão de pressão; a função de converter um valor de pressão sensoreado em um sinal padronizado proporcional para leitura ou controle remoto.
função de transmissão de pressão
pressure transmission function
PressureTransmissionFunction(f) → SignalTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(PressureMeasurementAndTransmissionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → PressureMeasurementAndTransmissionProcess(p))
if f is a 'pressure transmission function' then f is a 'signal transmission function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'pressure measurement and transmission process' and only in such processes
se f é uma 'função de transmissão de pressão' então f é uma 'função de transmissão de sinal' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de medição e transmissão de pressão' e apenas em tais processos
An identity-giving designed function realized in a SafetyReliefProcess; the function of preventing over-pressure conditions by automatically relieving fluid at a pre-set pressure set-point.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SafetyReliefProcess; a função de prevenir condições de sobrepressão aliviando automaticamente o fluido em um ponto de ajuste pré-definido.
função de alívio de segurança
safety relief function
SafetyReliefFunction(f) → DesignedFunction(f) ∧ ∃p(SafetyReliefProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p)) ∧ ∀p(realizedIn(f,p) → SafetyReliefProcess(p))
An identity-giving designed function realized in a SafetyReliefProcess; the function of preventing over-pressure conditions by automatically relieving fluid at a pre-set pressure set-point, or of isolating wellbore flow when conditions are unsafe.
Uma função projetada identitária realizada em um SafetyReliefProcess; a função de prevenir condições de sobrepressão aliviando automaticamente o fluido em um ponto de ajuste de pressão pré-definido, ou de isolar o escoamento de poço quando as condições são inseguras.
if f is a 'safety relief function' then f is a 'designed function' that is 'realized in' at least one 'safety relief process' and only in such processes
se f é uma 'função de alívio de segurança' então f é uma 'função projetada' que é 'realizada em' ao menos um 'processo de alívio de segurança' e apenas em tais processos
A FlowControl process in which flow through a conduit is opened, closed, or throttled in response to an external control signal from a process control system.
Um processo de FlowControl no qual o escoamento através de uma tubulação é aberto, fechado ou estrangulado em resposta a um sinal de controle externo de um sistema de controle de processo.
process-controlled flow process
processo de fluxo controlado por processo
ProcessControlledFlowProcess(x) → FlowControl(x)
The control-signal differentia (response to external signal) is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (FlowControl).
if x is a 'process-controlled flow process' then x is a 'flow control'
se x é um 'processo de fluxo controlado por processo' então x é um 'controle de fluxo'
A FlowControl process in which excess pressure is relieved by opening a flow path at a pre-set set-point, or in which wellbore flow is isolated to prevent blowout.
Um processo de FlowControl no qual a pressão excessiva é aliviada pela abertura de um caminho de escoamento em um ponto de ajuste pré-definido, ou no qual o escoamento de poço é isolado para prevenir erupção.
processo de alívio de segurança
safety relief process
The self-actuating or set-point differentia is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (FlowControl).
if x is a 'safety relief process' then x is a 'flow control'
se x é um 'processo de alívio de segurança' então x é um 'controle de fluxo'
A MeasurementProcess in which a sensed physical quantity is converted into a standardized signal and transmitted to a remote display, recorder, or control system.
Um MeasurementProcess no qual uma grandeza física sensoreada é convertida em um sinal padronizado e transmitida a um display remoto, registrador ou sistema de controle.
processo de transmissão de sinal
signal transmission process
SignalTransmissionProcess(x) → MeasurementProcess(x)
A MeasurementProcess (hence planned) in which a sensed physical quantity is converted into a standardized signal and transmitted to a remote display, recorder, or control system.
Um MeasurementProcess (portanto planejado) no qual uma grandeza física sensoreada é convertida em um sinal padronizado e transmitida a um display remoto, registrador ou sistema de controle.
The remote-transmission differentia is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (MeasurementProcess).
if x is a 'signal transmission process' then x is a 'measurement process'
se x é um 'processo de transmissão de sinal' então x é um 'processo de medição'
A MeasurementProcess in which differential or gauge pressure is sensed, converted to a proportional standardized signal, and transmitted to a remote reading or control device.
Um MeasurementProcess no qual a pressão diferencial ou manométrica é sensoreada, convertida em um sinal padronizado proporcional e transmitida a um dispositivo de leitura ou controle remoto.
pressure measurement and transmission process
processo de medição e transmissão de pressão
PressureMeasurementAndTransmissionProcess(x) → MeasurementProcess(x)
A MeasurementProcess (hence planned) in which differential or gauge pressure is sensed, converted to a proportional standardized signal, and transmitted to a remote reading or control device.
Um MeasurementProcess (portanto planejado) no qual a pressão diferencial ou manométrica é sensoreada, convertida em um sinal padronizado proporcional e transmitida a um dispositivo de leitura ou controle remoto.
The pressure-specificity and remote-transmission differentia are expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (MeasurementProcess). The compound name (P07 per OOPS!) reflects a genuine integrated process in industrial instrumentation: sensing and transmission are inseparable in a pressure transmitter.
if x is a 'pressure measurement and transmission process' then x is a 'measurement process'
se x é um 'processo de medição e transmissão de pressão' então x é um 'processo de medição'
A bounded portion of matter in a fluid state (gaseous, liquid, or supercritical) that participates in an equipment-realizing process as input, output, or transformed substance.
Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado fluido que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento como entrada, saída ou substância transformada.
portion of fluid
porção de fluido
Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado fluido (gasoso, líquido ou supercrítico) que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento como entrada, saída ou substância transformada.
if x is a 'portion of fluid' then x is a 'material entity'
se x é uma 'porção de fluido' então x é uma 'entidade material'
A portion of fluid in liquid phase.
Uma porção de fluido em fase líquida.
portion of liquid
porção de líquido
if x is a 'portion of liquid' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
se x é uma 'porção de líquido' então x é uma 'porção de fluido'
A portion of fluid in gaseous phase.
Uma porção de fluido em fase gasosa.
portion of gas
porção de gás
if x is a 'portion of gas' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
se x é uma 'porção de gás' então x é uma 'porção de fluido'
A bounded portion of matter in a solid state that participates in an equipment-realizing process (filtered contaminants, particulate input, solid product).
Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado sólido que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento.
portion of solid
porção de sólido
Uma porção delimitada de matéria em estado sólido que participa em um processo realizado por equipamento (contaminantes filtrados, entrada particulada, produto sólido).
if x is a 'portion of solid' then x is a 'material entity'
se x é uma 'porção de sólido' então x é uma 'entidade material'
A liquid phase whose function is to absorb target components from a gas stream by physical or chemical means.
Uma fase líquida cuja função é absorver componentes alvo de uma corrente de gás por meios físicos ou químicos.
absorbent phase
fase absorvente
if x is an 'absorbent phase' then x is a 'portion of liquid'
se x é uma 'fase absorvente' então x é uma 'porção de líquido'
An absorbent phase that has absorbed target components from a gas stream and is loaded for regeneration.
Uma fase absorvente que absorveu componentes alvo de uma corrente de gás e está carregada para regeneração.
absorvente rico
rich absorbent
if x is a 'rich absorbent' then x is an 'absorbent phase'
se x é um 'absorvente rico' então x é uma 'fase absorvente'
A fluid from which target components have been removed or transferred during a treatment process.
Um fluido do qual componentes alvo foram removidos ou transferidos durante um processo de tratamento.
depleted fluid
fluido esgotado
if x is a 'depleted fluid' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
se x é um 'fluido esgotado' então x é uma 'porção de fluido'
A fluid portion consisting of two or more components or phases that have not yet been fully separated.
Uma porção fluida composta por dois ou mais componentes ou fases que ainda não foram completamente separados.
fluid mixture
mistura fluida
if x is a 'fluid mixture' then x is a 'portion of fluid'
se x é uma 'mistura fluida' então x é uma 'porção de fluido'
An information content entity that conveys an instruction or set-point to a control device.
Uma entidade de conteúdo informacional que transmite uma instrução ou ponto de ajuste a um dispositivo de controle.
control signal
sinal de controle
ControlSignal(x) → InformationContentEntity(x)
if x is a 'control signal' then x is an 'information content entity'
se x é um 'sinal de controle' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional'
An information content entity perceptible through visual representation at the point of measurement or display.
Uma entidade de conteúdo informacional perceptível por representação visual no ponto de medição ou display.
indicação visual
visual indication
VisualIndication(x) → InformationContentEntity(x)
if x is a 'visual indication' then x is an 'information content entity'
se x é uma 'indicação visual' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional'
Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de temperatura de alguma entidade material.
Measurement information content entity describing a temperature quality of some material entity.
resultado de medição de temperatura
temperature measurement result
TemperatureMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Temperature(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
if x is a 'temperature measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'temperature'
se x é um 'resultado de medição de temperatura' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'temperatura'
Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de pressão de alguma entidade material ou fluido.
Measurement information content entity describing a pressure quality of some material entity or fluid.
pressure measurement result
resultado de medição de pressão
PressureMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Pressure(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
if x is a 'pressure measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'pressure'
se x é um 'resultado de medição de pressão' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'pressão'
Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de taxa de vazão de uma corrente fluida.
Measurement information content entity describing a flow rate quality of a fluid stream.
flow measurement result
resultado de medição de vazão
FlowMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(FlowRate(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
if x is a 'flow measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'flow rate'
se x é um 'resultado de medição de vazão' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'taxa de vazão'
Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve uma qualidade de nível de líquido de um vaso ou recipiente.
Measurement information content entity describing a liquid level quality of a vessel or container.
level measurement result
resultado de medição de nível
LevelMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Level(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
if x is a 'level measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'level'
se x é um 'resultado de medição de nível' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' algum 'nível'
Entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição que descreve a qualidade de composição química ou de fases de uma substância.
Measurement information content entity describing the chemical or phase composition quality of a substance.
composition measurement result
resultado de medição de composição
CompositionMeasurementResult(x) → MeasurementInformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃q(Composition(q) ∧ describes(x,q))
if x is a 'composition measurement result' then x is a 'measurement information content entity' that 'describes' some 'composition'
se x é um 'resultado de medição de composição' então x é uma 'entidade de conteúdo informacional de medição' que 'descreve' alguma 'composição'
A quality inhering in a material entity that represents the intensity of thermal energy of that entity.
Uma qualidade inerente a uma entidade material que representa a intensidade de energia térmica dessa entidade.
temperatura
temperature
if q is a 'temperature' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'temperatura' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a fluid or solid that represents the force per unit area exerted by the substance on its boundary.
Uma qualidade inerente a um fluido ou sólido que representa a força por unidade de área exercida pela substância em seu limite.
pressure
pressão
if q is a 'pressure' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'pressão' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a fluid stream that represents the volume or mass of fluid passing a cross-section per unit time.
Uma qualidade inerente a uma corrente fluida que representa o volume ou massa de fluido passando por uma seção transversal por unidade de tempo.
flow rate
taxa de vazão
if q is a 'flow rate' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'taxa de vazão' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a vessel or container that represents the height of a liquid surface above a reference datum.
Uma qualidade inerente a um vaso ou recipiente que representa a altura da superfície líquida acima de um datum de referência.
level
nível
if q is a 'level' then q is a 'quality'
se q é um 'nível' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a mixture or stream that represents the proportions of its constituent components or phases.
Uma qualidade inerente a uma mistura ou corrente que representa as proporções de seus componentes ou fases constituintes.
composition
composição
if q is a 'composition' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'composição' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a mechanical system that represents oscillatory motion or periodic displacement from an equilibrium position.
Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema mecânico que representa o movimento oscilatório ou deslocamento periódico de uma posição de equilíbrio.
vibration
vibração
if q is a 'vibration' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'vibração' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in an electrical system that represents the rate of electrical energy transfer.
Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema elétrico que representa a taxa de transferência de energia elétrica.
electrical power
potência elétrica
if q is an 'electrical power' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'potência elétrica' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a rotating or reciprocating mechanical system that represents the rate of mechanical work.
Uma qualidade inerente a um sistema mecânico rotativo ou alternativo que representa a taxa de trabalho mecânico.
mechanical power
potência mecânica
if q is a 'mechanical power' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'potência mecânica' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a rotating element that represents the number of complete revolutions per unit time.
Uma qualidade inerente a um elemento rotativo que representa o número de rotações completas por unidade de tempo.
rotational speed
velocidade de rotação
if q is a 'rotational speed' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'velocidade de rotação' então q é uma 'qualidade'
função de bombeamento
pumping function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of mechanical energy to a fluid to increase its pressure, velocity, or both.
compression function
função de compressão
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the compression of a gas stream to increase its pressure for transport, injection, or processing.
função de transferência de calor
heat transfer function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a HeatTransferProcess and that consists in facilitating the transfer of thermal energy between two or more fluid media while maintaining their physical separation.
função de absorção de gás
gas absorption function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the selective transfer of gaseous components from a gas phase into a liquid absorbent phase.
função de sensoriamento de temperatura
temperature sensing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection and measurement of the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface.
bomba
pump
A pump is an assembly that bears the designed function of adding mechanical energy to fluid for pressurization and transport.
∀x (Pump(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f (PumpingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Uma bomba é um conjunto que possui a função projetada de adicionar energia mecânica ao fluido para pressurização e transporte.
Every pump is an assembly that has the function of pumping fluid
compressor
A compressor is an assembly that bears the designed function of compressing gases by adding mechanical energy to increase their pressure.
∀x (Compressor(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(CompressionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um compressor é um conjunto que possui a função projetada de comprimir gases através da adição de energia mecânica para aumentar sua pressão.
Every compressor is an assembly that bears a compression function and has component parts including a compressor casing, compression element, gas inlet, and gas outlet.
shell and tube heat exchanger
trocador de calor de casco e tubos
A shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle spatially contained within a surrounding shell.
ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃tb(TubeBundle(tb) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,tb)) ∧ ∃s(Shell(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ spatiallyContains(s,tb))
Um trocador de calor de casco e tubos é um trocador de calor que possui um feixe de tubos contido espacialmente dentro de um casco envolvente.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type to avoid false positives under OWA. Any equipment with a shell and tube bundle could theoretically be classified as a standard shell-and-tube heat exchanger, but specialized variants (like graphite shell-and-tube or custom multi-stream designs) should not be automatically forced into this maintenance category without domain expert validation.
Every shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle as component part and has a shell as component part, where the tube bundle is spatially contained within the shell.
absorber
absorvedor
An absorber is a pressure vessel that realizes an absorption function for selective mass transfer of components from a fluid mixture into an absorbent phase.
∀x(Absorber(x) ↔ (PressureVessel(x) ∧ ∃f(GasAbsorptionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um absorvedor é um vaso de pressão que realiza uma função de absorção para transferência seletiva de massa de componentes de uma mistura fluida para uma fase absorvente.
Every absorber is a pressure vessel that has a gas-absorption function whose realization absorbs specific components from a fluid mixture through mass transfer to an absorbent phase
elemento de temperatura
temperature element
A temperature element is an instrument that bears a temperature sensing function.
∀x(TemperatureElement(x) ↔ DetectingElement(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureSensingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um elemento de temperatura é um instrumento que possui uma função de sensoreamento de temperatura.
Every temperature element is a detecting element that has the function to sense temperature
valve
válvula
A valve is an assembly that bears a flow control function to permit, obstruct, regulate, or divert fluid streams.
∀x(Valve(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma válvula é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluxo para permitir, obstruir, regular ou desviar correntes de fluido.
Might be too restrictive to define as sufficient being a material artifact and having a flow control function.
Every valve is a material artifact that has the function to control fluid flow by permitting, obstructing, regulating, or diverting fluid streams.
corpo de válvula
valve body
A ValveComponent that bears a ContainmentFunction and that serves as the main fluid and pressure containing component of a valve, housing and supporting the working components.
∀x(ValveBody(x) → ValveComponent(x) ∧ ∃f(ContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃y(WorkingComponent(y) ∧ houses(x,y)))
Um ValveComponent que porta uma ContainmentFunction e que serve como o principal componente de contenção de fluido e pressão de uma válvula, alojando e suportando os componentes de trabalho.
Constructive type - the structural characteristics of being the main pressure-containing housing component are necessary conditions but may not be sufficient under OWA, as various specialized valve body configurations exist that might contain additional components or have hybrid designs that could lead to false positive classifications.
Every valve body is a valve component that contains and supports valve working components and bears the function of fluid and pressure containment.
assento
seat
A MaterialArtifact that has a sealing surface component and participates in valve closing processes, consisting in that part of a valve against which the closure element bears to provide tight shutoff.
∀x(Seat(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃y(SealingSurface(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(ValveClosingProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
Um MaterialArtifact que possui um componente de superfície de vedação e participa em processos de fechamento de válvulas, consistindo na parte da válvula contra a qual o elemento de fechamento se apoia para proporcionar vedação hermética.
Constructive type based on physical configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for 'seat' based solely on structural properties could lead to false positives where other valve components with sealing surfaces are incorrectly classified as seats.
Every Seat is a MaterialArtifact that has some sealing surface component at all times and participates in some valve closing process.
filter
filtro
A filter is a separator that bears a filtration function to selectively remove unwanted constituents from a fluid stream using a filter element within a filter housing.
∀x(Filter(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(FiltrationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(FilterElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)) ∧ ∃h(FilterHousing(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h))))
Um filtro é um separador que possui uma função de filtração para remover seletivamente constituintes indesejados de um fluxo de fluido usando um elemento filtrante dentro de um alojamento de filtro.
Every filter is a separator that has a filtration function and has a filter element as component part and has a filter housing as component part
MeasuringElement que possui uma FlowMeasurementFunction e
flow measuring element
A MeasuringElement that bears a FlowMeasurementFunction and that is designed to determine and quantify the rate of fluid flow through a system.
∀x(FlowMeasuringElement(x) ↔ (MeasuringElement(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um MeasuringElement que possui uma FlowMeasurementFunction e que é projetado para determinar e quantificar a taxa de fluxo de fluido através de um sistema.
Every FlowMeasuringElement is a MeasuringElement that bears a FlowMeasurementFunction
MaterialArtifact que possui uma FlowModificationFunction e
flow modification accessory
A MaterialArtifact that bears a FlowModificationFunction and that is used as a component in flow control assemblies to alter the characteristics of fluid flow such as velocity profile, turbulence, or pressure distribution.
∀x(FlowModificationAccessory(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowModificationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma FlowModificationFunction e que é usado como componente em conjuntos de controle de fluxo para alterar as características do fluxo de fluido, como perfil de velocidade, turbulência ou distribuição de pressão.
Every flow modification accessory is a MaterialArtifact that bears a FlowModificationFunction and participates in processes that alter fluid flow characteristics.
separador
separator
A separator is a vessel that bears a SeparationFunction - designed to separate different substances or phases from a mixed fluid stream into distinct output streams.
∀x (Separator(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f (SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um separador é um vaso que possui uma FunçãoDeSeparação - projetado para separar diferentes substâncias ou fases de uma corrente fluida mista em correntes de saída distintas.
Every separator is a vessel that has the function of separating mixed fluid streams into distinct phases or components.
sight glass
visor
An Instrument that bears a VisualInspectionFunction and that consists in a transparent viewing interface that enables direct optical observation of internal conditions, fluid properties, or process states within containers, vessels, or piping systems.
∀x(SightGlass(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(VisualInspectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um Instrumento que porta uma VisualInspectionFunction e que consiste em uma interface de visualização transparente que permite observação óptica direta de condições internas, propriedades de fluidos ou estados de processo dentro de recipientes, vasos ou sistemas de tubulação.
Every sight glass is an instrument that bears a visual inspection function and enables direct optical observation of process internals through a transparent viewing interface.
transformador
transformer
A transformer is an electrical equipment that transforms electrical power from one circuit to another at the same frequency through electromagnetic induction using windings and a magnetic core.
Um transformador é um equipamento elétrico que transforma energia elétrica de um circuito para outro na mesma frequência através de indução eletromagnética usando enrolamentos e um núcleo magnético.
control valve
válvula de controle
A control valve is a valve that modulates flow rate in response to external control signals by means of an actuator-driven closure element.
Uma válvula de controle é uma válvula que modula a vazão em resposta a sinais de controle externos por meio de um elemento de fechamento acionado por atuador.
isolation valve
válvula de isolamento
A material artifact that bears a binary flow control function whose realization constitutes the complete opening or closing of a flow path to isolate a process segment in petroleum production equipment.
Green & Southard (eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 9th ed. §11 (heat transfer).
ODR-016 §A (HeatExchange leaf, Nível 2 Incremento 1a)
A heat-transfer operation in which thermal energy is exchanged between two or more fluid streams, typically separated by a solid heat-transfer surface, without mixing those streams.
Uma operação de transferência de calor na qual energia térmica é trocada entre dois ou mais fluidos, tipicamente separados por uma superfície sólida de troca de calor, sem mistura dessas correntes.
heat exchange
troca de calor
McCabe, Smith & Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 8th ed. §11–12 (heat transfer without/with phase change).
∀x (HeatExchange(x) ↔ HeatTransfer(x) ∧ ∃f1,f2,f3,f4(hasInput(x,f1) ∧ Fluid(f1) ∧ hasInput(x,f2) ∧ Fluid(f2) ∧ f1≠f2 ∧ hasOutput(x,f3) ∧ Fluid(f3) ∧ hasOutput(x,f4) ∧ Fluid(f4) ∧ f3≠f4 ∧ derivesFrom(f3,f1) ∧ derivesFrom(f4,f2) ∧ ¬∃c3(hasConstituent(f3,c3) ∧ ¬∃c1(hasConstituent(f1,c1) ∧ sameSubstance(c1,c3))) ∧ ¬∃c4(hasConstituent(f4,c4) ∧ ¬∃c2(hasConstituent(f2,c2) ∧ sameSubstance(c2,c4)))))
Although a full first-order definition is available, OWL 2 DL carries only the genus (HeatTransfer); the pair-wise input–output correspondence (derivesFrom linking each output to its source input) and the cross-stream composition conservation (no constituent transferred between streams) are FOL-only constructs that exceed OWL 2 DL expressivity.
Embora exista uma definição de primeira ordem completa, o OWL 2 DL carrega apenas o gênero (HeatTransfer); a correspondência par-a-par entrada–saída (derivesFrom ligando cada saída à sua entrada de origem) e a conservação de composição entre correntes (nenhum constituinte transferido entre as correntes) são construtos apenas-FOL que excedem a expressividade do OWL 2 DL.
x is a 'heat exchange' if and only if x is a 'heat transfer' in which two distinct fluid inputs each give rise to a corresponding fluid output of identical composition, with no constituent transferred between streams
x é uma 'troca de calor' se e somente se x é uma 'transferência de calor' na qual dois fluidos de entrada distintos dão origem cada um a um fluido de saída correspondente de composição idêntica, sem transferência de constituinte entre as correntes
pressure vessel
vaso de pressão
A pressure vessel is a vessel that bears a pressure containment function, designed to safely withstand internal and/or external pressure loads.
∀x (PressureVessel(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um vaso de pressão é um vaso que possui uma função de contenção sob pressão, projetado para suportar com segurança cargas de pressão internas e/ou externas.
Every pressure vessel is a vessel that has a pressure containment function, and every vessel with a pressure containment function is a pressure vessel.
A material artifact designed to sense, measure, or indicate a physical quantity of a process stream or plant item.
Um artefato material projetado para detectar, medir ou indicar uma grandeza física de uma corrente de processo ou item de planta.
instrument
instrumento
An instrument is a material artifact that has the designed function to perform measurement, monitoring, or control of process variables.
∀x (Instrument(x) → MaterialArtifact(x))
∀x(Instrument(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(InstrumentationFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f))))
Um instrumento é um artefato material que tem a função projetada de realizar medição, monitoramento ou controle de variáveis de processo.
A diferença estrutural de detecção-ou-medição é expressa informalmente na NLD; OWL carrega apenas o gênero (MaterialArtifact). O eixo estrutural (Instrument) é ortogonal ao eixo funcional (MeasurementInstrument); um artefato é ambos simultaneamente — intencional (ODR-018).
The sensing-or-measuring structural differentia is expressed informally in the NLD; OWL carries only the genus (MaterialArtifact). The structural axis (Instrument) is orthogonal to the functional axis (MeasurementInstrument); an artifact is both simultaneously — intended (ODR-018).
Every instrument is a material artifact that has an instrumentation function, and every material artifact that has an instrumentation function is an instrument.
if x is an 'instrument' then x is a 'material artifact'
se x é um 'instrumento', então x é um 'artefato material'
heat exchanger
trocador de calor
A heat exchanger is a pressure vessel that bears the designed function of transferring thermal energy between two or more fluid streams while maintaining their separation.
∀x (HeatExchanger(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(HeatTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um trocador de calor é um vaso de pressão que possui a função projetada de transferir energia térmica entre duas ou mais correntes de fluido mantendo sua separação.
Every heat exchanger is an assembly that has the function of heat transfer and has component parts including heat transfer surfaces and fluid passages for separated streams.
angle valve
válvula angular
An angle valve is a valve that has valve ports which are not in-line but arranged at an angle to each other.
∀x (AngleValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃p (hasPart(x,p) ∧ NonInlinePortArrangement(p)))
Uma válvula angular é uma válvula que tem portas da válvula que não estão alinhadas, mas dispostas em ângulo uma em relação à outra.
Constructive type defined by geometric configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for non-inline port arrangement could lead to false positives where complex multi-port manifolds or specialized valves with angular components get incorrectly classified as standard angle valves.
Every angle valve is a valve that has a non-inline port arrangement.
ball control valve
válvula de controle esférica
A ball control valve is a control valve that uses a spherical ball closure element with rotary actuation to modulate fluid flow in response to control signals.
∀x(BallControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃b(BallClosure(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b)) ∧ ∃a(RotaryActuator(a) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,a)))
Uma válvula de controle esférica é uma válvula de controle que usa um elemento de fechamento esférico com atuação rotativa para modular o fluxo de fluido em resposta a sinais de controle.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive subtype. While the ball closure mechanism is structurally distinctive, declaring equivalence could force classification of complex multi-way valves or specialized manifolds containing ball elements as standard ball control valves, which may not align with industrial maintenance categories.
BallControlValve SubClassOf ControlValve and hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some BallClosure and hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some RotaryActuator
ball valve
válvula esfera
A ball valve is a valve that controls fluid flow using a spherical ball closure member that rotates approximately 90 degrees to align or misalign its flow passage with the valve body ports.
∀x(BallValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(BallClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(RotationalMotionProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
Uma válvula esfera é uma válvula que controla o fluxo de fluidos usando um elemento de fechamento esférico que gira aproximadamente 90 graus para alinhar ou desalinhar sua passagem de fluxo com as portas do corpo da válvula.
As a constructive type defined by physical mechanism, sufficient conditions are omitted to avoid false positives under Open World Assumption. Complex multi-way valves or specialized equipment containing ball mechanisms should not be automatically classified as standard ball valves without domain expert validation.
Every ball valve is a valve that has a ball closure component and participates in rotational motion processes
block and bleed valve
válvula de bloqueio e sangria
A block and bleed valve is a valve that has one seat which provides a seal, and a bleeder line and valve that are tapped into the valve bonnet for controlled venting of downstream pressure.
∀x(BlockAndBleedValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃s(SingleSeat(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃l(BleederLine(l) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,l)) ∧ ∃v(BleederValve(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v)))
Uma válvula de bloqueio e sangria é uma válvula que possui um assento que fornece vedação, e uma linha de sangria e válvula que são conectadas ao castelo da válvula para ventilação controlada da pressão a jusante.
Constructive types require necessary conditions only due to Open World Assumption. The structural differentia (single seat + bleeder system) could theoretically be present in specialized equipment that should not be classified as a standard block and bleed valve without domain expert validation.
Every block and bleed valve is a valve that has component parts: exactly one seat, a bleeder line, and a bleeder valve integrated into the bonnet.
blow down valve
válvula de blow down
A blow down valve is a valve that bears a designed function for rapid depressurization of high pressure systems.
∀x (BlowDownValve(x) ↔ Valve(x) ∧ ∃f (RapidDepressurizationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma válvula de blow down é uma válvula que possui uma função projetada para despressurização rápida de sistemas de alta pressão.
Every blow down valve is a valve that has the function of rapid depressurization.
blower
soprador
A blower is a compressor that compresses and supplies air or gas at medium pressure and medium volume flow.
∀x (Blower(x) ↔ (Compressor(x) ∧ ∃f,p,v (CompressionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f) ∧ MediumPressureRange(p) ∧ MediumVolumeFlowRange(v) ∧ hasOperatingParameter(x,p) ∧ hasOperatingParameter(x,v))))
Um soprador é um compressor que comprime e fornece ar ou gás em pressão média e vazão volumétrica média.
Every blower is a compressor that has the function of compressing gas and operates at medium pressure and medium volume flow ranges.
butterfly control valve
válvula borboleta de controle
A butterfly control valve is a control valve that has a rotating disc closure mechanism and bears a process-controlled flow function enabling automated flow modulation in response to external control signals.
∀x(ButterflyControlValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃d(RotatingDisc(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃a(Actuator(a) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,a)) ∧ ∃f(ProcessControlledFlowFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma válvula borboleta de controle é uma válvula de controle que possui um mecanismo de fechamento por disco rotativo e possui uma função de fluxo controlado por processo, permitindo modulação automatizada do fluxo em resposta a sinais de controle externos.
This is a constructive type that combines two existing differentia (butterfly mechanism + control function). Under OWA, providing sufficient conditions could lead to false positives where any valve with both a rotating disc and control capability would be classified as this specific type, even if it has additional specialized features or hybrid mechanisms.
Every butterfly control valve is a valve that has-component-part-at-all-times some rotating disc and has-component-part-at-all-times some actuator and bearer-of some process-controlled flow function.
butterfly valve
válvula borboleta
A butterfly valve is a valve that has a disc-type closure member with a shaft parallel to the plane of the disc and an axis of rotation transverse to the flow direction.
∀x (ButterflyValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(DiscTypeClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(TransverseRotationAxis(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
Uma válvula borboleta é uma válvula que possui um membro de fechamento tipo disco com haste paralela ao plano do disco e eixo de rotação transversal à direção do fluxo.
This is a constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under the Open World Assumption, any artifact with a disc-type closure and transverse rotation axis would be forced into the ButterflyValve class, including specialized hybrid equipment or custom manifolds containing butterfly mechanisms that should not be classified as standard butterfly valves for maintenance purposes.
Every butterfly valve is a valve that has a disc-type closure member and has a transverse rotation axis.
centrifugal compressor
compressor centrífugo
A centrifugal compressor is a compressor that uses one or more centrifugal impellers to accelerate gas through radial flow and generate pressure increase by centrifugal action.
∀x (CentrifugalCompressor(x) → Compressor(x) ∧ ∃i(CentrifugalImpeller(i) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,i)) ∧ ∃p(RadialFlowPattern(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Um compressor centrífugo é um compressor que usa um ou mais impelidores centrífugos para acelerar o gás através de fluxo radial e gerar aumento de pressão por ação centrífuga.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type because under OWA, any equipment with a centrifugal impeller could be incorrectly classified as a standard centrifugal compressor, including specialized hybrid equipment or multi-stage systems that contain centrifugal elements but should not be forced into this maintenance category. Domain expert validation needed to confirm structural differentia is sufficient.
Every centrifugal compressor is a compressor that has component part at all times some centrifugal impeller and participates in some radial flow pattern.
bomba centrífuga
centrifugal pump
A centrifugal pump is a pump that uses centrifugal force generated by rotating impellers with vanes to increase fluid pressure through a volute casing.
∀x(CentrifugalPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃y(CentrifugalImpeller(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(VoluteCasing(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
Uma bomba centrífuga é uma bomba que usa força centrífuga gerada por impulsores rotativos com pás para aumentar a pressão do fluido através de uma carcaça voluta.
Constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any equipment with centrifugal impellers and volute casing could be inferred as a standard centrifugal pump, potentially misclassifying specialized hybrid equipment or complex pump systems that contain centrifugal stages but serve different operational roles.
Every centrifugal pump is a pump that has a centrifugal impeller as component part at all times and has a volute casing as component part at all times.
check valve
válvula de retenção
A check valve is a valve that bears a backflow prevention function, automatically permitting fluid to flow in one direction only while preventing reverse flow.
∀x(CheckValve(x) ↔ Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(BackflowPreventionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma válvula de retenção é uma válvula que possui uma função de prevenção de refluxo, permitindo automaticamente que o fluido flua em apenas uma direção enquanto previne o fluxo reverso.
Every check valve is a valve that has the function to prevent backflow and automatically allow unidirectional fluid flow.
choke control valve
válvula de controle de choke
A choke control valve is a control valve that has a choke geometry component for pressure reduction through flow restriction.
∀x (ChokeControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃y (ChokeGeometry(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
Uma válvula de controle de choke é uma válvula de controle que possui um componente de geometria de choke para redução de pressão através de restrição de fluxo.
Using necessary conditions because this is classified as 'both' functional and constructive. The constructive differentia (choke geometry) makes it safer to use necessary conditions to avoid forcing all valves with choke components into this specific control category under the Open World Assumption.
Every choke control valve is a control valve that has a choke geometry component at all times.
choke valve
válvula choke
A choke valve is a valve that bears a pressure reduction function, designed to reduce fluid pressure from inlet to outlet through controlled flow restriction and energy dissipation.
∀x (ChokeValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureReductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Uma válvula choke é uma válvula que possui uma função de redução de pressão, projetada para reduzir a pressão do fluido da entrada para a saída através de restrição controlada do fluxo e dissipação de energia.
Every choke valve is a valve that bears a pressure reduction function and has a flow restriction element as component part at all times.
circuit breaker
disjuntor
A circuit breaker is a material artifact that bears an electrical current interruption function and regularly participates in processes that safely interrupt electrical current.
Um disjuntor é um dispositivo de chaveamento elétrico que possui uma função de interrupção de corrente elétrica e participa regularmente em processos que interrompem com segurança a corrente elétrica.
coalescedor
coalescer
A coalescer is a separator that uses coalescence media to promote droplet merger in immiscible liquid mixtures, enabling gravity-based separation where the less dense liquid phase can be skimmed off.
∀x (Coalescer(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(CoalescenceFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(GravitySeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃o(SkimmableLiquidPortion(o) ∧ hasOutput(x,o))))
Um coalescedor é um separador que usa meio de coalescência para promover a fusão de gotículas em misturas líquidas imiscíveis, permitindo separação por gravidade onde a fase líquida menos densa pode ser removida por escumação.
Every coalescer is a separator that bears a coalescence function and participates in gravity separation processes to produce skimmable liquid portions.
diaphragm valve
válvula de diafragma
A diaphragm valve is a valve that uses a resilient diaphragm forced against a port as its closure mechanism to control fluid flow.
∀x (DiaphragmValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃d,p (ResilientDiaphragm(d) ∧ Port(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
Uma válvula de diafragma é uma válvula que usa um diafragma resiliente forçado contra uma porta como seu mecanismo de fechamento para controlar o fluxo de fluido.
Since this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism (diaphragm closure), necessary conditions are used to avoid over-classification under the Open World Assumption. Not every equipment with a diaphragm component should automatically be classified as a diaphragm valve - the structural differentia requires domain validation.
Every diaphragm valve is a valve that has a resilient diaphragm as component part and has a port as component part and participates in diaphragm closure processes.
differential pressure gauge
manômetro de pressão diferencial
A differential pressure gauge is a pressure gauge that measures and indicates the difference between two pressure inputs using a differential pressure measuring element.
∀x (DifferentialPressureGauge(x) ↔ PressureGauge(x) ∧ ∃f(DifferentialPressureMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(DifferentialPressureMeasuringElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)) ∧ ∃p(PressurePortPair(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
Um manômetro de pressão diferencial é um manômetro que mede e indica a diferença entre duas entradas de pressão usando um elemento de medição de pressão diferencial.
Every differential pressure gauge is a pressure gauge that bears a DifferentialPressureMeasurementFunction and has component parts including a DifferentialPressureMeasuringElement and PressurePortPair.
differential pressure transmitter
transmissor de pressão diferencial
A differential pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that bears a differential pressure transmission function, enabling it to measure the pressure difference between two input pressure signals and transmit this difference as a standardized output signal.
∀x (DifferentialPressureTransmitter(x) ↔ PressureTransmitter(x) ∧ ∃f (DifferentialPressureTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um transmissor de pressão diferencial é um transmissor de pressão que possui uma função de transmissão de pressão diferencial, permitindo medir a diferença de pressão entre dois sinais de pressão de entrada e transmitir essa diferença como um sinal de saída padronizado.
Every differential pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that bears a differential pressure transmission function
double block and bleed valve
válvula de bloqueio duplo e sangria
A double block and bleed valve is a valve that incorporates two seats each providing sealing capability and includes a means of venting the space between the seats.
∀x (DoubleBlockAndBleedValve(x) → (Valve(x) ∧ ∃p,s,b (PrimarySeat(p) ∧ SecondarySeat(s) ∧ BleedPort(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b))))
Uma válvula de bloqueio duplo e sangria é uma válvula que incorpora duas sedes, cada uma proporcionando capacidade de vedação, e inclui um meio de ventilação do espaço entre as sedes.
Constructive basis - the structural differentia (dual seats plus bleed port) defines necessary conditions, but under OWA we cannot assert that ANY artifact with these structural components is definitively a double block and bleed valve, as specialized multi-way valves or custom manifolds might contain similar mechanisms without being standard maintenance categories.
Every double block and bleed valve is a valve that has a primary seat and has a secondary seat and has a bleed port.
down hole safety valve
válvula de segurança de fundo de poço
A down hole safety valve is a safety valve that bears a subsurface safety function for pressure relief and flow control operations in wellbore or other subsurface environments.
∀x(DownHoleSafetyValve(x) ↔ SafetyValve(x) ∧ ∃f(SubsurfaceSafetyFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(SubsurfaceOperationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Uma válvula de segurança de fundo de poço é uma válvula de segurança que possui uma função de segurança subsuperficial para operações de alívio de pressão e controle de fluxo em poços ou outros ambientes subsuperficiais.
Every down hole safety valve is a safety valve that bears a SubsurfaceSafetyFunction and participates in SubsurfaceOperationProcess
electric motor
motor elétrico
An electric motor is an assembly that bears an electric-to-mechanical energy conversion function and has both a stator and rotor as essential components.
ElectricMotor(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ElectricToMechanicalConversionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(Stator(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃r(Rotor(r) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r))
Um motor elétrico é um conjunto que possui uma função de conversão de energia elétrica para mecânica e tem tanto um estator quanto um rotor como componentes essenciais.
Every electric motor is an assembly that bears an electric-to-mechanical conversion function and has component parts including a stator and rotor at all times.
emergency shut down valve
válvula de parada de emergência
An emergency shut down valve is a valve that bears an emergency shut down function, enabling rapid flow isolation in emergency situations through actuated mechanisms with fail-safe capability.
∀x (EmergencyShutDownValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(EmergencyShutDownFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Uma válvula de parada de emergência é uma válvula que possui uma função de parada de emergência, permitindo o isolamento rápido de fluxo em situações de emergência através de mecanismos atuados com capacidade à prova de falhas.
Every emergency shut down valve is a valve that has an emergency shut down function and has an actuator and has a fail-safe system.
fan
ventilador
A fan is an assembly that bears a gas movement function for delivering or exhausting volumes of vapor or gas at low differential pressure.
∀x(Fan(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(GasMovementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um ventilador é um conjunto que possui uma função de movimentação de gás para fornecer ou exaurir volumes de vapor ou gás com baixa pressão diferencial.
Every fan is an assembly that bears a gas movement function, and every assembly that bears a gas movement function is a fan.
elemento de vazão
flow element
A flow element is an instrument that has the function to measure flow rates in a flowstream and produce signals proportional to the measured flow.
∀x(FlowElement(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um elemento de vazão é um instrumento que tem a função de medir vazões em um fluxo e produzir sinais proporcionais à vazão medida.
Every flow element is an instrument that bears a FlowMeasurementFunction and has component parts including a FlowSensingElement and SignalGenerationComponent.
flow indicator
indicador de fluxo
A flow indicator is an indicator that is designed to indicate flow rates using a flow measuring element and display element.
∀x (FlowIndicator(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowIndicationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(FlowMeasuringElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtSomeTime(x,e)) ∧ ∃d(DisplayElement(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d))))
Um indicador de fluxo é um indicador projetado para indicar taxas de fluxo usando um elemento de medição de fluxo e elemento de exibição.
Every flow indicator is an instrument that bears a flow indication function and has a flow measuring element and display element as component parts.
flow transmitter
transmissor de fluxo
A flow transmitter is a transmitter that produces standardized output signals proportional to flow measurements from flow sensing elements.
Um transmissor de fluxo é um transmissor que produz sinais de saída padronizados proporcionais às medições de fluxo provenientes de elementos sensores de fluxo.
gate control valve
válvula de controle tipo gaveta
A gate control valve is a control valve that uses a gate or wedge closure element moving perpendicular to the flow path to modulate fluid flow in response to control signals.
∀x(GateControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃g(GateClosureMechanism(g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g)))
Uma válvula de controle tipo gaveta é uma válvula de controle que usa um elemento de fechamento tipo gaveta ou cunha movendo-se perpendicular ao caminho do fluxo para modular o fluxo de fluido em resposta a sinais de controle.
This is a constructive subtype where the structural differentia (gate closure mechanism) defines necessary conditions. Under OWA, making this sufficient could force any assembly with a gate closure into this maintenance category, including specialized multi-way valves or custom manifolds that should not be classified as standard gate control valves.
Every gate control valve is a control valve that has a gate closure mechanism as component part at all times
gate valve
válvula gaveta
A gate valve is a valve that has a gate or disc closure member with linear motion parallel to the plane of flat seats, which are transverse to the direction of flow.
∀x (GateValve(x) → (Valve(x) ∧ ∃g(GateClosure(g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g)) ∧ ∃m(LinearActuationMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m))))
Uma válvula gaveta é uma válvula que possui um membro de fechamento tipo gaveta ou disco com movimento linear paralelo ao plano dos assentos planos, que são transversais à direção do fluxo.
Constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions for structural features like 'linear sliding gate' risks false positives from complex hybrid equipment or custom manifolds that contain gate mechanisms but should not be classified as standard gate valves. Necessary conditions provide safer classification that can be validated by domain experts.
Every gate valve is a valve that has a gate closure component and a linear actuation mechanism.
caixa de engrenagens
gearbox
A gearbox is an assembly that consists of a gear casing containing an arrangement of two or more gear-wheels that transmit rotating motion from an input shaft to an output shaft.
Uma caixa de engrenagens é um conjunto que consiste em um invólucro de engrenagens contendo um arranjo de duas ou mais rodas de engrenagem que transmitem movimento rotativo de um eixo de entrada para um eixo de saída.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type because the structural differentia (specific gear casing and gear-wheel arrangement) is complex and making it sufficient under Open World Assumption could lead to false positives - specialized equipment containing gear mechanisms might be incorrectly classified as standard gearboxes.
globe control valve
válvula de controle globo
A globe control valve is a control valve that has a globe-shaped body and uses linear motion closure mechanism to modulate fluid flow in response to process control signals.
∀x (GlobeControlValve(x) → ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃y,z (GlobeValveBody(y) ∧ LinearMotionClosure(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
Uma válvula de controle globo é uma válvula de controle que possui um corpo em formato de globo e usa um mecanismo de fechamento de movimento linear para modular o fluxo de fluido em resposta a sinais de controle de processo.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive subtype (both classification basis). The structural differentia (globe body + linear closure) provides strong necessary conditions, but declaring sufficiency under OWA could lead to unwanted automatic classification of specialized equipment that contains globe mechanisms but should not be categorized as standard globe control valves.
Every globe control valve is a control valve that has a globe valve body and has a linear motion closure as component parts at all times.
globe valve
válvula globo
A globe valve is a valve characterized by a closure member (disc or plug) that operates with linear motion perpendicular to a seat that is oriented normal to the fluid flow path.
∀x(GlobeValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y,z(hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y) ∧ LinearMotionClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z) ∧ NormalSeat(z)))
Uma válvula globo é uma válvula caracterizada por um elemento de fechamento (disco ou tampão) que opera com movimento linear perpendicular a uma sede orientada normal ao caminho do fluxo do fluido.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. Under OWA, making the structural differentia sufficient could force classification of specialized equipment containing linear motion closures (like complex multi-way valves or custom manifolds) as standard globe valves when they may warrant distinct maintenance categories.
Every globe valve is a valve that has as component part at all times a linear motion closure and a normal seat.
aquecedor
heater
A heater is an assembly that bears a heating function to add thermal energy to a medium.
∀x (Heater(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(HeatingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um aquecedor é um conjunto que possui uma função de aquecimento para adicionar energia térmica a um meio.
Every heater is an assembly that bears a heating function and has heating elements and housing as component parts at all times
analisador de umidade
humidity analyser
A humidity analyser is an instrument designed to measure and indicate humidity or moisture content in process streams or environments.
∀x (HumidityAnalyser(x) ↔ ProcessAnalyzer(x) ∧ ∃f (HumidityMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
Um analisador de umidade é um analisador de processo que é projetado para medir e indicar o conteúdo de umidade ou vapor d'água em correntes de processo ou ambientes.
Every humidity analyser is a process analyzer that has the function to measure humidity content.
filtro em linha
in line filter
An in-line filter is a filter that is installed directly within a fluid line and supported by connected piping or equipment, designed to remove particles or contaminants from fluid streams during normal flow operations.
∀x (InLineFilter(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃m,e (InLineInstallation(m) ∧ ConnectedEquipment(e) ∧ hasInstallationMethod(x,m) ∧ supportedBy(x,e)))
Um filtro em linha é um filtro que é instalado diretamente dentro de uma linha de fluido e suportado por tubulações ou equipamentos conectados, projetado para remover partículas ou contaminantes de correntes de fluido durante operações normais de fluxo.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical installation configuration. Under OWA, any filter with in-line connections and piping support could be classified as in-line filter, but specialized hybrid equipment or custom installations might have these features without belonging to the standard in-line filter maintenance category. Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
Every in-line filter is a filter that has an in-line installation method and is supported by connected equipment.
indicador
indicator
An indicator is an instrument that displays or shows the value or status of a measured variable or condition to make it perceptible to operators.
∀x(Indicator(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(IndicationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um indicador é um instrumento que exibe ou mostra o valor ou status de uma variável medida ou condição para torná-la perceptível aos operadores.
Every indicator is an instrument that bears an indication function to display process information in human-perceptible form.
elemento de nível
level element
A level element is an instrument that bears a level detection function for determining fluid level in a vessel or container.
∀x (LevelElement(x) ↔ Detector(x) ∧ ∃f(LevelDetectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um elemento de nível é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção de nível para determinar o nível de fluido em um vaso ou recipiente.
Every level element is a detector that has the function to detect fluid level
indicador de nível
level indicator
A level indicator is an indicator that measures and locally displays the level of liquid or bulk solid material in a vessel or tank.
∀x (LevelIndicator(x) ↔ (Indicator(x) ∧ ∃f (LevelIndicationFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f))))
Um indicador de nível é um indicador que mede e exibe localmente o nível de material líquido ou sólido a granel em um vaso ou tanque.
Every level indicator is an indicator that has the function to measure and locally indicate level.
level sight glass
visor de nível
A level sight glass is a sight glass that bears a designed function to indicate liquid level through visual inspection.
∀x (LevelSightGlass(x) ↔ SightGlass(x) ∧ ∃f (LevelIndicationFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
Um visor de nível é um visor que possui uma função projetada para indicar o nível de líquido através de inspeção visual.
Every level sight glass is a sight glass that has the function of level indication.
level transmitter
transmissor de nível
A level transmitter is a transmitter that measures the level (height) of liquid or bulk solid material in a container and produces a standardized electrical output signal proportional to the measured level.
Um transmissor de nível é um transmissor que mede o nível (altura) de material líquido ou sólido a granel em um recipiente e produz um sinal elétrico de saída padronizado proporcional ao nível medido.
limit switch
A limit switch is an instrument that bears a position limit detection function, mechanically actuated by object motion to provide electrical switching signals when predetermined position limits are reached.
Um limit switch é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção de limite de posição, acionado mecanicamente pelo movimento de objetos para fornecer sinais de chaveamento elétrico quando limites de posição predeterminados são atingidos.
manual valve
válvula manual
A manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator requiring hand power for operation.
∀x(ManualValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(ManualActuator(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
Uma válvula manual é uma válvula que possui um atuador manual que requer força manual para operação.
Constructive classification based on actuation mechanism. Under OWA, any valve with a manual actuator component might be classified as manual valve even if it has additional automated features (hybrid valves). Starting with necessary conditions allows domain experts to validate that manual actuation is both necessary and sufficient before upgrading to equivalent axiom.
Every manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator as component part.
needle valve
válvula agulha
A needle valve is a valve that has a conical needle-shaped closure member that seats into a small orifice to provide precise flow control.
∀x(NeedleValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(NeedlePlug(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(SmallOrificeSeat(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)))
Uma válvula agulha é uma válvula que possui um membro de fechamento cônico em forma de agulha que se assenta em um pequeno orifício para fornecer controle preciso de fluxo.
As a constructive type defined by specific structural features (needle plug geometry), providing sufficient conditions under the Open World Assumption could lead to over-classification. Complex valve assemblies or custom equipment containing needle-like mechanisms might be incorrectly classified as standard needle valves for maintenance purposes.
Every needle valve is a valve that has a needle plug component and has a small orifice seat component.
on off control valve
válvula de controle liga-desliga
An on-off control valve is a control valve that bears a binary flow control function, having only two defined positions: fully open and fully closed.
∀x(OnOffControlValve(x) ↔ ControlValve(x) ∧ ∃f(BinaryFlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma válvula de controle liga-desliga é uma válvula de controle que possui uma função de controle de fluxo binária, tendo apenas duas posições definidas: totalmente aberta e totalmente fechada.
Every on-off control valve is a control valve that has a BinaryFlowControlFunction and has component part a BinaryPositioner.
orifice plate
placa de orifício
An orifice plate is a flow measuring element that consists of a thin plate with a specified hole through which fluid flows to create differential pressure for flow rate measurement.
∀x(OrificePlate(x) → FlowMeasuringElement(x) ∧ ∃p,h(ThinPlate(p) ∧ SpecifiedHole(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h)) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma placa de orifício é um elemento de medição de fluxo que consiste de uma placa fina com um orifício especificado através do qual o fluido flui para criar pressão diferencial para medição da taxa de fluxo.
Constructive classification based on physical structure. Under OWA, any plate with a hole could potentially be classified as an orifice plate, but many perforated plates serve different purposes (structural, filtering, etc.). The structural differentia alone is not sufficient without industrial context validation.
Every orifice plate is a flow measuring element that has a thin plate component and has a specified hole component and bears a flow measurement function.
medidor de sequência de fases
phase sequence meter
A phase sequence meter is an electric measuring instrument that bears a phase sequence measurement function to determine and indicate the sequence in which the instantaneous voltages of phase conductors reach their maximum value in a polyphase electrical system.
∀x(PhaseSequenceMeter(x) ↔ ElectricMeasuringInstrument(x) ∧ ∃f(PhaseSequenceMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(PolyphaseElectricalSignal(s) ∧ hasInput(x,s)))
Um medidor de sequência de fases é um instrumento de medição elétrica que possui uma função de medição de sequência de fases para determinar e indicar a sequência na qual as tensões instantâneas dos condutores de fase atingem seu valor máximo em um sistema elétrico polifásico.
Every phase sequence meter is an electric measuring instrument that has the function to measure phase sequence and has as input polyphase electrical signals.
piston check valve
válvula de retenção tipo pistão
A piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston-type closure member that moves linearly along the flow axis under gravity or spring loading to prevent backflow.
∀x(PistonCheckValve(x) → CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃y(PistonClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
Uma válvula de retenção tipo pistão é uma válvula de retenção que possui um elemento de fechamento tipo pistão que se move linearmente ao longo do eixo de fluxo sob ação da gravidade ou mola para prevenir refluxo.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any artifact with a piston closure could potentially be classified as piston check valve, but specialized hybrid valves or custom manifolds containing piston mechanisms should not be automatically asserted into this standard maintenance category without domain expert validation.
Every piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston closure as component part.
plate heat exchanger
trocador de calor de placas
A plate heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has heat transfer plates as its primary heat transfer surface.
∀x(PlateHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃p(HeatTransferPlate(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
Um trocador de calor de placas é um trocador de calor que possui placas de transferência de calor como sua superfície primária de transferência de calor.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the plate-based structure is characteristic, under the Open World Assumption, asserting equivalence could lead to false positives where any equipment with heat transfer plates (e.g., specialized hybrid equipment, multi-function process units) would be automatically classified as a standard plate heat exchanger. Domain expert validation is needed to confirm the structural differentia is sufficient.
Every plate heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has component part heat transfer plates at all times.
plug valve
válvula plug
A plug valve is a valve that has a cylindrical or tapered plug closure member which operates by quarter-turn rotation on its axis to control fluid flow by sealing against a seat.
∀x(PlugValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃p(PlugClosure(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)) ∧ ∃r(QuarterTurnRotationProcess(r) ∧ participatesIn(x,r)))
Uma válvula plug é uma válvula que possui um elemento de fechamento em forma de plugue cilíndrico ou cônico que opera por rotação de um quarto de volta em seu eixo para controlar o fluxo de fluido selando contra um assento.
Constructive classification requires necessary conditions only. Under OWA, any artifact with a plug closure and quarter-turn mechanism would be forcibly classified as a plug valve, but specialized multi-port valves or custom manifolds containing plug mechanisms should not automatically inherit the standard plug valve classification without domain expert validation.
Every plug valve is a valve that has a plug closure component and participates in quarter-turn rotation processes
power transformer
transformador de potência
A power transformer is a transformer that bears an electrical power transformation function, realized by electromagnetic induction to transform alternating voltage and current systems to different levels at the same frequency for power transmission purposes.
Um transformador de potência é um transformador que possui uma função de transformação de energia elétrica, realizada por indução eletromagnética para transformar sistemas de tensão e corrente alternadas para diferentes níveis na mesma frequência para fins de transmissão de energia.
elemento de pressão
pressure element
A pressure element is an instrument that bears a pressure sensing function.
Um elemento de pressão é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção de pressão.
manômetro
pressure gauge
A pressure gauge is an indicator that bears the function of measuring and displaying pressure values.
∀x (PressureGauge(x) ↔ (Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um manômetro é um indicador que possui a função de medir e exibir valores de pressão.
Every pressure gauge is an instrument that has the function to measure and display pressure
pressure transmitter
transmissor de pressão
A pressure transmitter is a transmitter that converts pressure measurements into standardized output signals for transmission to control or monitoring systems.
Um transmissor de pressão é um transmissor que converte medições de pressão em sinais de saída padronizados para transmissão a sistemas de controle ou monitoramento.
relief valve
válvula de alívio
A relief valve is a valve that is designed to automatically open at a predetermined pressure setpoint to relieve excess pressure and prevent unsafe pressure levels in a system.
∀x (ReliefValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f (PressureReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Uma válvula de alívio é uma válvula projetada para abrir automaticamente em um ponto de ajuste de pressão predeterminado para aliviar o excesso de pressão e prevenir níveis de pressão inseguros em um sistema.
Every relief valve is a valve that bears a pressure relief function, which realizes a pressure relief process that automatically opens the valve when system pressure exceeds a predetermined setpoint.
orifício de restrição
restriction orifice
A restriction orifice is a flow modification accessory that bears the function to restrict fluid flow by creating controlled pressure drop through geometric constriction.
∀x(RestrictionOrifice(x) ↔ FlowModificationAccessory(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowRestrictionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um orifício de restrição é um acessório de modificação de fluxo que possui a função de restringir o fluxo de fluido criando queda de pressão controlada através de constrição geométrica.
Every restriction orifice is a flow modification accessory that bears a flow restriction function
safety relief valve
válvula de segurança e alívio
A safety relief valve is a valve that bears a safety relief function combining both safety protection and pressure relief capabilities.
∀x(SafetyReliefValve(x) ↔ (Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(SafetyReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Uma válvula de segurança e alívio é uma válvula que possui uma função de alívio de segurança que combina capacidades de proteção de segurança e alívio de pressão.
Every safety relief valve is a valve that has the function of providing both safety protection and pressure relief.
safety valve
válvula de segurança
A safety valve is a valve that bears a safety venting function for automatic pressure relief through rapid full opening to protect against dangerous overpressure conditions.
∀x(SafetyValve(x) ↔ Valve(x) ∧ ∃f(SafetyReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma válvula de segurança é uma válvula que possui uma função de ventilação de segurança para alívio automático de pressão por abertura rápida e total para proteção contra condições perigosas de sobrepressão.
Every safety valve is a valve that has the function to automatically relieve excess pressure for emergency protection
self operating valve
válvula auto-operante
A self-operating valve is a valve that includes an internal means of operation (such as spring, gravity, fluid pressure, or counterbalance) and does not depend on an external source of energy for its actuation.
∀x(SelfOperatingValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃m(SelfOperatingMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃c(EnergyIndependentOperationCapability(c) ∧ bearerOf(x,c)))
Uma válvula auto-operante é uma válvula que inclui um mecanismo interno de operação (como mola, gravidade, pressão do fluido ou contrapeso) e não depende de uma fonte externa de energia para seu acionamento.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical configuration (self-operating mechanism). Under OWA, any valve with an internal operating mechanism might be classified as self-operating even if it has additional external actuators or specialized applications. Domain expert validation needed to confirm structural differentia is sufficient.
Every self-operating valve is a valve that has a self-operating mechanism as component part at all times and bears the capability of energy-independent operation.
solenoid valve
válvula solenoide
A solenoid valve is a valve that has a solenoid actuator for electrical control of fluid flow.
∀x (SolenoidValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃s (SolenoidActuator(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃f (ElectricalControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma válvula solenoide é uma válvula que possui um atuador solenoide para controle elétrico do fluxo de fluido.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type where the solenoid mechanism is the distinguishing structural feature. Under OWA, making it equivalent could incorrectly classify complex valve assemblies that contain solenoid components but are not standard solenoid valves.
Every solenoid valve is a valve that has a solenoid actuator component and bears an electrical control function.
storage tank
tanque de armazenamento
tank
A storage tank is a vessel that is designed to store fluids or materials for extended periods without transformation or active processing.
∀x(StorageTank(x) ↔ (Tank(x) ∧ ∃f(ExtendedStorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um tanque de armazenamento é um vaso projetado para armazenar fluidos ou materiais por períodos prolongados sem transformação ou processamento ativo.
Every storage tank is a tank that has the function to store materials for extended periods.
filtro grosso
strainer
A strainer is a material artifact that bears a separation function and has a filtering element, designed to separate solid particles from fluids by passing the fluid through screens or perforations.
∀x(Strainer(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(FilteringElement(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)) ∧ ∃p(SolidLiquidSeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))))
Um filtro grosso é um artefato material que possui uma função de separação e tem um elemento filtrante, projetado para separar partículas sólidas de fluidos fazendo o fluido passar através de telas ou perfurações.
Every strainer is a material artifact that bears a separation function and has a filtering element as component part at all times and participates in solid-liquid separation processes.
swing check valve
válvula de retenção basculante
A swing check valve is a check valve that has a closure member consisting of a disc which swings freely on a hinge mechanism and opens automatically when flow is established and closes automatically when flow ceases or reverses.
∀x(SwingCheckValve(x) → CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃d(HingedDisc(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃a(SwingArm(a) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,a)))
Uma válvula de retenção basculante é uma válvula de retenção que possui um elemento de fechamento consistindo de um disco que gira livremente em um mecanismo de dobradiça e abre automaticamente quando o fluxo é estabelecido e fecha automaticamente quando o fluxo cessa ou se inverte.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type to avoid false positives under OWA. Any artifact with a hinged disc mechanism should not automatically be classified as a swing check valve without domain expert validation, as specialized equipment may contain swing mechanisms but serve different primary functions.
Every swing check valve is a check valve that has a hinged disc as component part and has a swing arm as component part
indicador de temperatura
temperature indicator
A temperature indicator is an indicator that measures temperature and displays the measured value locally at the instrument location.
Um indicador de temperatura é um indicador que mede temperatura e exibe o valor medido localmente na localização do instrumento.
temperature transmitter
transmissor de temperatura
A temperature transmitter is a transmitter that measures temperature and produces a standardized output signal dependent on the received input signal from a temperature element.
∀x(TemperatureTransmitter(x) ↔ Transmitter(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureMeasurementAndTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um transmissor de temperatura é um transmissor que mede temperatura e produz um sinal de saída padronizado dependente do sinal de entrada recebido de um elemento de temperatura.
Every temperature transmitter is a transmitter that has the function to measure temperature and transmit standardized signals based on temperature input.
poço termométrico
thermowell
A thermowell is an instrument that is a pressure-tight receptacle adapted to receive a temperature sensing element, provided with external threads or other means for pressure-tight attachment to a vessel or pipe.
∀x (Thermowell(x) → Instrument(x) ∧ ∃r,c,f (PressureTightReceptacle(r) ∧ ProcessConnection(c) ∧ TemperatureSensorProtectionFunction(f) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um poço termométrico é um instrumento que é um receptáculo resistente à pressão adaptado para receber um elemento sensor de temperatura, provido com roscas externas ou outros meios para fixação resistente à pressão a um vaso ou tubulação.
Thermowell has constructive classification basis. The structural differentia (pressure-tight receptacle with process connection) defines necessary conditions, but making these sufficient under OWA could lead to false classifications of other threaded pressure-tight devices that happen to contain receptacles but are not intended as thermowells.
Every thermowell is an instrument that has a pressure-tight receptacle as component part and has a process connection as component part and is designed for temperature sensing elements.
transmissor
transmitter
A transmitter is an instrument that bears a signal transmission function, receiving process variable signals from sensors and converting them into standardized output signals for transmission to control systems.
Um transmissor é um instrumento que possui uma função de transmissão de sinal, recebendo sinais de variáveis de processo de sensores e convertendo-os em sinais de saída padronizados para transmissão a sistemas de controle.
vaso
vessel
A vessel is an assembly designed to contain fluids or solids for storage and/or processing purposes.
∀x(Vessel(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(VesselShell(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃h(VesselHead(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h)))
Um vaso é um conjunto projetado para conter fluidos ou sólidos para fins de armazenamento e/ou processamento.
Every vessel is an assembly that bears a containment function and has a vessel shell and vessel head as component parts at all times.
transmissor de vibração
vibration transmitter
A vibration transmitter is a transmitter that measures mechanical vibrations and produces an output signal proportional to the measured vibration parameters.
∀x (VibrationTransmitter(x) ↔ (Transmitter(x) ∧ ∃v (VibrationSignal(v) ∧ hasInput(x,v)) ∧ ∃f (VibrationMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um transmissor de vibração é um transmissor que mede vibrações mecânicas e produz um sinal de saída proporcional aos parâmetros de vibração medidos.
Every vibration transmitter is a transmitter that has a vibration signal as input and bears a vibration measurement function.
válvula de retenção wafer
wafer check valve
A wafer check valve is a check valve that has a wafer pattern valve body designed for mounting between flanges.
∀x(WaferCheckValve(x) → CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃y(WaferPatternValveBody(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
Uma válvula de retenção wafer é uma válvula de retenção que possui um corpo de válvula padrão wafer projetado para montagem entre flanges.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive subtype (both functional and structural aspects). The wafer pattern mounting configuration is a structural differentia that, while characteristic, may have edge cases or specialized variants that should not be automatically classified without expert validation. The structural differentia should be confirmed as both necessary and sufficient in industrial practice before upgrading to equivalent mode.
Every wafer check valve is a check valve that has a wafer pattern valve body as component part at all times.
backflow prevention function
função de prevenção de refluxo
A FlowControlFunction that is realized in a BackflowPreventionProcess and that consists in preventing the reversal of fluid flow direction by physically blocking the flow path when pressure differential indicates potential backflow conditions.
binary flow control function
função de controle binário de fluxo
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the complete opening or closing of a flow path to allow or prevent fluid passage.
flow restriction function
função de restrição de fluxo
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the reduction of fluid flow rate by creating a controlled resistance in the flow path.
função de redução de pressão
pressure reduction function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the reduction of fluid pressure from a higher upstream value to a controlled downstream value.
emergency shut down function
função de parada de emergência
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the automatic isolation of process equipment upon detection of a hazardous condition.
função de despressurização rápida
rapid depressurization function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the rapid controlled release of process pressure to a safe disposal system to prevent catastrophic failure.
função de ventilação de segurança
safety venting function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the release of excess pressure from a process system to a safe disposal location.
função de alívio de pressão
pressure relief function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the automatic release of process fluid when pressure exceeds a defined set point to protect equipment from overpressure.
função de segurança subsuperficial
subsurface safety function
A designed function borne by a downhole safety valve whose realization constitutes the isolation of wellbore flow to prevent uncontrolled release of reservoir fluids to surface.
flow indication function
função de indicação de fluxo
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the local display of the flow rate of a process stream.
função de indicação de nível
level indication function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the local display of the fluid level within a vessel.
função de indicação de temperatura
temperature indication function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the local display of the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface.
flow measurement function
função de medição de fluxo
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FlowMeasurementProcess and that consists in determining and quantifying the rate of fluid flow through a system, providing measurement data for monitoring, control, or recording purposes.
função de detecção de nível
level detection function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection of a fluid level reaching or exceeding a defined threshold within a vessel.
função de sensoriamento de pressão
pressure sensing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection and measurement of the pressure of a process stream.
função de medição de pressão
pressure measurement function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and local display of the pressure of a process stream.
differential pressure measurement function
função de medição de pressão diferencial
A PressureSensingFunction that is realized in a DifferentialPressureMeasurementProcess and that consists in sensing the pressure difference between two fluid media or two points in the same medium to enable measurement of differential pressure.
função de medição de umidade
humidity measurement function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and display of the moisture content or relative humidity of a gas stream.
função de medição de sequência de fases
phase sequence measurement function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and display of the phase sequence of a polyphase alternating-current electrical supply.
função de detecção de limite de posição
position limit detection function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the detection of a mechanical component reaching a defined travel limit position.
flow signal transmission function
função de transmissão de sinal de fluxo
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the flow rate of a process stream.
differential pressure transmission function
função de transmissão de pressão diferencial
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the differential pressure between two process points.
função de medição e transmissão de nível
level measurement and transmission function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the fluid level within a vessel.
função de medição e transmissão de temperatura
temperature measurement and transmission function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface.
função de transmissão de vibração
vibration transmission function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement and remote transmission of mechanical vibration amplitude or frequency in rotating equipment.
função de aquecimento
heating function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of thermal energy to a process stream or vessel to raise its temperature.
função de movimentação de gás
gas movement function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the movement of a gas stream from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure.
função de transmissão de potência
power transmission function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover to one or more driven machines, maintaining rotational motion while potentially modifying torque and speed characteristics.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from a prime mover through rotational motion or to generate energy when acting as a driven element.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from one mechanical component to another through rotational or linear motion.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical energy from an external energy source through rotational motion to downstream mechanical components.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to another through direct mechanical coupling or engagement.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical rotational energy from a driving mechanism to driven components, enabling the transfer of torque and rotational motion through a mechanical system.
electric to mechanical conversion function
função de conversão elétrico-mecânica
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of electrical energy into rotational or linear mechanical motion.
filtration function
função de filtração
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FiltrationProcess and that consists in selectively retaining particles, contaminants, or unwanted substances from a fluid stream while allowing the clean fluid to pass through.
função de separação
separation function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a mixed-phase or mixed-component stream into distinct phases or fractions.
coalescence function
função de coalescência
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the merging of dispersed liquid droplets into a continuous liquid phase to facilitate their subsequent removal.
função de armazenamento
storage function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the temporary or permanent containment of fluids or materials in a defined storage volume.
electrical power transformation function
função de transformação de energia elétrica
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess and that consists in changing the voltage and current levels of electrical power through electromagnetic induction while maintaining power transfer efficiency.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess and that consists in converting electrical energy from one voltage level to another through electromagnetic induction, enabling power distribution and utilization at appropriate voltage levels.
electrical current interruption function
função de interrupção de corrente elétrica
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the interruption of electrical current flow in a circuit under normal operating or fault conditions.
função de proteção de sensor de temperatura
temperature sensor protection function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a TemperatureSensorProtectionProcess and that consists in providing a protective enclosure for temperature sensing elements while enabling thermal conductivity from the process medium to the sensor.
absolute pressure transmitter
transmissor de pressão absoluta
An absolute pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that has a vacuum reference chamber on one side of the pressure sensor while the other side receives the process pressure.
∀x (AbsolutePressureTransmitter(x) → PressureTransmitter(x) ∧ ∃y (VacuumReferenceeChamber(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
Um transmissor de pressão absoluta é um transmissor de pressão que possui uma câmara de referência de vácuo de um lado do sensor de pressão enquanto o outro lado recebe a pressão do processo.
Constructive classification based on vacuum reference chamber configuration. Under Open World Assumption, defining sufficient conditions could lead to unintended classification of complex instruments that contain vacuum chambers but serve different primary functions. The structural differentia is necessary but making it sufficient requires domain expert validation.
Every absolute pressure transmitter is a pressure transmitter that has a vacuum reference chamber as a component part at all times.
accumulator
acumulador
An accumulator is a vessel that has the designed function to accumulate (store and controllably release) energy or matter.
∀x (Accumulator(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f (AccumulationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um acumulador é um vaso que tem a função projetada de acumular (armazenar e liberar de forma controlada) energia ou matéria.
Every accumulator is a vessel that bears an accumulation function
actuator
atuador
An actuator is an assembly that bears an actuation function to convert energy from an external source into kinetic motion in response to control signals.
Um atuador é um conjunto que possui uma função de atuação para converter energia de uma fonte externa em movimento cinético em resposta a sinais de controle.
agitador
agitator
An agitator is a mixer that stirs or shakes fluids by reaction force from moving vanes.
∀x(Agitator(x) ↔ Mixer(x) ∧ ∃f(AgitationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃v(MovingVane(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v)))
Um agitador é um misturador que mexe ou agita fluidos por força de reação de palhetas móveis.
Every agitator is a mixer that has the function to agitate fluids and has moving vanes as component parts at all times.
air cooled heat exchanger
trocador de calor resfriado a ar
An air cooled heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned air cooling surfaces and uses ambient air as the cooling medium to transfer thermal energy from process fluids.
∀x(AirCooledHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃y(AirFinSystem(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(TubeBundle(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)) ∧ ∃p(AirCoolingProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Um trocador de calor resfriado a ar é um trocador de calor que possui superfícies aletadas de resfriamento a ar e usa ar ambiente como meio de resfriamento para transferir energia térmica de fluidos de processo.
Under the Open World Assumption, defining air cooling constructively as sufficient conditions could lead to false positives. Complex hybrid equipment or specialized configurations with air cooling components might be inappropriately classified. Starting with necessary conditions allows for proper validation by domain experts before upgrading to equivalence.
Every air cooled heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has component parts including an air fin system and tube bundle, and participates in air cooling processes.
analogue temperature indicator
indicador analógico de temperatura
An analogue temperature indicator is an instrument that bears a temperature indication function and has an analogue dial for visual temperature display.
∀x (AnalogueTemperatureIndicator(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureIndicationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃d(AnalogueDial(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)))
Um indicador analógico de temperatura é um instrumento que possui uma função de indicação de temperatura e tem um mostrador analógico para exibição visual da temperatura.
Every analogue temperature indicator is an instrument that bears a temperature indication function and has component parts including a temperature sensor, analogue dial, and indicator pointer.
angle valve body
corpo de válvula angular
A ValveBody that has an internal flow path geometry where the inlet and outlet axes are positioned at an angle to each other, creating an L-shaped or angled flow configuration.
∀x (AngleValveBody(x) → ValveBody(x) ∧ ∃g (AngularFlowPath(g) ∧ hasGeometry(x,g)))
Um ValveBody que possui uma geometria de caminho de fluxo interno onde os eixos de entrada e saída são posicionados em ângulo um em relação ao outro, criando uma configuração de fluxo em formato de L ou angular.
Constructive type based on geometric configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for geometric characteristics like 'angular flow path' are difficult to specify precisely without detailed geometric constraints that could lead to false classification of complex multi-path valve bodies or hybrid designs.
AngleValveBody subClassOf ValveBody and hasGeometry some AngularFlowPath
anode
ânodo
An anode is electrical equipment that bears the function of serving as the positive electrode in electrochemical processes, capable of emitting positive charge carriers to and/or receiving negative charge carriers from a medium of lower conductivity.
Um ânodo é um equipamento elétrico que possui a função de servir como eletrodo positivo em processos eletroquímicos, capaz de emitir portadores de carga positiva para e/ou receber portadores de carga negativa de um meio de menor condutividade.
axial displacement transmitter
transmissor de deslocamento axial
An axial displacement transmitter is a transmitter that measures axial displacement and generates a standardized output signal representing the measured axial displacement.
Um transmissor de deslocamento axial é um transmissor que mede deslocamento axial e gera um sinal de saída padronizado representando o deslocamento axial medido.
bacia
basin
A basin is a vessel that is designed to store liquid or solid material, characterized by being typically open at the top and installed partly or totally below grade.
Basin(x) ↔ Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(StorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(OpenTop(p) ∧ hasGeometricProperty(x,p)) ∧ ∃q(PartlyBelowGrade(q) ∧ hasInstallationProperty(x,q))
Uma bacia é um vaso projetado para armazenar material líquido ou sólido, caracterizado por ser tipicamente aberto no topo e instalado parcial ou totalmente abaixo do nível do solo.
Every basin is a vessel that bears a storage function and has an open top configuration and is installed partly below grade.
bearing
mancal
A bearing is a material artifact that is designed to support and locate moving or static mechanical elements while reducing friction in the connection.
Um mancal é um artefato material que é projetado para suportar e localizar elementos mecânicos móveis ou estáticos enquanto reduz o atrito na conexão.
bell nipple
A bell nipple is a pipe that conducts drilling fluids in drilling operations and is characterized by an enlarged diameter that serves as a funnel and a location at the wellhead assembly.
∀x(BellNipple(x) ↔ (Pipe(x) ∧ ∃f(DrillingFluidConductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(EnlargedDiameter(s) ∧ hasCharacteristicShape(x,s)) ∧ ∃l(WellheadAssembly(l) ∧ hasLocation(x,l))))
Um bell nipple é um tubo que conduz fluidos de perfuração em operações de perfuração e é caracterizado por um diâmetro alargado que serve como funil e uma localização no conjunto da cabeça do poço.
Every bell nipple is a pipe that bears a DrillingFluidConductionFunction and has an enlarged diameter shape and is located at a wellhead assembly.
boiler
caldeira
A boiler is a heater that brings a liquid to its boiling point through indirect contact heat exchange, producing steam or vapor.
∀x (Boiler(x) ↔ Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(BoilingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma caldeira é um aquecedor que leva um líquido ao seu ponto de ebulição através de troca de calor por contato indireto, produzindo vapor.
Every boiler is a heater that bears a BoilingFunction and has component parts including a steam drum and heat exchange surface.
bottom hole assembly
conjunto de fundo de poço
A bottom hole assembly is a drilling component that performs specialized drilling operations at the bottom of the drill string, characterized by including a drill bit and being positioned at the bottom hole location.
Um conjunto de fundo de poço é um componente de perfuração que realiza operações especializadas de perfuração na parte inferior da coluna de perfuração, caracterizado por incluir uma broca e estar posicionado no local do fundo do poço.
brake
freio
A brake is an assembly that bears a braking function to arrest or prevent the motion of an object, typically through friction or electromagnetic force application.
∀x(Brake(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(BrakingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um freio é um conjunto que possui uma função de frenagem para deter ou prevenir o movimento de um objeto, tipicamente através da aplicação de força de atrito ou eletromagnética.
Every brake is an assembly that has the function of braking, and every assembly that has the function of braking is a brake.
burner
queimador
A burner is a heater that releases thermal energy by burning a combustible mixture of fuel and air.
∀x (Burner(x) ↔ (Heater(x) ∧ ∃f (CombustionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um queimador é um aquecedor que libera energia térmica através da queima de uma mistura combustível de combustível e ar.
Every burner is a heater that has the function of combustion, which is realized by burning a fuel-air mixture to release thermal energy.
bandeja de cabos
cable tray
A cable tray is an assembly that bears a cable support function and consists of a continuous base with raised edges, forming a rigid structural system for securely supporting and routing electrical cables.
∀x(CableTray(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(CableSupportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃b(ContinuousBase(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b)) ∧ ∃e(RaisedEdge(e) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,e)))
Uma bandeja de cabos é um conjunto que possui função de suporte de cabos e consiste em uma base contínua com bordas elevadas, formando um sistema estrutural rígido para suportar e rotear cabos elétricos de forma segura.
Every cable tray is an assembly that has the function to support cables and has a continuous base part and raised edge parts.
casing
A casing is an assembly that provides structural enclosure with pressure containment capability, characterized by walls that separate internal components or fluids from the external environment.
∀x(Casing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnclosureFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(CasingWall(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)) ∧ ∃p(PressureContainmentFunction(p) ∧ hasFunction(x,p)))
Um casing é um conjunto que fornece invólucro estrutural com capacidade de contenção de pressão, caracterizado por paredes que separam componentes internos ou fluidos do ambiente externo.
Constructive classification based on structural configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for enclosure structure could lead to over-classification of complex assemblies that contain enclosure elements but serve different primary functions (e.g., pressure vessels, housings, containers).
Every casing is an assembly that has an enclosure function and has component part some casing wall and has function some pressure containment function.
cathodic protection system
sistema de proteção catódica
A cathodic protection system is a corrosion protection system that uses electrochemical cathodic protection mechanisms with anodes to prevent corrosion of carbon and low-alloy steel equipment or structures.
Um sistema de proteção catódica é um sistema de proteção contra corrosão que usa mecanismos eletroquímicos de proteção catódica com ânodos para prevenir a corrosão de equipamentos ou estruturas de aço carbono e baixa liga.
centrifugal compressor casing
invólucro
A casing that is specifically designed and dimensioned for structural compatibility with centrifugal compressor mechanisms, providing enclosure and protection for rotating impellers and associated flow components.
∀x(CentrifugalCompressorCasing(x) → Casing(x) ∧ ∃y(CentrifugalCompressor(y) ∧ intendedFor(x,y)))
Um invólucro que é especificamente projetado e dimensionado para compatibilidade estrutural com mecanismos de compressor centrífugo, fornecendo contenção e proteção para impulsores rotativos e componentes de fluxo associados.
Constructive type defined by structural compatibility. Under OWA, asserting equivalence could force classification of any casing with centrifugal compressor compatibility, including hybrid or specialized equipment that should not be automatically classified as standard centrifugal compressor casings.
Every centrifugal compressor casing is a casing that is intended for use with centrifugal compressors
centrifuge
centrífuga
A centrifuge is a separator that uses centrifugal force generated by a rotating drum to separate phases of different densities.
∀x (Centrifuge(x) → Separator(x) ∧ ∃d (RotatingDrum(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃p (CentrifugalForceProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Uma centrífuga é um separador que usa força centrífuga gerada por um tambor rotativo para separar fases de diferentes densidades.
Although functionally defined as a separator, the constructive differentia (centrifugal mechanism) makes sufficient conditions complex under OWA. Any equipment with a rotating drum could potentially be classified as a centrifuge even if designed for other purposes (mixing, drying, etc.). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
Every centrifuge is a separator that has a rotating drum as component part and participates in centrifugal force processes.
check valve body
A valve body that is specifically designed to accommodate and house the internal mechanisms of a check valve within a pressure-containing boundary.
∀x(CheckValveBody(x) → ValveBody(x) ∧ ∃y(CheckValve(y) ∧ designedFor(x,y)))
Um corpo de válvula que é especificamente projetado para acomodar e alojar os mecanismos internos de uma válvula de retenção dentro de uma barreira de contenção de pressão.
Constructive identity based on structural design for check valve accommodation. Under OWA, any housing designed for check valves could include specialized configurations, custom manifolds, or hybrid designs that should not be automatically classified as standard check valve bodies without domain expert validation of the structural differentia.
CheckValveBody subClassOf ValveBody and (designedFor some CheckValve)
check valve closure member
membro de fechamento de válvula de retenção
A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a check valve and that bears a BackflowPreventionFunction, consisting in a mechanical element that prevents fluid flow reversal by physically blocking the flow path when pressure conditions indicate potential backflow.
∀x(CheckValveClosureMember(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃y(CheckValve(y) ∧ isComponentPartOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃f(BackflowPreventionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um MaterialArtifact que é uma parte componente de uma válvula de retenção e que possui uma BackflowPreventionFunction, consistindo em um elemento mecânico que previne o refluxo de fluido bloqueando fisicamente o caminho de fluxo quando as condições de pressão indicam potencial refluxo.
Constructive type defined by structural role and mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force classification of any artifact with backflow prevention function and check valve association, potentially including hybrid or specialized designs that should not be automatically classified as standard closure members without domain expert validation.
Every check valve closure member is a MaterialArtifact that is component part of some check valve and bears some BackflowPreventionFunction
christmas tree
árvore de natal
A christmas tree is an assembly that bears a well fluid control function, is connected to a wellhead, and contains master valves for controlling formation fluids from oil and gas wells.
∀x (ChristmasTree(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(WellFluidControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Wellhead(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)) ∧ ∃v(MasterValve(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v))))
Uma árvore de natal é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluidos de poço, está conectada a uma cabeça de poço, e contém válvulas mestras para controlar fluidos de formação de poços de petróleo e gás.
Every christmas tree is an assembly that has the function to control well fluids and is connected to a wellhead and has master valves as component parts.
chromatograph
cromatógrafo
A chromatograph is a process analyzer that bears a chromatographic analysis function.
∀x (Chromatograph(x) ↔ ProcessAnalyzer(x) ∧ ∃f (ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um cromatógrafo é um analisador de processo que possui uma função de análise cromatográfica.
Every chromatograph is a process analyzer that has the function of chromatographic analysis.
compensador
compensator
A compensator is a material artifact that has the designed function of compensating for axial or radial movement between two connected elements.
Um compensador é um artefato material que tem a função projetada de compensar movimento axial ou radial entre dois elementos conectados.
Invólucro
compressor casing
A Casing that is intended for housing compressor internals including the shaft with impellers and other compressor-specific mechanical components.
∀x (CompressorCasing(x) → (Casing(x) ∧ ∃y (Compressor(y) ∧ intendedForUseWith(x,y))))
Um Invólucro que é destinado a abrigar componentes internos do compressor, incluindo o eixo com impulsores e outros componentes mecânicos específicos do compressor.
Constructive type based on structural configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for compressor-specific casing identity could lead to false positives where any enclosure intended for compressors might be classified as a standard compressor casing, including specialized or hybrid enclosures that warrant distinct classification.
CompressorCasing ⊑ Casing ⊓ ∃intendedForUseWith.Compressor
condensador
condenser
A condenser is a heat exchanger that bears a designed function to condense vapor to liquid by removing latent heat of vaporization.
∀x (Condenser(x) ↔ (HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃f(CondensationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um condensador é um trocador de calor que possui uma função projetada para condensar vapor em líquido removendo o calor latente de vaporização.
Every condenser is a heat exchanger that bears a condensation function, and every heat exchanger that bears a condensation function is a condenser.
conductivity transmitter
transmissor de condutividade
A conductivity transmitter is a transmitter that bears a conductivity measurement function.
Um transmissor de condutividade é um transmissor que possui uma função de medição de condutividade.
controlador
controller
A controller is an instrument that bears a control function, automatically regulating a controlled variable by measuring it, comparing with a reference value, and generating output signals to reduce deviation.
∀x(Controller(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(ControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um controlador é um instrumento que possui uma função de controle, regulando automaticamente uma variável controlada ao medi-la, comparar com um valor de referência e gerar sinais de saída para reduzir o desvio.
Every controller is an instrument that has the function to control a process variable by automatic feedback regulation
cooler
resfriador
A cooler is a heat exchanger that bears a CoolingFunction.
∀x (Cooler(x) ↔ HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃f (CoolingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um resfriador é um trocador de calor que possui uma FunçãoDeResfriamento.
Every cooler is a heat exchanger that has the function of cooling.
cooling tower
torre de resfriamento
A cooling tower is a heat exchanger that incorporates a tall tower structure through which air circulates by convection to remove heat from process fluids.
∀x(CoolingTower(x) ↔ HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃t(Tower(t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t)) ∧ ∃p(ConvectiveAirCirculationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Uma torre de resfriamento é um trocador de calor que incorpora uma estrutura de torre alta através da qual o ar circula por convecção para remover calor de fluidos de processo.
Every cooling tower is a heat exchanger that has a tower structure as component part at all times and participates in convective air circulation processes.
coriolis mass flow meter
medidor de vazão Coriolis
A flow meter that utilizes the Coriolis principle through specialized oscillating flow tubes to directly measure mass flow rate of fluids.
∀x(CoriolisMassFlowMeter(x) → FlowMeter(x) ∧ ∃y(CoriolisFlowTube(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(CoriolisPrinciple(z) ∧ utilizesPhysicalPrinciple(x,z)))
Um medidor de vazão que utiliza o princípio de Coriolis através de tubos de fluxo oscilantes especializados para medir diretamente a vazão mássica de fluidos.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. Under the Open World Assumption, defining sufficient conditions based on Coriolis principle usage could lead to false positives where other devices using Coriolis forces (like gyroscopes or accelerometers) might be incorrectly classified as flow meters. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions that can be validated by domain experts.
Every coriolis mass flow meter is a flow meter that has component part at all times some Coriolis flow tube and utilizes the Coriolis principle.
acoplamento
coupling
A coupling is a material artifact that bears a connection function to join separate parts or systems together.
∀x(Coupling(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(ConnectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um acoplamento é um artefato material que possui uma função de conexão para unir partes ou sistemas separados.
Every coupling is a material artifact that has the function to connect separate parts or systems together.
amortecedor
damper
A damper is an assembly that bears the designed function to suppress, regulate, or reduce unfavorable dynamic characteristics such as vibrations, pressure fluctuations, or flow disturbances.
Um amortecedor é um conjunto que possui a função projetada de suprimir, regular ou reduzir características dinâmicas desfavoráveis como vibrações, flutuações de pressão ou distúrbios de fluxo.
deaerator
desaerador
A deaerator is a separator designed to remove dissolved gases from liquid streams through specialized degassing processes.
∀x(Deaerator(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(DeaerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um desaerador é um separador projetado para remover gases dissolvidos de correntes líquidas através de processos especializados de desgaseificação.
Every deaerator is a separator that bears a deaeration function for removing dissolved gases from liquids
degaseificador
degasser
A degasser is a separator that removes gases from drilling fluids by realizing a degassing function.
∀x (Degasser(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (DegassingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um degaseificador é um separador que remove gases de fluidos de perfuração realizando uma função de degaseificação.
Every degasser is a separator that bears a degassing function and has drilling fluid as input and degassed drilling fluid plus separated gases as outputs.
dehumidifier
desumidificador
A dehumidifier is an assembly that bears the function to remove moisture from air.
∀x(Dehumidifier(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(DehumidificationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um desumidificador é um conjunto que possui a função de remover umidade do ar.
Every dehumidifier is an assembly that has the function to perform dehumidification.
dehydrator
desidratador
A dehydrator is a separator that bears the designed function of removing water and water vapor from process streams.
∀x (Dehydrator(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (DehydrationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um desidratador é um separador que possui a função projetada de remover água e vapor de água de correntes de processo.
Every dehydrator is a separator that has the function of dehydration.
demister
A demister is a separator that bears a demisting function for removing liquid droplets from gas streams through coalescence mechanisms.
∀x(Demister(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(DemistingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um demister é um separador que possui uma função de desmistificação para remover gotículas de líquido de correntes gasosas através de mecanismos de coalescência.
Every demister is a separator that has the function of demisting gas streams by coalescing and removing entrained liquid droplets.
densitometer
densitômetro
A densitometer is an instrument that bears a density measurement function.
∀x(Densitometer(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(DensityMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um densitômetro é um instrumento que possui uma função de medição de densidade.
Every densitometer is an instrument that has the function of measuring density.
detector
A detector is an instrument that bears a detection function, enabling it to sense states, substances, or phenomena and produce signals based on the detection.
Um detector é um instrumento que possui uma função de detecção, permitindo-lhe detectar estados, substâncias ou fenômenos e produzir sinais baseados na detecção.
analisador de ponto de orvalho
dew point analyser
A dew point analyser is an instrument that bears a dew point measurement function.
∀x(DewPointAnalyser(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(DewPointMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um analisador de ponto de orvalho é um instrumento que possui uma função de medição de ponto de orvalho.
Every dew point analyser is an instrument that has the function to determine the dew point of a substance
atuador de diafragma
diaphragm actuator
A diaphragm actuator is an actuator that uses a diaphragm as an essential component for converting control signals into mechanical motion or force to operate other equipment.
Um atuador de diafragma é um atuador que utiliza um diafragma como componente essencial para converter sinais de controle em movimento mecânico ou força para operar outros equipamentos.
Classification basis is constructive - identity given by diaphragm mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force any equipment with a diaphragm component to be classified as a diaphragm actuator, potentially including complex hybrid systems or custom equipment where the diaphragm serves auxiliary functions. Starting with necessary conditions protects against such false positives.
bomba de diafragma
diaphragm pump
A diaphragm pump is a reciprocating pump that uses flexible diaphragms to displace liquid and seal the pumped fluid from atmospheric leakage.
∀x(DiaphragmPump(x) → (ReciprocatingPump(x) ∧ ∃d(FlexibleDiaphragm(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃p(DiaphragmSealing(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))))
Uma bomba de diafragma é uma bomba alternativa que usa diafragmas flexíveis para deslocar líquido e selar o fluido bombeado contra vazamento atmosférico.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under OWA, any pump with a flexible diaphragm component could be classified as a diaphragm pump, but there may be hybrid or specialized equipment containing diaphragms that should not be automatically classified into this maintenance category.
Every diaphragm pump is a reciprocating pump that has flexible diaphragm as component part at all times and participates in diaphragm sealing.
diesel engine
motor diesel
A diesel engine is an engine that ignites fuel through compression heat rather than spark ignition, requiring compression ignition and fuel injection systems.
Um motor diesel é um motor que inflama combustível através do calor de compressão em vez de ignição por centelha, requerendo sistemas de ignição por compressão e injeção de combustível.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While compression ignition is characteristic of diesel engines, under OWA we cannot be certain that any engine with compression ignition systems is necessarily a diesel engine - there could be hybrid or specialized engines with similar mechanisms that should not be auto-classified as standard diesel engines without expert validation.
differential pressure measuring element
elemento medidor de pressão diferencial
A pressure element that bears a differential pressure measurement function and that consists in sensing the pressure difference between two fluid media or connection points to enable measurement of differential pressure through mechanical deflection proportional to the pressure difference.
Um elemento de pressão que porta uma função de medição de pressão diferencial e que consiste em detectar a diferença de pressão entre duas mídias fluidas ou pontos de conexão para permitir a medição de pressão diferencial através de deflexão mecânica proporcional à diferença de pressão.
differential pressure switch
interruptor de pressão diferencial
A differential pressure switch is a pressure switch that bears a differential pressure switching function to switch or provide on/off signals when the measured differential pressure between two inputs reaches a pre-set value.
∀x(DifferentialPressureSwitch(x) ↔ PressureSwitch(x) ∧ ∃f(DifferentialPressureSwitchingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um interruptor de pressão diferencial é um interruptor de pressão que possui uma função de comutação de pressão diferencial para comutar ou fornecer sinais liga/desliga quando a pressão diferencial medida entre duas entradas atinge um valor pré-estabelecido.
Every differential pressure switch is a pressure switch that has the function to switch based on differential pressure measurements between two pressure inputs.
diffuser
difusor
A diffuser is an assembly that has the designed function of converting kinetic energy of fluid flow into pressure energy through controlled deceleration in a diverging passage.
∀x(Diffuser(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnergyDiffusionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um difusor é um conjunto que tem a função projetada de converter energia cinética do fluxo de fluido em energia de pressão através de desaceleração controlada em uma passagem divergente.
Every diffuser is an assembly that bears an energy diffusion function and has a diverging channel as component part at all times.
display
A Display is an Instrument that bears an InformationDisplayFunction and that presents information visually to operators or users.
∀x(Display(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(InformationDisplayFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um Display é um Instrumento que possui uma InformationDisplayFunction e que apresenta informações visualmente para operadores ou usuários.
Display is an Instrument that necessarily bears an InformationDisplayFunction
coluna de destilação
distillation column
A distillation column is a separator that bears a distillation function to enable separation of fluid mixtures based on differences in component boiling points through vapor-liquid equilibrium.
∀x (DistillationColumn(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (DistillationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Uma coluna de destilação é um separador que possui uma função de destilação para permitir a separação de misturas de fluidos baseada nas diferenças dos pontos de ebulição dos componentes através do equilíbrio vapor-líquido.
Every distillation column is a separator that has the function to perform distillation processes
diverter
A diverter is a material artifact that bears a designed function to divert or redirect materials, fluids, or flows from their expected course to alternative paths or destinations.
∀x(Diverter(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(DivertingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um diverter é um artefato material que possui uma função projetada para desviar ou redirecionar materiais, fluidos ou fluxos de seu curso esperado para caminhos ou destinos alternativos.
Every diverter is a material artifact that has the function of diverting materials or flows from expected paths to alternative destinations.
drive shaft
eixo de transmissão
A drive shaft is an Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and consists in a shaft-based system used to transfer rotational mechanical energy from a prime mover to multiple driven machines.
Um eixo de transmissão é um Assembly que possui uma PowerTransmissionFunction e consiste em um sistema baseado em eixo usado para transferir energia mecânica rotacional de um motor primário para múltiplas máquinas acionadas.
dryer
secador
A dryer is an assembly that bears a drying function to remove moisture from materials.
∀x (Dryer(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(DryingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um secador é um conjunto que possui uma função de secagem para remover umidade de materiais.
Every dryer is an assembly that has the function of drying materials by removing moisture.
eductor
edutor
An eductor is a pump that uses a high-pressure motive fluid jet to create a low-pressure zone that entrains and moves a second fluid via momentum transfer.
∀x(Eductor(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃n(MotiveFluidNozzle(n) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,n)) ∧ ∃t(VenturaThroat(t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t)) ∧ ∃p(JetEntrainmentProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Um edutor é uma bomba que usa um jato de fluido motriz de alta pressão para criar uma zona de baixa pressão que arrasta e move um segundo fluido via transferência de momento.
The constructive differentia based on jet entrainment mechanism could potentially apply to hybrid or specialized equipment that incorporates eductor principles but should not be automatically classified as a standard eductor type. Under OWA, necessary conditions protect against false positive classifications.
Every eductor is a pump that has a motive fluid nozzle and Ventura throat as component parts and participates in a jet entrainment process.
atuador elétrico
electric actuator
An electric actuator is an actuator that converts electrical energy to mechanical movement through an electric-to-mechanical converter component and operates via electrical signal input.
Um atuador elétrico é um atuador que converte energia elétrica em movimento mecânico através de um componente conversor elétrico-mecânico e opera via entrada de sinal elétrico.
Constructive classification based on electrical energy conversion mechanism. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any artifact with electrical-to-mechanical conversion into this category, potentially misclassifying specialized hybrid equipment or complex electrical machinery that should not be categorized as standard actuators.
electric generator
gerador elétrico
An electric generator is an assembly that bears the function of converting non-electric energy into electric energy
∀x (ElectricGenerator(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ElectricEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um gerador elétrico é um conjunto que possui a função de converter energia não-elétrica em energia elétrica
Every electric generator is an assembly that has the function to convert non-electric energy into electric energy
conexão elétrica
electrical connection
An electrical connection is a MaterialArtifact that bears an ElectricalConductionFunction and that provides a pathway for electrical current to pass from one electrical apparatus to another.
Uma conexão elétrica é um MaterialArtifact que possui uma ElectricalConductionFunction e que fornece um caminho para a corrente elétrica passar de um aparelho elétrico para outro.
conector elétrico
electrical connector
An electrical connector is an electrical equipment that bears an electrical connection function and that maintains intimate electrical contact between two or more electrical conductor parts to enable continuous current flow.
Um conector elétrico é um equipamento elétrico que possui uma função de conexão elétrica e que mantém contato elétrico íntimo entre duas ou mais partes de condutor elétrico para permitir fluxo contínuo de corrente.
engine
motor
An engine is a motor that converts chemical fuel energy into mechanical force and motion through combustion processes.
∀x (Engine(x) ↔ Motor(x) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(ChemicalFuelPortion(p) ∧ hasInput(x,p)) ∧ ∃c(CombustionProcess(c) ∧ participatesIn(x,c)))
Um motor é um motor que converte energia de combustível químico em força mecânica e movimento através de processos de combustão.
Every Engine is a Motor that has function MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction and has input ChemicalFuelPortion and participates in CombustionProcess.
expansion joint
junta de expansão
An expansion joint is a material artifact that bears the designed function of accommodating thermal expansion and contraction between connected components through inherent flexibility while maintaining structural integrity.
Uma junta de expansão é um artefato material que possui a função projetada de acomodar expansão e contração térmica entre componentes conectados através de flexibilidade inerente, mantendo a integridade estrutural.
cartucho de filtro
filter cartridge
A filter cartridge is a filter that has a replaceable filter medium in a cartridge form factor designed for insertion into and removal from a filter housing.
∀x (FilterCartridge(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃m (ReplaceableFilterMedium(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃p (CartridgeGeometryProperty(p) ∧ bearerOf(x,p)))
Um cartucho de filtro é um filtro que possui um meio filtrante substituível em formato de cartucho projetado para inserção e remoção de um alojamento de filtro.
Constructive type where the structural differentia (cartridge geometry and replaceability) is necessary but making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives - other equipment containing replaceable filter elements might be incorrectly classified as filter cartridges rather than their proper specialized categories.
Every filter cartridge is a filter that has a replaceable filter medium as component part and bears a cartridge geometry property.
elemento filtrante
filter element
A Filter that is made from filter media and that is a component part of a filter assembly.
∀x(FilterElement(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃m(FilterMedia(m) ∧ madeFrom(x,m)) ∧ ∃a(FilterAssembly(a) ∧ componentPartOf(x,a)))
Um Filtro que é feito de meio filtrante e que é uma parte componente de um conjunto de filtro.
Constructive classification based on material composition (filter media) and mereological relationship (component of assembly). Under OWA, asserting equivalence could lead to unintended classification of any artifact made from filter media as a filter element, including specialized or hybrid components that contain filter media but serve different primary functions.
FilterElement SubClassOf Filter and (madeFrom some FilterMedia) and (componentPartOf some FilterAssembly)
filter press
prensa filtrante
A filter press is a filter that applies mechanical compression force to enhance the separation of substances through a pressurized filtration process.
∀x(FilterPress(x) → Filter(x) ∧ ∃p(PressureMechanism(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)) ∧ ∃proc(MechanicalCompressionProcess(proc) ∧ participatesIn(x,proc)))
Uma prensa filtrante é um filtro que aplica força de compressão mecânica para melhorar a separação de substâncias através de um processo de filtração pressurizada.
Using necessary conditions because this is classified as 'both' functional and constructive. The structural differentia (pressure mechanism and compression process) involves specific mechanical configurations that are harder to make sufficient under Open World Assumption without detailed engineering specifications.
Every filter press is a filter that has a pressure mechanism as part and participates in mechanical compression processes.
finned tube heat exchanger
trocador de calor de tubos aletados
A finned tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned tubes as the primary heat transfer surface enhancement mechanism.
∀x(FinnedTubeHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃y(FinnedTube(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
Um trocador de calor de tubos aletados é um trocador de calor que possui tubos aletados como mecanismo primário de aumento da superfície de transferência de calor.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While finned tubes are the defining structural feature, making sufficient conditions (equivalence) under Open World Assumption could lead to false positives where any assembly containing finned tubes would be classified as this specific heat exchanger type, including complex multi-function equipment or specialized hybrid systems.
Every finned tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has finned tubes as component parts at all times
aquecedor a combustão
fired heater
A fired heater is a heater that burns fuel (solid, liquid, or gas) to generate heat for transfer to a process fluid medium.
∀x(FiredHeater(x) ↔ (Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(FiredHeatingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um aquecedor a combustão é um aquecedor que queima combustível (sólido, líquido ou gasoso) para gerar calor para transferência para um fluido de processo.
Every fired heater is a heater that bears a FiredHeatingFunction
arrestador de chama
flame arrestor
A flame arrestor is a safety device that bears a flame arrest function to prevent flames from entering a system through an opening.
∀x(FlameArrestor(x) ↔ SafetyDevice(x) ∧ ∃f(FlameArrestFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um arrestador de chama é um dispositivo de segurança que possui uma função de arrestar chama para prevenir que chamas entrem em um sistema através de uma abertura.
Every flame arrestor is a safety device that has the function of arresting flames and processes gaseous portions while preventing flame propagation.
detector de chama
flame detector
A flame detector is a detector that has the function to detect the presence of flames.
Um detector de chama é um detector que tem a função de detectar a presença de chamas.
flange
A flange is a material artifact characterized by a projecting flat rim, plate, collar, or rib geometry, designed to provide mechanical connection between components.
∀x(Flange(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃g(ProjectingFlatRimGeometry(g) ∧ hasCharacteristic(x,g)) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalConnectionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
Um flange é um artefato material caracterizado por uma geometria de aro plano projetante, placa, colar ou nervura, projetado para fornecer conexão mecânica entre componentes.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by structural geometry. Under OWA, any artifact with projecting flat rim geometry would be forced into the flange category, which could incorrectly classify specialized equipment or complex assemblies that contain flange-like features but serve different primary functions.
Every flange is a material artifact that has a projecting flat rim geometry and has the function of mechanically connecting components.
flare
A flare is a burner that safely disposes of unwanted gases through controlled combustion at an elevated location.
∀x (Flare(x) ↔ (Burner(x) ∧ ∃f (WasteGasDisposalFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um flare é um queimador que descarta com segurança gases indesejados através de combustão controlada em local elevado.
Every flare is a burner that bears a waste gas disposal function and has component parts flare tip, flare stack, and pilot system.
flare tip
queimador de flare
A flare tip is a burner that specifically burns waste gas emitted from industrial processes and discharges the combustion products into the atmosphere.
∀x(FlareTip(x) ↔ Burner(x) ∧ ∃f(WasteGasDisposalFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um queimador de flare é um queimador que especificamente queima gás residual emitido de processos industriais e descarrega os produtos de combustão na atmosfera.
Every flare tip is a burner that has the function to dispose of waste gas from processes by burning it into the atmosphere
flash drum
tambor de flash
A flash drum is a separator that performs flash vaporization to separate lighter components (which vaporize and are drawn off at the top) from heavier components (which remain liquid and are drawn off at the bottom).
∀x(FlashDrum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(FlashVaporizationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um tambor de flash é um separador que realiza vaporização flash para separar componentes mais leves (que vaporizam e são retirados no topo) de componentes mais pesados (que permanecem líquidos e são retirados no fundo).
Every flash drum is a separator that bears a flash vaporization function and has a vapor outlet, liquid outlet, and feed inlet.
flexible riser
riser flexível
A flexible riser is a riser that has flexible material construction allowing vertical or near-vertical fluid conduction between seabed and surface while accommodating vessel movement.
∀x(FlexibleRiser(x) → Riser(x) ∧ ∃q(FlexibleProperty(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)))
Um riser flexível é um riser que possui construção de material flexível permitindo condução de fluido vertical ou quase vertical entre o fundo do mar e a superfície, acomodando o movimento da embarcação.
Constructive type where flexibility is a material/structural property. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any pipe with flexible qualities to be classified as a flexible riser, even if it serves different functions or has different deployment contexts. Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
Every flexible riser is a riser that has a flexible property
flow meter
medidor de vazão
A flow meter is an instrument that bears a function to measure flow rate and produce corresponding signals or indications.
∀x(FlowMeter(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um medidor de vazão é um instrumento que possui uma função de medir taxa de fluxo e produzir sinais ou indicações correspondentes.
Every flow meter is an instrument that bears a flow measurement function and has component parts including a flow sensing element and signal processing unit
flow switch
interruptor de fluxo
A flow switch is an instrument that bears a flow switching function to automatically open or close electrical circuits when fluid flow rate reaches predetermined threshold values.
Um interruptor de fluxo é um instrumento que possui uma função de comutação de fluxo para automaticamente abrir ou fechar circuitos elétricos quando a taxa de fluxo de fluido atinge valores de limiar predeterminados.
flowline
linha de fluxo
A flowline is a pipeline that transports oil, gas, or water directly from a wellhead to a manifold or production facility.
∀x(Flowline(x) ↔ Pipeline(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidTransportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Wellhead(w) ∧ connectsDirectly(x,w)) ∧ ∃m((Manifold(m) ∨ ProductionFacility(m)) ∧ connectsDirectly(x,m)) ∧ ∃h(HydrocarbonFluid(h) ∧ hasInput(x,h)))
Uma linha de fluxo é um duto que transporta óleo, gás ou água diretamente de uma cabeça de poço para um manifold ou instalação de produção.
Every flowline is a pipeline that bears a fluid transport function, has a wellhead connection, has a manifold or production facility connection, and transports hydrocarbon fluids.
forno
furnace
A furnace is a heater that bears the function to induce chemical reactions in process fluids through heating.
∀x(Furnace(x) ↔ Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(ReactiveHeatingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um forno é um aquecedor que possui a função de induzir reações químicas em fluidos de processo através do aquecimento.
Every furnace is a heater that has the function to induce reactions in process fluids by heating them.
fuse
fusível
A fuse is an electrical equipment that protects circuits by interrupting current flow through the intentional melting of a fusible element when current exceeds specified values for a sufficient duration.
Um fusível é um equipamento elétrico que protege circuitos interrompendo o fluxo de corrente através do derretimento intencional de um elemento fusível quando a corrente excede valores especificados por uma duração suficiente.
gas cyclone separator
separador ciclônico de gás
A gas cyclone separator is a separator that separates solid particles or liquid droplets from gas using centrifugal force generated by cyclonic flow geometry.
∀x (GasCycloneSeparator(x) → Separator(x) ∧ ∃y(CyclonicFlowChamber(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(CentrifugalSeparationProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
Um separador ciclônico de gás é um separador que separa partículas sólidas ou gotículas líquidas do gás usando força centrífuga gerada pela geometria de fluxo ciclônico.
Constructive type defined by cyclonic mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any device with cyclonic flow chamber could be falsely classified as gas cyclone separator, including specialized multi-stage cyclones or hybrid separator designs that should not be forced into this standard maintenance category.
Every gas cyclone separator is a separator that has a cyclonic flow chamber as component part and participates in centrifugal separation processes.
detector de gás
gas detector
A gas detector is a detector that has the designed function to sense the presence of a specified concentration of a gas.
∀x(GasDetector(x) ↔ (Detector(x) ∧ ∃f(GasDetectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um detector de gás é um detector que tem a função projetada de detectar a presença de uma concentração especificada de um gás.
Every gas detector is a detector that bears a GasDetectionFunction and has a GasDetectingMeasuringElement as component part at all times.
gas engine
motor a gás
A gas engine is an engine that uses gaseous fuel as input, employs a spark ignition system, and operates with a reciprocating piston mechanism to generate mechanical energy.
∀x(GasEngine(x) → Engine(x) ∧ ∃f,s,r(GaseousFuelPortion(f) ∧ SparkIgnitionSystem(s) ∧ ReciprocatingPistonMechanism(r) ∧ hasInput(x,f) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r)))
Um motor a gás é um motor que usa combustível gasoso como entrada, emprega um sistema de ignição por centelha e opera com um mecanismo de pistão alternativo para gerar energia mecânica.
Gas engine is defined by constructive characteristics (gaseous fuel, spark ignition, reciprocating mechanism) rather than a unique function. Under Open World Assumption, making these conditions sufficient could lead to false positives where complex hybrid engines or experimental designs with these features are automatically classified as standard gas engines when they might require different maintenance/operational categories.
Every gas engine is an engine that has gaseous fuel portion as input and has spark ignition system as component part at all times and has reciprocating piston mechanism as component part at all times.
gas turbine
turbina a gás
A gas turbine is a turbine that has an integrated compressor and combustion chamber, designed to compress ambient air, mix it with fuel for combustion, and expand the resulting hot gases through a turbine section to generate mechanical power.
Uma turbina a gás é uma turbina que possui um compressor e câmara de combustão integrados, projetada para comprimir ar ambiente, misturá-lo com combustível para combustão, e expandir os gases quentes resultantes através de uma seção de turbina para gerar energia mecânica.
gasket
junta
A gasket is a material artifact made of deformable material arranged in closed loops that bears a sealing function to prevent leakage between mating surfaces with limited relative movement.
∀x(Gasket(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SealingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃m(DeformableMaterial(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃g(ClosedLoopGeometry(g) ∧ hasProperty(x,g)))
Uma junta é um artefato material feito de material deformável arranjado em loops fechados que possui uma função de vedação para prevenir vazamentos entre superfícies de acoplamento com movimento relativo limitado.
Every gasket is a material artifact that has component part some deformable material and bears some sealing function and has property some closed loop geometry.
carcaça de caixa de engrenagens
gear casing
A casing that contains and houses the internal components of a gear mechanism, providing protective enclosure and structural support.
∀x(GearCasing(x) → casing(x) ∧ ∃y(GearMechanism(y) ∧ hasContent(x,y)))
Um invólucro que contém e abriga os componentes internos de um mecanismo de engrenagem, fornecendo invólucro protetor e suporte estrutural.
This is a constructive type defined by its physical configuration as a specific type of casing. Under OWA, declaring equivalence could lead to over-classification where any casing containing gear-like components might be inappropriately classified as a standard gear casing, including custom enclosures or hybrid systems that should not fall into this maintenance category.
GearCasing ⊑ casing ⊓ ∃hasContent.GearMechanism
bomba de engrenagem
gear pump
A gear pump is a pump that contains gear teeth within a casing or enclosure to transport liquid at relatively high back pressures through meshing action.
∀x (GearPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃g,c (GearMechanism(g) ∧ PumpCasing(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
Uma bomba de engrenagem é uma bomba que contém dentes de engrenagem dentro de um invólucro ou carcaça para transportar líquido em pressões de retorno relativamente altas através de ação de engrenamento.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the gear mechanism is definitionally necessary for gear pumps, making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives - any complex equipment containing gears (like gearboxes with integrated pumps or multi-function units) might be incorrectly classified as standard gear pumps for maintenance purposes.
Every gear pump is a pump that has as component part at all times a gear mechanism and a pump casing, and bears a pumping function.
gear wheel
roda dentada
An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power.
Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui dentes circunferenciais para engajamento mecânico positivo com engrenagens ou cremalheiras correspondentes para transmitir movimento rotacional e potência.
Constructive differentia based on physical structure (toothed geometry). Under OWA, asserting equivalence could force classification of complex hybrid mechanisms or specialized toothed components that should not be categorized as standard gear wheels for maintenance purposes.
corpo de válvula globo
globe valve body
A valve body that has a globular geometry designed to accommodate the perpendicular flow path and disc closure mechanism characteristic of globe valve operation.
∀x (GlobeValveBody(x) → ValveBody(x) ∧ ∃g (GlobularGeometry(g) ∧ hasDesignCharacteristic(x,g)))
Um corpo de válvula que possui geometria globular projetada para acomodar o caminho de fluxo perpendicular e o mecanismo de fechamento por disco característico da operação de válvula globo.
Constructive type defined by structural geometry. Under OWA, asserting equivalence based on globular geometry alone could lead to false classifications of complex assemblies or hybrid components that contain globular elements but should not be classified as standard globe valve bodies.
Every globe valve body is a valve body that has globular geometry for perpendicular flow path accommodation.
gravity separator
separador gravitacional
A gravity separator is a separator that performs separation based on differences in specific gravity of the substances being separated.
∀x(GravitySeparator(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(GravitySeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um separador gravitacional é um separador que realiza separação baseada nas diferenças de gravidade específica das substâncias sendo separadas.
Every gravity separator is a separator that bears a GravitySeparationFunction
header
A header is a manifold that connects to many smaller pipes for collecting discharge from multiple sources or distributing fluid to multiple destinations.
∀x(Header(x) ↔ (manifold(x) ∧ ∃y(SmallPipe(y) ∧ connects_to(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(MultiStreamDistributionProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z))))
Um header é um manifold que se conecta a muitos tubos menores para coletar descarga de múltiplas fontes ou distribuir fluido para múltiplos destinos.
Header ≡ manifold ⊓ ∃connects_to.SmallPipe ⊓ ∃participatesIn.MultiStreamDistributionProcess
MaterialArtifact que possui uma HeatTransferFunction e
heat transfer plate
A MaterialArtifact that bears a HeatTransferFunction and that is intended to be used in a non-tubular heat exchanger to segregate two fluid media while facilitating thermal energy transfer between them.
∀x(HeatTransferPlate(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(HeatTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(MediaSeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma HeatTransferFunction e que é destinado a ser usado em um trocador de calor não tubular para segregar dois meios fluidos enquanto facilita a transferência de energia térmica entre eles.
Constructive classification basis requires necessary conditions only. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for 'plate geometry used in non-tubular heat exchangers' could lead to false positives - other components with plate-like surfaces might be incorrectly classified as heat transfer plates without domain expert validation of the structural and application-specific criteria.
Every heat transfer plate is a MaterialArtifact that bears a HeatTransferFunction and participates in segregating two fluid media in a non-tubular heat exchanger.
hopper
A hopper is a vessel that is designed to store solid materials and dispense them through a controlled discharge opening.
∀x(Hopper(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(SolidStorageAndDispensingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(SolidDischargeOpening(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))))
Um hopper é um vaso projetado para armazenar materiais sólidos e dispensá-los através de uma abertura de descarga controlada.
Every hopper is a vessel that bears a SolidStorageAndDispensingFunction and has a SolidDischargeOpening as component part.
hose
mangueira
A hose is a flexible pipe designed to conduct liquids under pressure while accommodating positional movement and bending.
∀x (Hose(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃q(Flexibility(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃c(PressurizedFluidConduction(c) ∧ capableOf(x,c)))
Uma mangueira é um tubo flexível projetado para conduzir líquidos sob pressão enquanto acomoda movimento posicional e flexão.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical properties (flexibility). Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any artifact with flexibility and pressure capability to be classified as a hose, potentially including complex equipment with flexible components that should not be categorized as standard hoses.
Every hose is a pipe that has flexibility and is capable of conducting liquids under pressure.
carcaça
housing
An Assembly that bears both an EnclosureFunction and a SupportFunction, providing protective boundaries around internal components while structurally supporting them.
∀x (Housing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f₁(EnclosureFunction(f₁) ∧ bearerOf(x,f₁)) ∧ ∃f₂(SupportFunction(f₂) ∧ bearerOf(x,f₂)))
Um Assembly que possui tanto uma EnclosureFunction quanto uma SupportFunction, fornecendo limites protetivos ao redor de componentes internos enquanto os suporta estruturalmente.
Constructive type based on physical configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force any assembly with enclosure and support functions to be classified as a standard housing, potentially misclassifying specialized equipment with housing-like properties but different maintenance categories.
Housing SubClassOf Assembly and (bearerOf some EnclosureFunction) and (bearerOf some SupportFunction)
atuador hidráulico
hydraulic actuator
A hydraulic actuator is an actuator that converts hydraulic fluid pressure into mechanical motion through hydraulic power transmission.
Um atuador hidráulico é um atuador que converte pressão de fluido hidráulico em movimento mecânico através de transmissão de potência hidráulica.
Constructive classification based on hydraulic power source. Under Open World Assumption, asserting equivalence could incorrectly classify complex hydraulic-mechanical hybrid systems or specialized equipment containing hydraulic actuator components as standard hydraulic actuators.
hydraulic motor
motor hidráulico
A hydraulic motor is a motor that generates mechanical energy by converting high pressure hydraulic oil to rotational motion.
∀x(HydraulicMotor(x) → Motor(x) ∧ ∃f,p(HydraulicFluidPortion(f) ∧ hasInput(x,f) ∧ HydraulicToMechanicalEnergyConversionProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Um motor hidráulico é um motor que gera energia mecânica convertendo óleo hidráulico de alta pressão em movimento rotacional.
Constructive classification based on hydraulic mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any device with hydraulic input might be misclassified as a hydraulic motor without domain expert validation of the complete structural requirements.
Every hydraulic motor is a motor that has hydraulic fluid input and participates in hydraulic-to-mechanical energy conversion process
bomba hidráulica
hydraulic pump
A hydraulic pump is a positive displacement pump that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy for hydraulic drive systems.
Uma bomba hidráulica é uma bomba de deslocamento positivo que converte energia mecânica em energia hidráulica para sistemas de acionamento hidráulico.
hidrociclone
hydrocyclone
A hydrocyclone is a separator that separates fluid mixtures using centrifugal forces generated by tangential flow through a conical chamber.
∀x(Hydrocyclone(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃c(ConicalSection(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)) ∧ ∃p(CentrifugalSeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Um hidrociclone é um separador que separa misturas de fluidos usando forças centrífugas geradas por fluxo tangencial através de uma câmara cônica.
Every hydrocyclone is a separator that has a conical section as component part at all times and participates in centrifugal separation processes.
impeller
impulsor
An impeller is an assembly consisting of rotating vanes mounted on a hub that transfers energy to or from fluids through dynamic rotational force within an enclosure.
∀x(Impeller(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃v,h(RotatingVanes(v) ∧ Hub(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h) ∧ ∃m(RotationalMotion(m) ∧ participatesIn(x,m)) ∧ ∃f(EnergyTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um impulsor é um conjunto que consiste em pás rotativas montadas em um cubo que transfere energia para ou de fluidos através de força rotacional dinâmica dentro de um invólucro.
Constructive classification based on physical mechanism. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions for the rotating vane assembly could lead to false positives where other rotating equipment with vanes (like turbine rotors or fan assemblies) might be incorrectly classified as impellers when they should remain in their specific equipment categories.
Every impeller is an assembly that has rotating vanes and a hub as component parts at all times, participates in rotational motion, and bears an energy transfer function.
incinerador
incinerator
An incinerator is a furnace that is designed to combust waste material for disposal purposes.
∀x(Incinerator(x) ↔ Furnace(x) ∧ ∃f(WasteCombustionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um incinerador é um forno que é projetado para combustir material de resíduo para fins de descarte.
Every incinerator is a furnace that bears a waste combustion function.
bomba de injeção
injection pump
An injection pump is a pump that is specifically designed to inject fluid into reservoirs or production systems, typically at relatively high pressures.
∀x(InjectionPump(x) ↔ Pump(x) ∧ ∃f(InjectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma bomba de injeção é uma bomba especificamente projetada para injetar fluido em reservatórios ou sistemas de produção, tipicamente em pressões relativamente altas.
Every injection pump is a pump that bears an injection function for delivering fluids to reservoirs or production systems.
injection well
poço de injeção
An injection well is a well that bears the designed function of injecting materials into a reservoir at pressure higher than formation pressure.
∀x (InjectionWell(x) ↔ (Well(x) ∧ ∃f (InjectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um poço de injeção é um poço que possui a função projetada de injetar materiais em um reservatório a uma pressão superior à pressão da formação.
Every injection well is a well that has the function to inject materials into a reservoir under pressure.
eixo de entrada
input shaft
An input shaft is a shaft that serves as the entrance point for mechanical energy from an external energy source in a power transmission system.
Um eixo de entrada é um eixo que serve como ponto de entrada para energia mecânica de uma fonte de energia externa em um sistema de transmissão de potência.
Constructive type based on physical configuration as energy entrance point. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions could lead to false positives where any shaft receiving external energy input would be classified as a standard input shaft, even specialized or hybrid configurations that should remain in different maintenance categories.
kettle reboiler
refervedor tipo kettle
A kettle reboiler is a reboiler that has horizontal orientation and contains a separate vapour space for vapor-liquid disengagement.
∀x(KettleReboiler(x) → Reboiler(x) ∧ ∃q(HorizontalOrientation(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃v(SeparateVapourSpace(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v)))
Um refervedor tipo kettle é um refervedor que possui orientação horizontal e contém um espaço de vapor separado para desengajamento vapor-líquido.
Constructive type defined by specific physical configuration. Under Open World Assumption, sufficient conditions could incorrectly classify equipment with horizontal orientation and vapor space but fundamentally different purposes (e.g., horizontal separators, flash drums) as kettle reboilers. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions for the kettle reboiler maintenance/procurement category.
Every kettle reboiler is a reboiler that has horizontal orientation and has a separate vapour space as component part.
knock out drum
vaso separador de condensado
A knock out drum is a separator designed to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapor stream through gravitational and momentum-based phase separation.
∀x(KnockOutDrum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(KnockOutSeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um vaso separador de condensado é um separador projetado para separar quantidades relativamente pequenas de líquido de uma corrente de vapor através de separação de fases gravitacional e baseada em momento.
Every knock out drum is a separator that bears a knock out separation function, which is realized in processes that separate small quantities of liquid from vapor streams.
interruptor de nível
level switch
A level switch is an instrument that bears a LevelSwitchingFunction, combining level detection with switching capability to provide discrete on/off electrical signals when fluid or particulate material levels reach preset values.
Um interruptor de nível é um instrumento que possui uma Função de Comutação de Nível, combinando detecção de nível com capacidade de comutação para fornecer sinais elétricos discretos ligado/desligado quando níveis de fluidos ou materiais particulados atingem valores predefinidos.
célula de carga
load cell
A load cell is an instrument that converts mechanical force (tension, compression, pressure, or torque) into a proportional electrical signal for measurement purposes.
Uma célula de carga é um instrumento que converte força mecânica (tração, compressão, pressão ou torque) em um sinal elétrico proporcional para fins de medição.
manifold
A manifold is an assembly that has a chamber with multiple fluid openings designed to distribute fluid flow.
∀x(Manifold(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃c(Chamber(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)) ∧ ∃o(MultipleFluidOpenings(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o)) ∧ ∃f(FluidDistributionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um manifold é um conjunto que possui uma câmara com múltiplas aberturas de fluido projetada para distribuir o fluxo de fluido.
As a constructive type, manifolds are defined by structural configuration. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any assembly with a chamber and multiple openings to be classified as a manifold, potentially misclassifying complex equipment with manifold-like components (e.g., turbine casings, complex valves). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
Every manifold is an assembly that has-component-part-at-all-times some chamber and has-component-part-at-all-times some multiple fluid openings and bears some fluid distribution function.
atuador manual
manual actuator
A manual actuator is an actuator that converts human-operated control inputs into mechanical movement or force through direct physical operation.
Um atuador manual é um atuador que converte entradas de controle operadas por humanos em movimento mecânico ou força através de operação física direta.
mill
moinho
A mill is an assembly that bears a material processing function to reduce particle size or modify solid materials through mechanical grinding, cutting, or crushing operations.
∀x(Mill(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(MaterialProcessingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um moinho é um conjunto que possui uma função de processamento de material para reduzir o tamanho de partículas ou modificar materiais sólidos através de operações mecânicas de moagem, corte ou trituração.
Every mill is an assembly that has the function to process materials, and every assembly that has the function to process materials is a mill.
misturador
mixer
A mixer is an assembly that has the designed function to blend or combine two or more fluid ingredients into a homogeneous mixture.
∀x (Mixer(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f (MixingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um misturador é um conjunto que tem a função projetada de misturar ou combinar dois ou mais ingredientes fluidos em uma mistura homogênea.
Every mixer is an assembly that bears a mixing function, and every assembly that bears a mixing function is a mixer.
A motor is an assembly that bears a mechanical energy generation function to convert electrical, chemical, pneumatic, or hydraulic energy into rotational mechanical energy.
∀x(Motor(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃e(RotationalKineticEnergy(e) ∧ hasOutput(x,e)))
Um motor é um conjunto que possui uma função de geração de energia mecânica para converter energia elétrica, química, pneumática ou hidráulica em energia mecânica rotacional.
Every motor is an assembly that has the function of generating mechanical energy and has as output rotational kinetic energy.
bocal
nozzle
A nozzle is a material artifact that has a protruding part with a shaped orifice designed to direct fluid flow into a specific pattern.
∀x(Nozzle(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidDirectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃o(ShapedOrifice(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o)) ∧ ∃p(ProtrudingPart(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
Um bocal é um artefato material que possui uma parte protuberante com um orifício moldado projetado para direcionar o fluxo de fluido em um padrão específico.
Every nozzle is a material artifact that bears a fluid direction function and has a shaped orifice and protruding part as component parts.
eixo de saída
output shaft
A Shaft that participates in mechanical energy output processes, serving as the exit point for mechanical energy transmission from a prime mover to external energy consuming equipment.
Um Eixo que participa em processos de saída de energia mecânica, servindo como ponto de saída para transmissão de energia mecânica de um motor primário para equipamentos consumidores de energia externos.
Constructive type based on positional role within mechanical systems. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would be difficult to specify without risk of misclassifying intermediate shafts or complex multi-shaft arrangements that happen to have output characteristics.
lançador de pig
pig launcher
A pig launcher is a vessel that bears a pig launching function for inserting pipeline pigs into pipeline systems.
∀x(PigLauncher(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(PigLaunchingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(PipelineConnection(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))
Um lançador de pig é um vaso que possui função de lançamento de pig para inserir pigs de duto em sistemas de tubulação.
Every pig launcher is a vessel that has the function to launch pipeline pigs and has a pipeline connection component.
pig receiver
recebedor de pig
A pig receiver is a vessel that has the function to receive pipe pigs from a pipeline.
∀x (PigReceiver(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(PigReceivingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um recebedor de pig é um vaso que tem a função de receber pigs de tubulação de um duto.
Every pig receiver is a vessel that bears a pig receiving function.
armadilha de pig
pig trap
A pig trap is an assembly that bears the function of launching and receiving pipe pigs for pipeline maintenance and has both launcher and receiver components.
∀x(PigTrap(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(PigLaunchingAndReceivingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃l(PigLauncher(l) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,l)) ∧ ∃r(PigReceiver(r) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r)))
Uma armadilha de pig é um conjunto que possui a função de lançar e receber pigs de tubulação para manutenção de dutos e possui componentes de lançador e receptor.
Every pig trap is an assembly that bears a pig launching and receiving function and has component parts that are a pig launcher and a pig receiver.
pipe
tubo
A pipe is a material artifact characterized by tubular geometry and longitudinal extent, designed to conduct liquid, gaseous or finely divided solid materials from one location to another, or to serve structural purposes.
∀x(Pipe(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidConductionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)) ∧ ∃g(TubularGeometry(g) ∧ hasPhysicalProperty(x,g)) ∧ ∃h(LongitudinalExtent(h) ∧ hasPhysicalProperty(x,h)))
Um tubo é um artefato material caracterizado por geometria tubular e extensão longitudinal, projetado para conduzir materiais líquidos, gasosos ou sólidos finamente divididos de um local para outro, ou para servir a propósitos estruturais.
Using necessary conditions because pipe is defined by constructive/geometric properties (tubular geometry, longitudinal extent) rather than purely functional criteria. Under Open World Assumption, asserting sufficient conditions based on geometric properties could lead to unintended classification of complex tubular structures that happen to conduct fluids but should not be categorized as standard pipes.
Every pipe is a material artifact that has fluid conduction function and has tubular geometry and has longitudinal extent.
curva de tubo
pipe bend
A pipe bend is a pipe that has a curved geometry to change piping direction with a non-standard radius.
∀x (PipeBend(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃g (CurvedGeometry(g) ∧ hasQuality(x,g)) ∧ ∃r (NonStandardBendRadius(r) ∧ hasQuality(x,r)))
Uma curva de tubo é um tubo que possui geometria curvada para mudar a direção da tubulação com um raio não padrão.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the curved geometry with non-standard radius is distinctive, making it sufficient under OWA could force classification of complex piping assemblies or custom manifolds containing bent sections into this maintenance category inappropriately.
Every pipe bend is a pipe that has curved geometry and has non-standard bend radius.
cotovelo de tubulação
pipe elbow
A pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry enabling directional changes in pipe runs between 0 and 135 degrees.
∀x (PipeElbow(x) → (Pipe(x) ∧ ∃g(CurvedGeometry(g) ∧ hasGeometricProperty(x,g)) ∧ ∃p(DirectionalChangeCapacity(p) ∧ hasProperty(x,p))))
Um cotovelo de tubulação é uma tubulação que possui geometria curva permitindo mudanças direcionais em trechos de tubulação entre 0 e 135 graus.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type protects against false positives under OWA. Any curved piping component would be forcibly classified as a pipe elbow under equivalent axioms, including specialized equipment like coiled tubing, serpentine heat exchanger tubes, or custom manifold sections that contain curved passages but should not be asserted into the standard pipe elbow maintenance category.
Every pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry and enables directional change capacity between 0 and 135 degrees.
pipe reducer
redutor de tubulação
A pipe reducer is a pipe that has different nominal pipe sizes at its two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components of different sizes.
∀x (PipeReducer(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃i,o (InletEnd(i) ∧ OutletEnd(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,i) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o) ∧ DifferentNominalPipeSizes(i,o)))
Um redutor de tubulação é um tubo que possui tamanhos nominais diferentes de tubulação em suas duas extremidades, destinado a conectar tubos ou componentes de tubulação de tamanhos diferentes.
As a constructive type defined by geometric configuration, sufficient conditions are omitted under the Open World Assumption to prevent false positives. Complex assemblies or custom manifolds containing size transitions should not be automatically classified as standard pipe reducers without explicit assertion.
Every pipe reducer is a pipe that has an inlet end and outlet end with different nominal pipe sizes
pipe tee
tê de tubulação
A pipe tee is a pipe fitting that has three fluid ports arranged in T-shaped configuration, with one branch port perpendicular to two run ports, designed to realize fluid conduction function through flow division or combination.
∀x(PipeTee(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃p1,p2,p3(BranchPort(p1) ∧ RunPort(p2) ∧ RunPort(p3) ∧ hasPartAtAllTimes(x,p1) ∧ hasPartAtAllTimes(x,p2) ∧ hasPartAtAllTimes(x,p3) ∧ perpendicularTo(p1,p2) ∧ perpendicularTo(p1,p3)))
Um tê de tubulação é uma conexão de tubulação que possui três portas de fluido dispostas em configuração em formato de T, com uma porta de ramal perpendicular a duas portas de passagem, projetada para realizar função de condução de fluido através de divisão ou combinação de fluxo.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. The T-shaped geometric configuration with three specific ports is a structural differentia that is harder to make sufficient under OWA. Custom manifolds or complex fittings might contain T-shaped passages but should not be automatically classified as standard pipe tees without domain expert validation.
Every pipe tee is a pipe that has exactly three fluid ports arranged in T-configuration and bears a fluid conduction function
pipeline
A pipeline is an engineered system that bears a fluid transport function, consisting of pipes and possibly including pumps, valves, and control devices, designed for conveying liquids, gases, or finely divided solids between locations.
∀x(Pipeline(x) ↔ EngineeredSystem(x) ∧ ∃f(FluidTransportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um pipeline é um sistema engenheirado que possui uma função de transporte de fluidos, consistindo de tubos e possivelmente incluindo bombas, válvulas e dispositivos de controle, projetado para transportar líquidos, gases ou sólidos finamente divididos entre locais.
Every pipeline is an engineered system that bears a fluid transport function and has pipe as a component part at some time.
atuador pneumático
pneumatic actuator
A pneumatic actuator is an actuator that operates using pneumatic power.
Um atuador pneumático é um atuador que opera usando energia pneumática.
Constructive type where pneumatic mechanism is necessary but may not be sufficient under OWA. Specialized pneumatic equipment (pneumatic tools, pneumatic cylinders) might have pneumatic power but should not be classified as actuators without additional validation of their actuation role in control systems.
motor pneumático
pneumatic motor
A pneumatic motor is a motor that converts compressed gas energy into mechanical rotational energy.
Um motor pneumático é um motor que converte energia de gás comprimido em energia mecânica rotacional.
MaterialArtifact que possui uma InterfacingFunction e
port
A MaterialArtifact that bears an InterfacingFunction and that is capable of providing a point of interface for communication with another object.
∀x(Port(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(InterfacingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma InterfacingFunction e que é capaz de fornecer um ponto de interface para comunicação com outro objeto.
Port ≡ MaterialArtifact ⊓ ∃bearerOf.InterfacingFunction
position transmitter
transmissor de posição
A position transmitter is a transmitter that measures position or displacement and converts it to a standardized output signal.
Um transmissor de posição é um transmissor que mede posição ou deslocamento e o converte em um sinal de saída padronizado.
bomba de deslocamento positivo
positive displacement pump
A positive displacement pump is a pump that transports liquid through reciprocating or rotary displacement principle with fixed displacement volume per cycle.
∀x(PositiveDisplacementPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃y(DisplacementMechanism(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(PositiveDisplacementProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))
Uma bomba de deslocamento positivo é uma bomba que transporta líquido através do princípio de deslocamento alternativo ou rotativo com volume de deslocamento fixo por ciclo.
Constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions based on displacement mechanism alone could lead to false positives where specialized equipment containing displacement elements might be incorrectly classified as standard positive displacement pumps.
Every positive displacement pump is a pump that has a displacement mechanism as component part at all times and participates in positive displacement processes.
enrolamento de transformador
power transformer primary winding
A TransformerWinding that is part of a power transformer and that serves as the primary winding receiving input electrical power for electromagnetic transformation.
Um enrolamento de transformador que é parte de um transformador de potência e que serve como enrolamento primário recebendo energia elétrica de entrada para transformação eletromagnética.
Constructive type based on structural position within power transformer. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for primary winding configuration would risk false positives for specialized or hybrid transformer components that contain primary-like windings but should not be classified as standard power transformer primary windings.
enrolamento secundário de transformador de potência
power transformer secondary winding
A FiatObjectPart that is the secondary winding of a power transformer and that bears a SecondaryWindingFunction consisting in delivering transformed electrical power at the output voltage level.
Uma FiatObjectPart que é o enrolamento secundário de um transformador de potência e que possui uma SecondaryWindingFunction consistindo em fornecer energia elétrica transformada no nível de tensão de saída.
Constructive classification basis - the physical configuration (being the secondary winding of a power transformer) provides necessary conditions, but sufficient conditions are harder to assert under OWA without risking false positives for specialized or hybrid transformer configurations.
pressure indicating transmitter
transmissor indicador de pressão
A pressure indicating transmitter is a transmitter that measures pressure and provides both local visual indication and electrical signal transmission of the pressure value.
∀x (PressureIndicatingTransmitter(x) ↔ Transmitter(x) ∧ ∃f(PressureIndicatingAndTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃i(PressureSignal(i) ∧ hasInput(x,i)) ∧ ∃o1(ElectricalSignal(o1) ∧ hasOutput(x,o1)) ∧ ∃o2(LocalPressureDisplay(o2) ∧ hasOutput(x,o2)))
Um transmissor indicador de pressão é um transmissor que mede pressão e fornece tanto indicação visual local quanto transmissão de sinal elétrico do valor da pressão.
Every pressure indicating transmitter is a transmitter that bears a pressure indicating and transmission function, has pressure signal as input, and has both electrical signal output and local pressure display.
carcaça de bomba
pump casing
A casing that surrounds an impeller and has integral suction and discharge nozzles as structural components, typically applied in centrifugal pumps.
∀x(PumpCasing(x) → Casing(x) ∧ ∃y(Impeller(y) ∧ surrounds(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(SuctionNozzle(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)) ∧ ∃w(DischargeNozzle(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)))
Um invólucro que envolve um impulsor e possui bocais de sucção e descarga integrais como componentes estruturais, tipicamente aplicado em bombas centrífugas.
Constructive type based on physical configuration. Under Open World Assumption, structural characteristics are harder to make sufficient - any assembly with an impeller and integral nozzles might be classified as a pump casing even if it serves a different specialized purpose. Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
Every pump casing is a casing that surrounds an impeller and has integral suction and discharge nozzles forming part of its structure.
eixo de bomba
pump shaft
A pump shaft is a MaterialArtifact that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that is equipped with impeller(s), bearings, bushings, and sealing elements as part of a pump assembly for transmitting rotational mechanical energy to enable fluid pumping operations.
Um eixo de bomba é um MaterialArtifact que possui uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que é equipado com impulsor(es), mancais, buchas e elementos de vedação como parte de um conjunto de bomba para transmitir energia mecânica rotacional e possibilitar operações de bombeamento de fluidos.
As a constructive type defined by physical configuration, sufficient conditions are omitted to avoid false positives under OWA. Any rotating component with an impeller and bearings could theoretically be classified as a pump shaft under sufficient conditions, including hybrid equipment or specialized assemblies that should not be automatically categorized as standard pump shafts.
bomba alternativa
reciprocating pump
A reciprocating pump is a pump that contains pistons or plungers designed to move in a reciprocating motion within cylindrical chambers to displace fluid through positive displacement action.
∀x(ReciprocatingPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃m(ReciprocatingDisplacementMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃p(PistonOrPlunger(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)) ∧ ∃c(CylindricalChamber(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
Uma bomba alternativa é uma bomba que contém pistões ou êmbolos projetados para se moverem em movimento alternativo dentro de câmaras cilíndricas para deslocar fluido através de ação de deslocamento positivo.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. Under Open World Assumption, asserting equivalence based on structural differentia could lead to false positives where complex equipment containing reciprocating elements (like reciprocating compressors with auxiliary pumps, or hybrid systems) might be incorrectly classified as standard reciprocating pumps. The structural mechanism is necessary but sufficient conditions require domain expert validation.
Every reciprocating pump is a pump that has as component part at all times a reciprocating displacement mechanism and has as component part at all times pistons or plungers and has as component part at all times cylindrical chambers.
relay
relé
A relay is an electrical switching device that bears a signal relay function, realized by passing on information or signals from one circuit to control operations in another circuit.
∀x(Relay(x) ↔ (ElectricalSwitchingDevice(x) ∧ ∃f(SignalRelayFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um relé é um dispositivo de comutação elétrica que possui uma função de relé de sinal, realizada ao transmitir informações ou sinais de um circuito para controlar operações em outro circuito.
Every Relay is an ElectricalSwitchingDevice that bearerOf some SignalRelayFunction
riser
A riser is a pipe that has vertical or near-vertical orientation and is designed for the upward flow of liquid or gas.
∀x (Riser(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃q(VerticalOrientation(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃p(UpwardFlowProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
Um riser é um tubo que tem orientação vertical ou quase vertical e é projetado para o fluxo ascendente de líquido ou gás.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical configuration. Under OWA, any pipe with vertical orientation and upward flow could be forced into this category, including specialized equipment that should not be classified as standard risers (e.g., reactor internals, distillation column internals). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
Every riser is a pipe that has vertical orientation and participates in upward flow processes.
atuador rotativo
rotary actuator
A rotary actuator is an actuator that causes rotary motion by converting control signals into controlled rotational mechanical output.
Um atuador rotativo é um atuador que causa movimento rotativo convertendo sinais de controle em saída mecânica rotacional controlada.
Constructive type based on rotary motion mechanism. Under OWA, providing sufficient conditions could lead to over-classification where any equipment that happens to produce rotary motion (motors, turbines, etc.) might be incorrectly classified as rotary actuators. The rotary motion differentia is necessary but requires domain expert validation to confirm it is sufficient for the actuator equipment category.
bomba rotativa
rotary pump
A rotary pump is a positive displacement pump that contains a chamber with gears, cams, screws, vanes, plungers or similar elements actuated by relative rotation of the drive shaft or casing, and which has no separate inlet and outlet valves.
∀x (RotaryPump(x) → PositiveDisplacementPump(x) ∧ ∃y (RotaryDisplacementMechanism(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ¬∃z (SeparateInletValve(z) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,z)) ∧ ¬∃w (SeparateOutletValve(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)))
Uma bomba rotativa é uma bomba de deslocamento positivo que contém uma câmara com engrenagens, cames, parafusos, palhetas, êmbolos ou elementos similares acionados pela rotação relativa do eixo de acionamento ou carcaça, e que não possui válvulas separadas de entrada e saída.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the rotary mechanism is clearly necessary for rotary pumps, making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives where complex equipment containing rotary elements (like gearboxes with pumping side-effects or hybrid machines) might be misclassified as standard rotary pumps. The constructive differentia should be validated by domain experts before upgrading to equivalence.
Every rotary pump is a positive displacement pump that has a rotary displacement mechanism as component part and lacks separate inlet and outlet valves.
rotor
An Assembly that participates in rotational motion and has a rotor shaft as an essential component, designed to transfer mechanical energy through rotational motion within a machine assembly.
Um Assembly que participa em movimento rotacional e tem um eixo do rotor como componente essencial, projetado para transferir energia mecânica através de movimento rotacional dentro de um conjunto de máquina.
As a constructive type defined by physical configuration (rotating portion with shaft), providing sufficient conditions under OWA could lead to overclassification. Complex assemblies containing rotating elements might be incorrectly classified as rotors rather than their proper categories (motors, compressors, etc.).
disco de ruptura
rupture disc
A rupture disc is an instrument that realizes pressure relief through irreversible rupture at a calibrated pressure.
∀x (RuptureDisc(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(PressureReliefFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(IrreversibleRuptureProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃q(CalibrationPressure(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)))
Um disco de ruptura é um instrumento que realiza alívio de pressão através de ruptura irreversível em uma pressão calibrada.
Every rupture disc is an instrument that has the function to relieve pressure and participates in irreversible rupture processes at calibrated pressure thresholds.
raspador
scraper
A scraper is a material artifact that bears a scraping function for mechanically removing deposits, debris, or contaminants from surfaces.
∀x(Scraper(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(ScrapingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um raspador é um artefato material que possui uma função de raspagem para remover mecanicamente depósitos, detritos ou contaminantes de superfícies.
Every scraper is a material artifact that has a scraping function, and every material artifact that has a scraping function is a scraper.
lavador de gases
scrubber
A scrubber is a separator that cleans gas by washing the gas flow with liquid to remove contaminants such as dust, particles, or undesired substances.
∀x (Scrubber(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f,p,g,l (SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f) ∧ LiquidWashingProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p) ∧ GasPortion(g) ∧ LiquidPortion(l) ∧ hasInput(x,g) ∧ hasInput(x,l)))
Um lavador de gases é um separador que limpa gás através da lavagem do fluxo gasoso com líquido para remover contaminantes como poeira, partículas ou substâncias indesejadas.
Every scrubber is a separator that has the function of separation and participates in liquid washing processes with both gas and liquid inputs.
eixo
shaft
An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has component parts including shaft keys for torque transmission and shaft seals for leakage prevention, serving as the core rotating element in rotating machinery.
Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui partes componentes incluindo chavetas de eixo para transmissão de torque e vedações de eixo para prevenção de vazamento, servindo como o elemento rotativo central em máquinas rotativas.
Constructive classification based on physical structure. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for shaft identity could lead to false positives - any assembly with a shaft key and rotational motion might be classified as a shaft rather than a more specific equipment type that contains a shaft. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions while allowing domain experts to validate sufficiency.
shaker
A shaker is an assembly that bears a shaking function, capable of producing vibrating or oscillating motion for material processing, agitation, or separation.
Shaker(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(ShakingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))
Um agitador é um conjunto que possui uma função de agitação, capaz de produzir movimento vibratório ou oscilatório para processamento, agitação ou separação de materiais.
Every shaker is an assembly that has the capability of shaking and contains a vibration mechanism and a shaking element.
aríete de corte
shear ram
A shear ram is a ram that bears a pipe shearing function and has hardened cutting blades designed to cut drillpipe or tubing during blowout prevention operations.
∀x(ShearRam(x) ↔ Ram(x) ∧ ∃f(PipeShearingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃b(ShearingBlade(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b)))
Um aríete de corte é um aríete que possui função de corte de tubulação e tem lâminas de corte endurecidas projetadas para cortar a coluna de perfuração ou tubulação durante operações de prevenção de blowout.
Every shear ram is a ram that has the function to shear pipe and has shearing blades as component parts at all times.
polia
sheave
A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes.
Uma polia é um artefato material que é uma roda sulcada projetada para transmitir energia mecânica através da interface com correias, cordas, cabos ou tubos.
Constructive type based on physical structure. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions based solely on having a grooved rim could lead to false positives where other grooved mechanical elements (like timing belt pulleys with different design intents) are automatically classified as sheaves. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions while allowing domain experts to confirm sufficient conditions.
silencer
silenciador
A silencer is an assembly that bears the designed function of reducing noise levels through acoustic treatment of fluid streams.
∀x(Silencer(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(NoiseSilencingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um silenciador é uma montagem que possui a função projetada de reduzir níveis de ruído através do tratamento acústico de fluxos de fluidos.
Every silencer is an assembly that has the function to silence noise, and every assembly that has the function to silence noise is a silencer.
silo
A silo is a vessel that bears a solid bulk storage function and has a conical bottom section for facilitating the storage and discharge of bulk solid materials.
∀x (Silo(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(SolidBulkStorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(ConicalBottom(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))
Um silo é um vaso que possui uma função de armazenamento de sólidos a granel e tem uma seção inferior cônica para facilitar o armazenamento e descarga de materiais sólidos a granel.
Every silo is a vessel that has the function of storing bulk solids and has a conical bottom component.
skid
A skid is an assembly that bears an equipment support function, consisting of a support frame and mounting points, designed to support equipment items during manufacturing, transportation, handling, and installation.
∀x(Skid(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EquipmentSupportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(SupportFrame(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃m(MountingPoint(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m))))
Um skid é uma montagem que possui uma função de suporte de equipamento, consistindo de uma estrutura de suporte e pontos de montagem, projetada para suportar itens de equipamento durante fabricação, transporte, manuseio e instalação.
Every skid is an assembly that bears an equipment support function and has a support frame and mounting points as component parts at all times.
atuador solenoide
solenoid actuator
A solenoid actuator is an electric actuator that utilizes a continuous duty linear solenoid to convert electrical energy into mechanical power via a plunger with an axial stroke in either a push or pull action.
Um atuador solenoide é um atuador elétrico que utiliza um solenoide linear de serviço contínuo para converter energia elétrica em energia mecânica através de um êmbolo com curso axial em ação de empurrar ou puxar.
Constructive type defined by solenoid mechanism. Under OWA, sufficient conditions would force any device with solenoid and plunger components to be classified as a solenoid actuator, potentially misclassifying complex hybrid devices or specialized equipment containing solenoid components but serving different primary functions.
espaçador
spacer
A spacer is a material artifact that has the function of maintaining spatial separation or distance between physical objects or fluids.
∀x(Spacer(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SpacingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um espaçador é um artefato material que tem a função de manter separação espacial ou distância entre objetos físicos ou fluidos.
Every spacer is a material artifact that bears a spacing function
MaterialArtifact que possui uma StationaryMachineComponentFunction e
stator
A MaterialArtifact that bears a StationaryMachineComponentFunction and that is the stationary structural component within rotating machinery, providing housing and positional stability for active elements such as windings, vanes, or seals.
∀x(Stator(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(StationaryMachineComponentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃m(RotatingMachine(m) ∧ partOf(x,m)))
Um MaterialArtifact que possui uma StationaryMachineComponentFunction e que é o componente estrutural estacionário dentro de máquinas rotativas, fornecendo alojamento e estabilidade posicional para elementos ativos como bobinas, palhetas ou vedações.
Constructive classification based on structural positioning within rotating machinery. Under OWA, any artifact described as stationary within a rotating machine context could be classified as a stator, but this may include specialized hybrid components, mounting structures, or custom configurations that should not be automatically asserted into the standard stator maintenance category. The structural differentia (stationary positioning) is necessary but making it sufficient requires domain expert validation.
Every Stator is a MaterialArtifact that bears a StationaryMachineComponentFunction and is part of some RotatingMachine
contato de chave
switch contact
A switch contact is an electrical contact that is one of the conductive parts forming a contact assembly.
Um contato de chave é um contato elétrico que é uma das partes condutoras que formam um conjunto de contato.
Constructive type based on structural role as a conductive part. Under OWA, asserting sufficient conditions could incorrectly classify any conductive part of an electrical contact as a switch contact, when there may be other specialized conductive components (bus bars, terminals, etc.) that serve different structural roles.
quadro de distribuição
switchboard
A switchboard is electrical equipment that consists of panels accommodating switches, indicators, and control apparatus for connecting, disconnecting, and controlling various circuits of an electrical system.
Um quadro de distribuição é um equipamento elétrico que consiste em painéis que acomodam chaves, indicadores e aparatos de controle para conectar, desconectar e controlar vários circuitos de um sistema elétrico.
elemento de medição de temperatura
temperature measuring element
A temperature measuring element is a measuring element that has the function to measure temperature.
∀x(TemperatureMeasuringElement(x) ↔ MeasuringElement(x) ∧ ∃f(TemperatureMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
Um elemento de medição de temperatura é um elemento de medição que tem a função de medir temperatura.
Every temperature measuring element is a measuring element that has a temperature measurement function.
termowell stem
thermowell stem
A thermowell stem is a fiat object part that is part of a thermowell and that has a hollow cylindrical shape positioned to protrude into the process medium, providing protective housing for temperature sensing elements while enabling thermal conduction.
∀x(ThermowellStem(x) → FiatObjectPart(x) ∧ ∃y(Thermowell(y) ∧ partOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃q(HollowCylindricalShape(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)) ∧ ∃l(ProcessMediumIntrusionZone(l) ∧ hasLocation(x,l)))
Um termowell stem é uma parte de objeto fiducial que é parte de um termowell e que tem uma forma cilíndrica oca posicionada para se projetar no meio do processo, fornecendo habitação protetora para elementos de detecção de temperatura enquanto permite condução térmica.
Constructive classification basis. The structural differentia (hollow cylindrical shape, positioning in process medium) is necessary but may not be sufficient under OWA - there could be other specialized parts of thermowells with similar geometry but different specific roles or configurations.
Every thermowell stem is a fiat object part that is part of some thermowell and has hollow cylindrical shape and is located in process medium intrusion zone.
Placa que possui geometria de espessura fina e
thin plate
A Plate that has thin thickness geometry and is manufactured through cold forming processes, typically used for structural support applications requiring reduced weight or specific geometric constraints.
∀x(ThinPlate(x) → Plate(x) ∧ ∃q1(ThinThickness(q1) ∧ hasQuality(x,q1)) ∧ ∃q2(ColdFormedManufacturing(q2) ∧ hasQuality(x,q2)))
Uma Placa que possui geometria de espessura fina e é fabricada através de processos de conformação a frio, tipicamente usada para aplicações de suporte estrutural que requerem peso reduzido ou restrições geométricas específicas.
Constructive type defined by physical geometry (thinness) and manufacturing method (cold forming). Under OWA, sufficient conditions for thin plates are difficult to specify without risking false positives from specialized hybrid structures that contain thin cold-formed elements but should not be classified as standard thin plates.
ThinPlate ⊑ Plate ⊓ ∃hasQuality.ThinThickness ⊓ ∃hasQuality.ColdFormedManufacturing
separador trifásico
three phase separator
A three-phase separator is a separator that bears a three-phase separation function to separate well fluids into gas, oil, and water phases.
∀x (ThreePhaseSeparator(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (ThreePhaseSeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
Um separador trifásico é um separador que possui uma função de separação trifásica para separar fluidos de poço em fases gasosa, oleosa e aquosa.
Every three-phase separator is a separator that has the function of separating fluid into gas, oil, and water phases, and has gas outlet, oil outlet, and water outlet as component parts.
transducer
transdutor
A transducer is an instrument that bears a TransductionFunction to convert information from one form or magnitude of energy to another form or magnitude.
∀x (Transducer(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f (TransductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Um transdutor é um instrumento que possui uma FunçãoDeTransdução para converter informação de uma forma ou magnitude de energia para outra forma ou magnitude.
Every transducer is an instrument that has the designed function to convert energy or signal forms while preserving information content.
invólucro de transmissor
transmitter housing
A transmitter housing is an Assembly that bears an EnclosureFunction and that has a transmitter electronic circuit as a component part at all times, designed to provide environmental protection and physical containment for transmitter components.
∀x(TransmitterHousing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnclosureFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(TransmitterElectronicCircuit(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
Um invólucro de transmissor é uma Assembly que possui uma EnclosureFunction e que tem um circuito eletrônico de transmissor como parte componente em todos os momentos, projetado para fornecer proteção ambiental e contenção física para componentes do transmissor.
Constructive type based on physical structure as housing. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for transmitter housing would require specifying exact structural features (materials, dimensions, sealing mechanisms) that distinguish it from other instrument housings. The necessary conditions establish the core identity without risking false positives from other housing types that might share some structural features.
TransmitterHousing ⊑ Assembly ⊓ ∃bearerOf.EnclosureFunction ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.TransmitterElectronicCircuit
suporte de coluna de produção
tubing hanger
A tubing hanger is an assembly that supports tubing strings in wellheads with integrated sealing to isolate tubing conduit from annulus.
∀x(TubingHanger(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(TubingSupportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(SealingSystem(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃m(SupportMechanism(m) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,m)) ∧ ∃c(TubingConnection(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))
Um suporte de coluna de produção é um conjunto que suporta colunas de produção em cabeças de poço com vedação integrada para isolar o conduto da coluna do anular.
Every tubing hanger is an assembly that bears a tubing support function and has component parts including a sealing system, support mechanism, and tubing connection.
cabeça de coluna
tubing head
A tubing head is a wellhead component that supports the tubing hanger and provides a connection interface for attaching the Christmas tree to the wellhead assembly.
∀x(TubingHead(x) ↔ WellheadComponent(x) ∧ ∃f(TubingSupportAndConnectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p1(TubingBowl(p1) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p1)) ∧ ∃p2(ChristmasTreeConnectionInterface(p2) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p2)))
Uma cabeça de coluna é um componente de cabeça de poço que suporta o suspensor de coluna e fornece uma interface de conexão para fixar a árvore de natal ao conjunto de cabeça de poço.
Every tubing head is a wellhead component that bears a tubing support and connection function, has a tubing bowl as component part, and has a Christmas tree connection interface as component part.
turbina
turbine
A turbine is an assembly that bears an energy extraction function and has rotating shaft and fluid-interacting blades that extract energy from flowing fluids and convert it into useful mechanical work.
Uma turbina é um conjunto que possui uma função de extração de energia e tem eixo rotativo e pás de interação com fluidos que extraem energia de fluidos em movimento e a convertem em trabalho mecânico útil.
umbilical
An umbilical is an assembly that is a flexible and easily disconnectable bundle containing both cables and tubing for multi-service transmission including control, power, communication, and chemical injection.
∀x (Umbilical(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃c,t,s,conn (CableBundle(c) ∧ TubingBundle(t) ∧ ProtectiveSheathing(s) ∧ ConnectorAssembly(conn) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,conn) ∧ hasQuality(x,Flexibility) ∧ hasQuality(x,EasyDisconnectability)))
Um umbilical é uma montagem que é um feixe flexível e facilmente desconectável contendo cabos e tubulação para transmissão de múltiplos serviços incluindo controle, energia, comunicação e injeção química.
Constructive basis requires necessary conditions only. Under OWA, any assembly with cables, tubing, flexibility, and disconnectability could be forcibly classified as umbilical, including specialized multi-service bundles, complex wiring harnesses, or custom transmission assemblies that contain these elements but serve different industrial contexts and maintenance categories.
Every umbilical is an assembly that has component parts including cable bundles and tubing bundles, and has the qualities of flexibility and easy disconnectability.
unidade UPS
ups unit
A UPS unit is electrical equipment that bears the designed function of maintaining uninterrupted AC electric power supply to protected equipment during power disturbances.
Uma unidade UPS é um equipamento elétrico que possui a função projetada de manter o fornecimento ininterrupto de energia elétrica AC para equipamentos protegidos durante distúrbios de energia.
coluna de vácuo
vacuum column
A vacuum column is a distillation column that is designed to withstand outside pressure during vacuum operation.
∀x(VacuumColumn(x) → DistillationColumn(x) ∧ ∃q(VacuumPressureResistanceQuality(q) ∧ bearerOf(x,q)))
Uma coluna de vácuo é uma coluna de destilação projetada para resistir à pressão externa durante operação sob vácuo.
Constructive type based on structural capability. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions for vacuum-capable design would be complex and could lead to false positives. The structural differentia (vacuum resistance) requires domain expert validation of what constitutes adequate vacuum design capability.
Every vacuum column is a distillation column that bears a vacuum pressure resistance quality.
membro de fechamento de válvula
valve closure member
A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a valve and that is positioned in the flow stream to permit, obstruct, divert or regulate flow through mechanical positioning.
∀x (ValveClosureMember(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃v (Valve(v) ∧ isComponentPartOf(x,v)) ∧ ∃p (FlowControlProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃q (PositionableInFlowStream(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)))
Um MaterialArtifact que é uma parte componente de uma válvula e que é posicionado no fluxo para permitir, obstruir, desviar ou regular o fluxo através de posicionamento mecânico.
As a constructive type defined by physical configuration and mechanical role, the valve closure member should use necessary conditions. The structural differentia (being positioned in flow stream) is harder to make sufficient under OWA - other components or hybrid devices might satisfy the conditions but not be classified as standard valve closure members.
Every valve closure member is a material artifact that is a component part of some valve and participates in flow control processes by being positioned within the flow stream.
assento de válvula
valve seat
A MaterialArtifact that is part of a valve and that provides the seating surface against which the closure member bears to achieve shut-off and control of process fluid flow.
Um MaterialArtifact que é parte de uma válvula e que fornece a superfície de assentamento contra a qual o membro de fechamento se apoia para alcançar o fechamento e controle do fluxo de fluido de processo.
Valve seat is a constructive type defined by its structural configuration and interface role. Under the Open World Assumption, making this an equivalence class could lead to false positives where any artifact that is part of a valve and adjacent to a closure member gets classified as a valve seat, even if it serves a different structural role (such as guides, stops, or supports).
haste de válvula
valve stem
An Assembly that bears a ForceTransmissionFunction and that has a valve stem seal as a component part, specifically designed to transmit motion from a valve operator to the valve closure member.
Um Assembly que porta uma ForceTransmissionFunction e que tem um selo de haste de válvula como parte componente, especificamente projetado para transmitir movimento de um operador de válvula para o membro de fechamento da válvula.
Constructive type defined by physical structure (rod/shaft mechanism). Under Open World Assumption, sufficient conditions would force any assembly with a valve stem seal and force transmission function to be classified as a valve stem, which could include complex multi-component assemblies, manifolds, or specialized valve mechanisms that contain these elements but should not be asserted into the standard valve stem maintenance category.
tampo de vaso
vessel head
A FiatObjectPart that is part of a vessel and that closes a vessel shell by providing an end boundary for containment.
∀x(VesselHead(x) → FiatObjectPart(x) ∧ ∃y(Vessel(y) ∧ partOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃r(VesselClosureRole(r) ∧ realizes(x,r)))
Uma FiatObjectPart que é parte de um vaso e que fecha o casco do vaso fornecendo uma fronteira terminal para contenção.
Constructive type based on structural configuration. Under OWA, asserting sufficient conditions for vessel head closure would inappropriately classify any part that closes a vessel (including specialized manifolds, complex multi-port heads, or custom closures) as standard vessel heads, potentially creating false positives in maintenance categorization.
Every vessel head is a fiat object part that is part of some vessel and realizes a vessel closure role.
parte de objeto por fiat
vessel shell
A fiat object part that is the outer pressure-containing structural boundary of a vessel, designed to enclose and isolate internal contents while withstanding internal pressure loads.
∀x(VesselShell(x) → FiatObjectPart(x) ∧ ∃y(Vessel(y) ∧ partOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃f(PressureContainmentFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
Uma parte de objeto por fiat que é o limite estrutural externo de contenção de pressão de um vaso, projetada para encerrar e isolar o conteúdo interno enquanto suporta cargas de pressão interna.
Constructive type defined by structural configuration as outer pressure-containing part of vessel. Under Open World Assumption, sufficient conditions are difficult to establish - other structural components might also be pressure-containing parts of vessels in specialized designs.
VesselShell SubClassOf: FiatObjectPart and partOf some Vessel and bearerOf some PressureContainmentFunction
poço
well
A well is an engineered system that interacts with subsurface resources through a drilled wellbore, designed to obtain, produce, store, or inject materials into or from the earth.
∀x(Well(x) ↔ EngineeredSystem(x) ∧ ∃f(SubsurfaceResourceInteractionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Wellbore(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtSomeTime(x,w)))
Um poço é um sistema projetado que interage com recursos do subsolo através de um furo perfurado, projetado para obter, produzir, armazenar ou injetar materiais na terra ou a partir dela.
Every well is an engineered system that bears a subsurface resource interaction function and has a wellbore as component part.
poço perfurado
wellbore
A wellbore is a site that provides a drilled pathway for subsurface access and is spatially contained within a well system.
∀x(Wellbore(x) ↔ Site(x) ∧ ∃f(SubsurfaceAccessFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Well(w) ∧ spatiallyContainedIn(x,w)))
Um poço perfurado é um local que fornece um caminho perfurado para acesso subsuperficial e está espacialmente contido dentro de um sistema de poço.
Every wellbore is a site that has the function of providing subsurface access and is spatially contained within a well.
cabeçal de poço
wellhead
A wellhead is an assembly that bears a well surface control function and provides the structural and control interface between a wellbore and surface equipment.
∀x(Wellhead(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(WellSurfaceControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃h(CasingHanger(h) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,h)) ∧ ∃w(Wellbore(w) ∧ hasConnectionTo(x,w)))
Um cabeçal de poço é um conjunto que porta uma função de controle superficial do poço e fornece a interface estrutural e de controle entre um poço e os equipamentos de superfície.
Every wellhead is an assembly that bears a well surface control function and has component parts including casing hangers and connection to wellbore
wireline
A wireline is an electrical cable that bears a wireline logging function for lowering tools into wellbores and transmitting data about wellbore conditions.
Um wireline é um cabo elétrico que possui uma função de perfilagem wireline para descer ferramentas em poços e transmitir dados sobre as condições do poço.
função de contenção de pressão
pressure containment function
A containment function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the retention of fluid within a defined pressure boundary to prevent uncontrolled release.
A quality inhering in an electrical conductor that represents the rate of flow of electric charge through it.
Uma qualidade inerente a um condutor elétrico que representa a taxa de fluxo de carga elétrica através dele.
corrente elétrica
electrical current
if q is an 'electrical current' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'corrente elétrica' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a material body that represents a mechanical action tending to change the body's state of motion or to deform it.
Uma qualidade inerente a um corpo material que representa uma ação mecânica que tende a alterar o estado de movimento do corpo ou a deformá-lo.
força mecânica
mechanical force
if q is a 'mechanical force' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'força mecânica' então q é uma 'qualidade'
A quality inhering in a mechanical component that represents the external force or torque it bears while in operation.
Uma qualidade inerente a um componente mecânico que representa a força ou o torque externo que ele suporta durante a operação.
carga mecânica
mechanical load
if q is a 'mechanical load' then q is a 'quality'
se q é uma 'carga mecânica' então q é uma 'qualidade'
cable bundle
feixe de cabo
An assembly of electrical cables routed together and secured as a group in a petroleum production installation.
cable support function
função de suporte de cabos
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical support and routing of cables to maintain their position and protect them from damage.
cable support process
processo de suporte de cabos
A planned process in which cables are mechanically supported and routed to maintain their position and protect them from damage in a petroleum production installation.
captured pig
pig de capturado
A material artifact that constitutes a pipeline pig that has been retrieved and confined in a pig receiver following completion of its pipeline pass.
carrier fluid
fluido de portador
A material artifact that constitutes a fluid used to transport or suspend another substance through petroleum production equipment.
cathodic protection function
função de proteção catódica
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the prevention of electrochemical corrosion of a metallic structure by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
cathodic protection process
processo de proteção catódica
A planned process in which electrochemical corrosion of a metallic structure is prevented by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell through the supply of electrical current or sacrificial anodes.
chamber
câmara
A material artifact that constitutes an enclosed space within petroleum production equipment in which a process such as separation, compression, or storage takes place.
chemical fuel portion
porção químico de combustível
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of chemical fuel consumed in a combustion process in petroleum production equipment.
christmas tree connection point
ponto de árvore de natal de árvore de conexão
A material artifact that constitutes a mechanical connection point on a Christmas tree for attachment of flowlines, control lines, or other equipment.
chromatographic analysis function
função de análise cromatográfica
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation and quantification of chemical components in a sample by differential migration through a stationary phase.
chromatographic analysis process
processo de análise cromatográfica
A planned process in which the chemical components of a sample are separated and quantified by their differential migration through a stationary phase in petroleum production instrumentation.
chromatographic signal
sinal de cromatográfico
A measurement information content entity constituting a signal generated by a chromatographic detector representing the presence and concentration of chemical components in a process sample.
cleaned gas portion
porção limpo de gás
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas from which impurities have been removed by petroleum production equipment.
cleaned surface
superfície limpo
A material artifact that constitutes a surface from which scale, deposits, or contaminants have been removed by a cleaning process in petroleum production equipment.
coalescence process
processo de coalescência
A planned process in which dispersed droplets of one phase aggregate within another to form larger droplets that can be more readily separated from the continuous phase.
combustion function
função de combustão
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the exothermic chemical reaction of a fuel with an oxidant to produce heat and combustion products.
combustion gas portion
porção de combustão de gás
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas undergoing or having undergone a combustion reaction in petroleum production equipment.
combustion process
processo de combustão
A planned process in which a fuel reacts exothermically with an oxidant to produce heat and combustion products in petroleum production equipment.
combustion product portion
porção de combustão de produto
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of the chemical products resulting from a combustion reaction in petroleum production equipment.
combustion products
produtos de combustão
A material artifact that constitutes the chemical products—primarily carbon dioxide and water vapour—resulting from the combustion of a fuel in petroleum production equipment.
composition analysis data
dados de composição de análise
An information content entity constituting data representing the chemical composition of a process fluid as determined by analytical instrumentation in petroleum production equipment.
compressed air portion
porção comprimido de ar
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air that has been compressed to a pressure above atmospheric for use in pneumatic systems of petroleum production equipment.
compressed gas portion
porção comprimido de gás
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas that has been compressed to a higher pressure for transport, storage, or processing in petroleum production equipment.
compression process
processo de compressão
A planned process in which the pressure of a gas is increased by reducing its volume through mechanical work applied by petroleum production equipment.
compressor internals
internos de compressor
A material artifact that constitutes the internal components—such as impellers, valves, and seals—contained within the casing of a compressor in petroleum production equipment.
condensation function
função de condensação
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of a vapour into liquid by removing thermal energy until the substance reaches its dew point.
condensation process
processo de condensação
A planned process in which a vapour is converted into liquid by removing thermal energy until the substance reaches its dew point in petroleum production equipment.
conductivity transmission function
função de transmissão de condutividade
A signal transmission function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of fluid electrical conductivity and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a remote monitoring system.
conductivity transmission process
processo de transmissão de condutividade
A signal transmission process in which the electrical conductivity of a fluid is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote monitoring system.
connection function
função de conexão
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical or fluid joining of two or more components to allow the transfer of force, fluid, or signal between them.
connection process
processo de conexão
A planned process in which two or more components or systems are mechanically or fluidly joined to allow the transfer of force, fluid, or signal between them.
containment process
processo de contenção
A PlannedProcess in which a container artifact encloses and maintains internal components or fluids within its structural boundaries, providing physical separation from the external environment.
A PlannedProcess in which a structural boundary maintains separation between internal contents and external environment, preventing uncontrolled release while withstanding internal pressure loads.
A PlannedProcess in which material is enclosed and retained within a defined spatial boundary by a containing artifact.
contaminated surface
superfície contaminado
A material artifact that constitutes a surface bearing scale, deposits, or contaminants that are to be removed by a cleaning process in petroleum production equipment.
base contínuo
continuous base
A material artifact that constitutes the base structure that provides continuous support for equipment or pipework in a petroleum production installation.
control function
função de controle
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the regulation of a process variable by adjusting a manipulated variable in response to a measured deviation from a set point.
control indicator
indicador de controle
A material artifact that constitutes a component that displays and enables adjustment of a set point or control parameter in petroleum production equipment.
control process
processo de controle
A planned process in which a process variable is regulated by adjusting a manipulated variable in response to a measured deviation from a set point.
coolant portion
porção de refrigerante
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of cooling medium used to remove thermal energy from a process stream or equipment component.
cooled heating medium
meio de resfriado de aquecimento
A material artifact that constitutes a heating medium that has transferred thermal energy to a process stream and returned to a lower temperature.
cooling function
função de resfriamento
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of thermal energy from a process stream or equipment component to reduce its temperature.
cooling process
processo de resfriamento
A planned process in which thermal energy is removed from a process stream or equipment component to reduce its temperature in petroleum production equipment.
corrosion products
produtos de corrosão
A material artifact that constitutes the solid products—oxides, hydroxides, or sulfides—formed on a metallic surface as a result of corrosion in petroleum production equipment.
current interruption by fusing
cuttings and fluid
fluido de cascalhos de e
A material artifact that constitutes a mixture of rock cuttings and drilling fluid circulated from the wellbore bottom to the surface during drilling operations.
damping function
função de amortecimento
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the absorption and dissipation of mechanical energy to reduce the amplitude of oscillations or vibrations.
damping process
processo de amortecimento
A planned process in which mechanical energy is absorbed and dissipated to reduce the amplitude of oscillations or vibrations in petroleum production equipment.
deaeration function
função de desaeração
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of dissolved oxygen and other non-condensable gases from a liquid stream.
deaeration process
processo de desaeração
A planned process in which dissolved oxygen and other non-condensable gases are removed from a liquid stream in petroleum production equipment.
degassing function
função de degaseificação
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of dissolved or entrained gases from a liquid to reduce their concentration.
degassing process
processo de degaseificação
A planned process in which dissolved or entrained gases are removed from a liquid to reduce their concentration below a specified level.
dehumidification function
função de desumidificação
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of water vapour from a gas stream to reduce its relative humidity or dew point.
dehumidification process
processo de desumidificação
A planned process in which water vapour is removed from a gas stream to reduce its relative humidity or dew point to a specified level.
dehydration function
função de desidratação
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of water from a fluid stream by adsorption, absorption, or distillation to meet specification limits.
dehydration process
processo de desidratação
A planned process in which water is removed from a fluid stream by adsorption, absorption, or distillation to meet product specification limits.
demisting function
função de separação de névoa
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the coalescence and removal of entrained liquid droplets from a gas stream.
demisting process
processo de separação de névoa
A planned process in which entrained liquid droplets are coalesced and removed from a gas stream by petroleum production equipment.
dense phase
fase denso
A material artifact that constitutes the denser of two or more phases present in a separation process within petroleum production equipment.
density measurement function
função de medição de densidade
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the mass per unit volume of a fluid stream or substance.
density measurement process
processo de medição de densidade
A planned process in which the mass per unit volume of a fluid stream or substance is measured by petroleum production instrumentation.
detection function
função de detecção
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the sensing and identification of the presence, concentration, or state of a physical or chemical entity.
detection process
processo de detecção
A planned process in which the presence, concentration, or state of a physical or chemical entity is sensed and identified by petroleum production equipment.
detection signal
sinal de detecção
An information content entity constituting a signal generated by a detection element indicating the presence or concentration of a detected entity in petroleum production instrumentation.
dew point measurement function
função de medição de ponto de orvalho
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the temperature at which a gas mixture begins to condense.
dew point measurement process
processo de medição de ponto de orvalho
A planned process in which the temperature at which a gas mixture begins to condense is measured by petroleum production instrumentation.
combustível diesel
diesel fuel
A material artifact that constitutes diesel fuel used as energy source for engines or combustion equipment in petroleum production installations.
differential pressure indication
indicação de diferencial de pressão
A measurement information content entity constituting a displayed or transmitted value representing the differential pressure between two process points in petroleum production equipment.
differential pressure measurement and transmission process
processo de medição e transmissão de pressão diferencial
A pressure measurement and transmission process in which the differential pressure between two process points is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
differential pressure measurement process
processo de medição de pressão diferencial
A PlannedProcess in which a differential pressure measuring element senses the pressure difference between two fluid inputs, producing a mechanical deflection or signal proportional to the differential pressure for measurement purposes.
differential pressure switching function
função de chaveamento por pressão diferencial
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation of a discrete switching signal when the differential pressure between two process points crosses a defined threshold.
differential pressure switching process
processo de chaveamento por pressão diferencial
A planned process in which a discrete switching signal is generated when the differential pressure between two process points crosses a defined threshold.
discrete electrical signal
sinal discreto elétrico
An information content entity constituting an electrical signal that can assume only two defined states—on or off—used in control and safety systems of petroleum production equipment.
distillation function
função de destilação
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a liquid mixture into fractions of differing volatilities by successive vaporisation and condensation.
distillation process
processo de destilação
A planned process in which a liquid mixture is separated into fractions of differing volatilities by successive vaporisation and condensation in petroleum production equipment.
canal divergente
diverging channel
A material artifact that constitutes a flow passage that expands in cross-sectional area in the direction of flow to reduce fluid velocity in petroleum production equipment.
diverting function
função de desvio de fluxo
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the redirection of fluid flow from one path to one or more alternative downstream paths.
diverting process
processo de desvio de fluxo
A planned process in which fluid flow is redirected from one path to one or more alternative downstream paths by petroleum production equipment.
conjunto de fundo de poço de ferramenta
downhole tool assembly
A material artifact that constitutes an assembly of tools deployed in a wellbore on a wireline or tubing string to perform measurement, completion, or intervention operations.
dried material
material seco
A material artifact that constitutes a material from which moisture or solvent has been removed by a drying process in petroleum production equipment.
broca de perfuração
drill bit
A material artifact that constitutes the rotating cutting tool at the bottom of a drill string that fragments rock to advance the wellbore.
coluna de perfuração
drill string
A material artifact that constitutes the assembly of drill pipe, drill collars, and bottom-hole assembly that transmits rotation and drilling fluid from surface to the drill bit.
drilling fluid
fluido de perfuração
A material artifact that constitutes the fluid—water-based, oil-based, or synthetic—circulated during drilling to cool the bit, carry cuttings to surface, and stabilise the wellbore.
drilling fluid conduction function
função de condução de fluido de perfuração
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the circulation of drilling fluid from surface to the drill bit and back through the wellbore annulus.
drilling fluid conduction process
processo de condução de fluido de perfuração
A planned process in which drilling fluid is circulated from the surface to the drill bit and returned through the wellbore annulus to remove cuttings and cool the bit.
drilling fluid portion
porção de perfuração de fluido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of drilling fluid at a defined point in the drilling circulation system.
drilling tool
ferramenta de perfuração
A material artifact that constitutes a tool used in the bottom-hole assembly or drill string to perform a specific function during the drilling of a petroleum well.
dry air portion
porção seco de ar
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air from which water vapour has been removed to a specified dew point.
drying function
função de secagem
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of moisture or solvent from a solid, liquid, or gas stream by thermal, adsorptive, or other means.
drying process
processo de secagem
A planned process in which moisture or solvent is removed from a solid, liquid, or gas stream by thermal, adsorptive, or other means.
electric energy generation function
função de geração de energia elétrica
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of mechanical, thermal, or chemical energy into electrical energy.
electric energy generation process
processo de geração de energia elétrica
A planned process in which mechanical, thermal, or chemical energy is converted into electrical energy by petroleum production equipment.
electric to mechanical conversion process
processo de conversão elétrico-mecânica
A planned process in which electrical energy is converted into rotational or linear mechanical motion by petroleum production equipment.
cabo elétrico
electrical cable
A material artifact that constitutes an insulated conductor or assembly of conductors used to transmit electrical power or signals in a petroleum production installation.
electrical circuit control function
função de controle de circuito elétrico
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the switching, routing, or regulation of current in an electrical circuit to control connected loads.
electrical circuit control process
processo de controle de circuito elétrico
A planned process in which current in an electrical circuit is switched, routed, or regulated to control connected loads.
electrical conduction function
função de condução elétrica
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConductionProcess and that consists in providing a conductive pathway for electrical current within an electrical contact assembly.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConductionProcess and that consists in providing a pathway for electrical current to pass from one electrical apparatus to another, enabling electrical connectivity and power or signal transmission.
electrical conduction process
processo de condução elétrica
A PlannedProcess in which electrical current is conducted through a conductive material part within an electrical switching or contact system.
A PlannedProcess in which electrical current is conducted through an electrical connection from one electrical apparatus to another, resulting in the transmission of electrical power or signals between the connected devices.
electrical connection function
função de conexão elétrica
A ConnectionFunction that is realized in an ElectricalConnectionProcess and that consists in maintaining intimate electrical contact between two or more electrical conductor parts to enable continuous current flow through the joint.
electrical connection process
processo de conexão elétrica
A PlannedProcess in which two or more electrical conductor parts are held in intimate contact by an electrical connector, resulting in a conductive path that enables electrical current flow through the connection.
electrical current interruption process
processo de interrupção de corrente elétrica
A planned process in which an electrical circuit is opened to stop the flow of current, either under normal operating conditions or in response to a fault.
electrical energy portion
porção elétrico de energia
A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of electrical energy supplied to or consumed by petroleum production equipment.
electrical power transformation process
processo de transformação de energia elétrica
A PlannedProcess in which electrical energy is converted from one voltage level to another by a transformer through electromagnetic induction between primary and secondary windings, resulting in power transfer at the desired voltage level.
A PlannedProcess in which electrical power at one voltage and current level is converted to electrical power at a different voltage and current level through electromagnetic induction in a transformer winding system.
electrical signal
sinal elétrico
An information content entity constituting an electrical signal carrying a measurement, control, or status value within petroleum production instrumentation and control systems.
electrical switch
interruptor elétrico
A material artifact that constitutes a device that opens or closes an electrical circuit in response to a manual or automatic input in petroleum production equipment.
electrochemical oxidation process
processo de oxidação eletroquímica
A planned process in which a material is oxidised at an electrode surface through an electrochemical reaction, such as in cathodic protection or electrochemical sensing.
emergency shut down process
processo de parada de emergência
A planned process in which process flows or equipment are rapidly and automatically isolated in response to a detected hazardous condition.
enclosure function
função de proteção e invólucro
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary around internal components while maintaining structural integrity and enabling controlled fluid flow through integral connection points.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary that contains, supports, and isolates internal components from external environment while maintaining structural integrity.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective boundary that separates an internal space from the external environment while providing structural support for contained components.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a protective housing or containment boundary for internal components or mechanisms.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a structural boundary that contains and directs fluid flow while accommodating internal flow control components.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing a structural boundary that houses and protects internal mechanical components from the environment while maintaining structural integrity.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing physical containment and environmental protection for internal components or systems.
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an EnclosureProcess and that consists in providing protective containment and structural support for internal mechanical components, maintaining their spatial arrangement and protecting them from external environmental conditions.
enclosure process
processo de proteção e invólucro
A PlannedProcess in which a body or housing artifact provides structural containment and protection for internal mechanical components or assemblies.
A PlannedProcess in which a casing provides protective containment around internal components, maintaining their operational environment and structural integrity while allowing controlled access for maintenance.
A PlannedProcess in which a casing provides protective containment around mechanical components while enabling controlled fluid passage through designed openings and maintaining pressure boundaries.
A PlannedProcess in which a housing artifact creates and maintains a protective boundary around internal components, simultaneously providing structural support and environmental separation.
A PlannedProcess in which a housing or casing provides containment and protection for internal components, maintaining separation between the internal mechanism and external environment.
A PlannedProcess in which a housing structure provides physical containment and environmental protection for internal components, shielding them from external conditions such as moisture, dust, mechanical impact, and temperature variations.
A PlannedProcess in which a structural body provides containment and directional guidance for fluid flow while housing internal valve components that control the flow.
A PlannedProcess in which a structural housing provides containment and protection for mechanical components, creating a defined boundary between internal mechanisms and the external environment.
energy diffusion function
função de difusão de energia
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the dispersion of thermal, acoustic, or kinetic energy over a larger volume or surface to reduce its local intensity.
energy diffusion process
processo de difusão de energia
A planned process in which thermal, acoustic, or kinetic energy is dispersed over a larger volume or surface to reduce its local intensity.
energy extraction function
função de extração de energia
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the recovery of useful work or heat from a process stream, pressure differential, or thermal source.
energy extraction process
processo de extração de energia
A planned process in which useful work or heat is recovered from a process stream, pressure differential, or thermal source in petroleum production equipment.
energy portion
porção de energia
A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of energy in a defined form that participates in a process within petroleum production equipment.
energy transfer function
função de transferência de energia
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the movement of energy in the form of heat, work, or electromagnetic radiation from one medium or system to another.
energy transfer process
processo de transferência de energia
A planned process in which energy in the form of heat, work, or electromagnetic radiation is transferred from one medium or system to another.
equipment item
item de equipamento
A material artifact that constitutes a discrete item of petroleum production equipment assembled or installed as a unit within a production system.
equipment support function
função de suporte de equipamento
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical support of process equipment to maintain its position and transmit loads to a structural foundation.
equipment support process
processo de suporte de equipamento
A planned process in which process equipment is mechanically supported to maintain its position and transmit structural loads to a foundation.
exhaust gas
gás de escapamento
A material artifact that constitutes the combustion exhaust gas discharged from an engine, turbine, or fired heater in a petroleum production installation.
exhaust gas portion
porção de escapamento de gás
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of exhaust gas at a defined point in the exhaust system of petroleum production equipment.
expanded gas portion
porção expandido de gás
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas that has undergone expansion and pressure reduction in petroleum production equipment.
filter medium
meio de filtro
A material artifact that constitutes the porous material through which a fluid stream passes to remove suspended particulates or liquid droplets in petroleum production equipment.
constituintes filtrado
filtered constituents
A material artifact that constitutes the fluid constituents that pass through a filter medium during a filtration process in petroleum production equipment.
contaminantes filtrado
filtered contaminants
A material artifact that constitutes the solid or liquid contaminants captured and retained by a filter medium during a filtration process.
filtered fluid portion
porção filtrado de fluido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid from which particulate or liquid contaminants have been removed by filtration.
filtration process
processo de filtração
A PlannedProcess in which particles, contaminants, or unwanted substances are selectively retained from a fluid stream by a filter element through mechanical screening or other separation mechanisms while clean fluid passes through.
finned tube
tubo de aletado
A material artifact that constitutes a heat transfer tube with extended surfaces—fins—that increase the external surface area to enhance heat exchange with a gas stream.
fired heating function
função de aquecimento a combustão
A heating function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of thermal energy generated by combustion to a process stream or vessel.
fired heating process
processo de aquecimento a combustão
A heating process in which thermal energy is generated by the combustion of fuel and transferred to a process stream or vessel through a fired heater.
flame arrest function
função de contenção de chama
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the prevention of flame propagation through a flammable gas mixture by quenching the flame front in narrow passages.
flame arrest process
processo de contenção de chama
A planned process in which flame propagation through a flammable gas mixture is prevented by quenching the flame front in narrow passages of a flame arrester.
flame detection function
função de detecção de chama
A detection function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the sensing of the presence of a flame or combustion event by detecting radiant energy or other combustion signatures.
flame detection process
processo de detecção de chama
A detection process in which the presence of a flame or combustion event is sensed by detecting radiant energy or other combustion signatures.
flash vaporization function
função de vaporização flash
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the partial vaporisation of a pressurised liquid stream caused by a rapid reduction in pressure.
flash vaporization process
processo de vaporização flash
A planned process in which a pressurised liquid stream is partially vaporised as a result of a rapid reduction in pressure.
diafragma flexível
flexible diaphragm
A material artifact that constitutes a flexible membrane that separates two chambers and transmits pressure between them in petroleum production measurement or control equipment.
flow control process
processo de controle de fluxo
A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is permitted, obstructed, diverted or regulated through the mechanical positioning of a closure member within the flow stream, resulting in the desired flow characteristics.
A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is regulated, directed, or restricted through a valve body by positioning internal closure elements to achieve desired flow characteristics.
A PlannedProcess in which the flow of fluid through a conduit is regulated, directed, or interrupted by mechanical means, typically involving the movement of closure elements against seating surfaces to modify flow passages.
flow indication process
processo de indicação de fluxo
A planned process in which the instantaneous flow rate of a process stream is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to a remote monitoring system.
flow measurement
medição de fluxo
A measurement information content entity constituting a quantitative value representing the flow rate of a process stream as measured by petroleum production instrumentation.
flow measurement process
processo de medição de fluxo
A PlannedProcess in which a measuring element determines the flow rate of a fluid by sensing flow-related physical phenomena and converting them into measurable signals or indications.
flow modification function
função de modificação de fluxo
A FlowControlFunction that is realized in a FlowModificationProcess and that consists in altering the characteristics of fluid flow (such as velocity profile, turbulence, pressure drop pattern, or flow distribution) without primarily controlling the flow rate or direction.
flow modification process
processo de modificação de fluxo
A PlannedProcess in which the characteristics of fluid flow are altered by a flow modification accessory, resulting in changes to flow patterns, velocity profiles, turbulence levels, or pressure drop characteristics while the fluid passes through or around the device.
flow restriction process
processo de restrição de fluxo
A planned process in which the flow rate or pressure of a fluid stream is reduced in a controlled manner by introducing a fixed or variable resistance.
flow signal transmission process
processo de transmissão de sinal de fluxo
A signal transmission process in which a standardised signal representing a measured flow rate is transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
flow switching function
função de chaveamento de fluxo
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation of a discrete switching signal when the flow rate of a process stream crosses a defined threshold.
flow switching process
processo de chaveamento de fluxo
A planned process in which a discrete switching signal is generated when the flow rate of a process stream crosses a defined threshold.
fluid conduction function
função de condução de fluido
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conveyance of a fluid from one location to another while maintaining containment and flow direction.
fluid conduction process
processo de condução de fluido
A planned process in which a fluid is conveyed from one location to another through containment structures while maintaining flow direction and preventing leakage.
fluid direction function
função de direcionamento de fluido
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the guidance or steering of fluid flow in a defined direction within a process system.
fluid direction process
processo de direcionamento de fluido
A planned process in which fluid flow is guided or steered in a defined direction within a process system.
fluid distribution function
função de distribuição de fluido
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the splitting and delivery of a fluid stream to multiple downstream points in defined proportions.
fluid distribution process
processo de distribuição de fluido
A planned process in which a fluid stream is split and delivered to multiple downstream points in defined proportions.
fluid mixture portion
porção de fluido de mistura
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of a mixture of two or more fluids at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
abertura de fluido
fluid opening
A material artifact that constitutes an opening in the body of petroleum production equipment through which fluid enters or exits.
bocal de fluido
fluid port
A material artifact that constitutes a port or connection point through which fluid enters or exits a component of petroleum production equipment.
fluid portion
A material artifact that constitutes a defined portion of fluid at a specified point within a petroleum production process stream.
fluid transport function
função de transporte de fluido
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conveyance of a fluid over distance by exploiting pressure differentials, gravity, or imparted energy.
fluid transport process
processo de transporte de fluido
A planned process in which a fluid is conveyed over distance by exploiting pressure differentials, gravity, or energy imparted by petroleum production equipment.
force to electrical transduction function
função de transdução força-elétrica
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of a mechanical force or pressure into a proportional electrical signal.
force to electrical transduction process
processo de transdução força-elétrica
A planned process in which a mechanical force or pressure is converted into a proportional electrical signal by petroleum production instrumentation.
force transmission function
função de transmissão de força
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a ForceTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical force or motion from one component to another through direct physical coupling.
force transmission process
processo de transmissão de força
A PlannedProcess in which mechanical force or motion is transferred from an input component to an output component through direct physical coupling and mechanical linkage.
formation fluid portion
porção de formação de fluido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid originating from a subsurface geological formation and produced through a petroleum production well.
fuel portion
porção de combustível
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fuel supplied to a combustion device in petroleum production equipment.
elemento de gás de detecção de medição
gas detecting measuring element
A material artifact that constitutes a sensing element within petroleum production gas detection equipment that responds to the presence and concentration of a target gas.
função de detecção de gás
gas detection function
A detection function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the sensing and identification of the presence or concentration of a specific gas or vapour in the surrounding atmosphere.
gas detection process
processo de detecção de gás
A detection process in which the presence or concentration of a specific gas or vapour in the surrounding atmosphere is sensed and identified.
gas mixture portion
porção de gás de mistura
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of a mixture of two or more gases at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
gas movement process
processo de movimentação de gás
A planned process in which gas is transported from one location to another by imparting kinetic or pressure energy to the gas stream.
gas portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
gaseous fuel portion
porção gasoso de combustível
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gaseous fuel—such as natural gas—supplied to combustion equipment in a petroleum production installation.
gaseous portion
porção gasoso
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of gas phase material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
função de separação gravitacional
gravity separation function
A separation function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of phases of differing densities by the action of gravity in a settling vessel.
gravity separation process
processo de separação gravitacional
A separation process in which phases of differing densities are separated by the action of gravity in a vessel or settler.
heating medium
meio de aquecimento
A material artifact that constitutes the fluid—steam, hot oil, or heated water—used to supply thermal energy to a process stream in petroleum production equipment.
heating process
processo de aquecimento
A planned process in which thermal energy is transferred to a process stream or vessel to raise its temperature.
high pressure fluid portion
porção alto de pressão de fluido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid maintained at a pressure significantly above the system reference pressure in petroleum production equipment.
high pressure signal
sinal alto de pressão
An information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing a high-pressure condition in a petroleum production process.
humid air portion
porção úmido de ar
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of air carrying a significant concentration of water vapour in a petroleum production process.
humidity measurement process
processo de medição de umidade
A planned process in which the moisture content or relative humidity of a gas stream is measured by petroleum production instrumentation.
fluido hidráulico
hydraulic fluid
A material artifact that constitutes the incompressible fluid used to transmit pressure and power in hydraulic systems of petroleum production equipment.
hydraulic fluid portion
porção hidráulico de fluido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of hydraulic fluid at a defined point in the hydraulic circuit of petroleum production equipment.
entrada hidráulico de bomba
hydraulic pump inlet
A material artifact that constitutes the suction inlet port through which fluid is drawn into a hydraulic pump in petroleum production hydraulic systems.
hydraulic pump outlet
saída hidráulico de bomba
A material artifact that constitutes the discharge outlet port through which pressurised fluid leaves a hydraulic pump in petroleum production hydraulic systems.
função de bombeamento hidráulico
hydraulic pumping function
A pumping function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the transfer of mechanical energy to a hydraulic fluid to transmit power or actuate hydraulic equipment.
hydraulic pumping process
processo de bombeamento hidráulico
A pumping process in which mechanical energy is imparted to a hydraulic fluid to transmit power or actuate hydraulic equipment.
fluido de hidrocarboneto
hydrocarbon fluid
A material artifact that constitutes a fluid consisting primarily of hydrocarbon compounds produced from or processed in a petroleum production system.
indication process
processo de indicação
A planned process in which the value of a process variable is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to enable monitoring.
artefato de informação de mancal
information bearing artifact
A material artifact that bears information—in the form of a signal, display, or record—representing a process variable or equipment state in petroleum production systems.
entidade de informação de mancal
information bearing entity
An information content entity constituting that carries or encodes information representing a process variable, equipment state, or analytical result in petroleum production systems.
entidade de informação de conteúdo
An information content entity constituting the informational content—a measurement value, alarm state, or analysis result—encoded in a signal or record within petroleum production systems.
função de exibição de informação
information display function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an InformationDisplayProcess and that consists in presenting or exhibiting information visually to operators or other users for the purpose of communication, monitoring, or decision-making.
information display process
processo de exibição de informação
A PlannedProcess in which information is visually presented or exhibited by a display device to operators or users, enabling communication, monitoring, or decision-making activities.
information signal
sinal de informação
An information content entity constituting a signal carrying informational content such as a measurement value or status indication within petroleum production instrumentation.
função de injeção
injection function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the introduction of a fluid, chemical, or material into a process stream, vessel, or wellbore under controlled conditions.
injection process
processo de injeção
A planned process in which a fluid, chemical, or material is introduced into a process stream, vessel, or wellbore under controlled conditions.
instrumentation process
processo de instrumentação
A planned process in which physical process variables are measured, transmitted, or controlled by instrumentation to enable monitoring and regulation of petroleum production operations.
função de interfaceamento
interfacing function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in an InterfacingProcess and that consists in providing a standardized point of interface for communication, connection, or interaction with another object or system.
interfacing process
processo de interfaceamento
A PlannedProcess in which a port establishes and maintains a point of interface that enables communication, connection, or interaction between distinct objects or systems.
função de separação knock-out
knock out separation function
A separation function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the removal of entrained liquid droplets from a gas stream by gravity or inertial impingement.
knock out separation process
processo de separação knock-out
A separation process in which entrained liquid droplets are removed from a gas stream by gravity or inertial impingement in a knockout vessel.
level detection process
processo de detecção de nível
A planned process in which the fluid level within a vessel is detected as reaching a defined high or low threshold.
level indication process
processo de indicação de nível
A planned process in which the fluid level within a vessel or container is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to a remote monitoring system.
informação de nível
level information
An information content entity constituting a measurement or display value representing the fluid level in a vessel of petroleum production equipment.
level measurement and transmission process
processo de medição e transmissão de nível
A planned process in which the fluid level within a vessel is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
level signal
sinal de nível
A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing the fluid level in a vessel of petroleum production equipment.
função de chaveamento de nível
level switching function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation of a discrete switching signal when the fluid level in a vessel crosses a defined high or low threshold.
level switching process
processo de chaveamento de nível
A planned process in which a discrete switching signal is generated when the fluid level in a vessel crosses a defined high or low threshold.
fase leve
light phase
A material artifact that constitutes the less dense of two or more phases present in a separation process within petroleum production equipment.
liquid mixture portion
porção líquido de mistura
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of a mixture of two or more liquid phases at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
liquid portion
porção líquido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of liquid phase material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
display local de pressão
local pressure display
A measurement information content entity constituting an instrument mounted locally to a pressure measurement point that visually displays the process pressure.
display local de temperatura
local temperature display
A measurement information content entity constituting an instrument mounted locally to a temperature measurement point that visually displays the process temperature.
dados de perfilagem
logging data
An information content entity constituting data acquired by measurement tools deployed in a wellbore to characterise subsurface formation properties.
low pressure signal
sinal baixo de pressão
An information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing a low-pressure condition in a petroleum production process.
manual control signal
sinal manual de controle
An information content entity constituting a control signal generated by an operator to adjust the set point or state of petroleum production equipment.
mass flow rate signal
sinal de massa de fluxo de taxa
A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical signal representing the mass flow rate of a process stream as measured by petroleum production instrumentation.
master valve
válvula de principal
A material artifact that constitutes the main isolation valve at the base of a Christmas tree that controls fluid flow from the tubing head.
artefato de material
A material artifact that constitutes a physical object that is part of a petroleum production system and bears functions whose realizations are planned processes in petroleum production operations.
componente de material
A material artifact that constitutes a discrete material component of petroleum production equipment that contributes to its overall function.
material portion
porção de material
A material artifact that constitutes a defined quantity of a material substance at a specified point in a petroleum production process.
função de processamento de material
material processing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the physical or chemical transformation of a material to alter its composition, form, or physical state.
material processing process
processo de processamento de material
A planned process in which a material is physically or chemically transformed to alter its composition, form, or physical state in petroleum production equipment.
mating surface
superfície de encaixe
A material artifact that constitutes a machined surface that mates with a corresponding surface of another component to form a seal or mechanical joint in petroleum production equipment.
processo de medição
A planned process in which the value of a physical or chemical quantity is determined and expressed as a numerical value with an associated unit.
measurement signal
sinal de medição
A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing a measured process variable value in petroleum production instrumentation.
elemento de medição
measuring element
A material artifact that constitutes a primary measurement element within petroleum production instrumentation that directly responds to the measured variable.
função de geração de energia mecânica
mechanical energy generation function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of thermal, chemical, or electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of rotational or linear motion.
mechanical energy generation process
processo de geração de energia mecânica
A planned process in which thermal, chemical, or electrical energy is converted into rotational or linear mechanical energy by petroleum production equipment.
mechanical energy portion
porção mecânico de energia
A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of mechanical energy—kinetic or potential—present in a component or fluid of petroleum production equipment.
mechanical support
suporte mecânico
A material artifact that constitutes a structural member that bears mechanical loads to maintain the position and alignment of petroleum production equipment.
estrutura metálico
metallic structure
A material artifact that constitutes a metallic structural element—frame, vessel shell, or structural member—that forms part of a petroleum production installation.
mixed fluid portion
porção misto de fluido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid formed by the combination of two or more streams in petroleum production equipment.
função de mistura
mixing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the combination and blending of two or more fluid streams or components to achieve a homogeneous mixture.
mixing process
processo de mistura
A planned process in which two or more fluid streams or components are combined and blended to achieve a homogeneous mixture.
função de compensação de movimentação
movement compensation function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the accommodation of relative movement between connected components caused by thermal expansion, vibration, or settlement.
movement compensation process
processo de compensação de movimentação
A planned process in which relative movement between connected components caused by thermal expansion, vibration, or settlement is accommodated without transmitting excessive stress.
moving object
objeto móvel
A material artifact that constitutes a moving element within petroleum production equipment—such as a piston, rotor, or actuator—that transmits force or motion.
moving vane
palheta móvel
A material artifact that constitutes a moving blade or vane within a turbine, pump, or separator that interacts with a fluid stream in petroleum production equipment.
função de transmissão de múltiplos serviços
multi service transmission function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the simultaneous measurement and transmission of multiple process variables to a remote control or monitoring system.
multi service transmission process
processo de transmissão de múltiplos serviços
A planned process in which multiple process variables are simultaneously measured and their corresponding signals transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
multiphase fluid portion
porção multifásico de fluido
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid containing two or more distinct phases—gas, liquid hydrocarbon, or water—at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
função de silenciamento de ruído
noise silencing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the attenuation of acoustic energy in a fluid stream or mechanical system to reduce radiated noise to acceptable levels.
noise silencing process
processo de silenciamento de ruído
A planned process in which acoustic energy in a fluid stream or mechanical system is attenuated to reduce radiated noise to an acceptable level.
oil portion
porção de óleo
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of liquid hydrocarbon at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
overcurrent protection by fusing function
painel
panel
A material artifact that constitutes a flat structural panel that provides a mounting surface for instrumentation, controls, or electrical equipment in a petroleum production installation.
indicação de fase de sequência
phase sequence indication
A measurement information content entity constituting a displayed or transmitted value representing the phase sequence of an alternating-current electrical supply in a petroleum production installation.
phase sequence measurement process
processo de medição de sequência de fases
A planned process in which the phase sequence of an alternating-current electrical supply is measured and verified by petroleum production instrumentation.
objeto físico
physical object
A material artifact that constitutes a discrete physical entity within a petroleum production system that occupies space and has defined material properties.
physical variable
variável físico
An information content entity constituting a measurable physical property—such as pressure, temperature, or flow rate—of a process stream or equipment state in petroleum production.
pig from pipeline
pipeline de pig de proveniente de
A material artifact that constitutes a pipeline pig that has been retrieved from a pipeline after completing its pass and is now held in the pig receiver.
função de lançamento e recebimento de pig
pig launching and receiving function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes both the controlled introduction of a pipeline pig into a pipeline and its retrieval after passage through the line.
pig launching and receiving process
processo de lançamento e recebimento de pig
A planned process in which a pipeline pig is introduced into a pipeline under operating pressure and subsequently retrieved after completing its passage.
função de lançamento de pig
pig launching function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the controlled introduction of a pipeline pig into a pipeline under operating pressure.
pig launching process
processo de lançamento de pig
A planned process in which a pipeline pig is introduced into a pipeline under operating pressure to perform internal cleaning, inspection, or product separation.
função de recebimento de pig
pig receiving function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the controlled retrieval and containment of a pipeline pig after its passage through a pipeline.
pig receiving process
processo de recebimento de pig
A planned process in which a pipeline pig is retrieved and contained in a receiving trap after completing its passage through a pipeline.
pig de tubo
pipe pig
A material artifact that constitutes a device propelled through a pipeline by the flow of product to perform internal inspection, cleaning, or product separation.
função de corte de tubulação
pipe shearing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical cutting of a tubular string within a wellbore to enable emergency well control.
pipe shearing process
processo de corte de tubulação
A planned process in which a tubular string within a wellbore is mechanically cut to enable emergency well control.
pig de pipeline
pipeline pig
A material artifact that constitutes a device inserted into and propelled through a pipeline to perform internal inspection, cleaning, or gauging operations.
piston
pistão
A material artifact that constitutes a sliding disc or cylinder that moves within a cylindrical bore to compress gas or transmit hydraulic force in petroleum production equipment.
pneumatic energy conversion process
processo de conversão de energia pneumática
A planned process in which compressed-gas energy is converted into rotational mechanical energy by pneumatic actuators or motors.
função de acionamento pneumático
pneumatic motor function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of compressed-gas energy into rotational mechanical motion.
polyphase electrical signal
sinal polifásico elétrico
An information content entity constituting a multi-phase electrical signal used to characterise or transmit information about a polyphase alternating-current supply.
position limit detection process
processo de detecção de limite de posição
A planned process in which the end-of-travel or open or closed position of a moving mechanical component is detected and signalled.
position measurement and transmission process
processo de medição e transmissão de posição
A measurement process in which the position of a mechanical component is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
position signal
sinal de posição
A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical signal representing the position of a mechanical component in petroleum production equipment.
função de transmissão de posição
position transmission function
A signal transmission function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the position of a mechanical component and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a remote monitoring system.
power transmission process
processo de transmissão de potência
A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transferred from a prime mover through a rotating shaft to one or more driven machines, typically involving the conversion of torque and rotational speed to match operational requirements.
A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted from a driving component to a driven component through the rotation or linear motion of a shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and rotational speed.
A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted from an external energy source through a rotating shaft to downstream mechanical components, enabling power transfer within a mechanical system.
A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted through rotational motion from one component to another via a rotating shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and angular velocity to mounted components.
A PlannedProcess in which mechanical power is transferred from one rotating or reciprocating component to another through direct mechanical engagement, resulting in motion transmission and potentially torque or speed modification.
A PlannedProcess in which mechanical rotational energy is transmitted from a prime mover through a shaft to driven components, resulting in the transfer of torque and rotational motion necessary for equipment operation.
pressure containment process
processo de contenção de pressão
A planned process in which a fluid is held within a defined pressure boundary to prevent uncontrolled release to the environment.
função de indicação e transmissão de pressão
pressure indicating and transmission function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of process pressure and both its local display and the transmission of the corresponding signal to a remote monitoring system.
pressure indicating and transmission process
processo de indicação e transmissão de pressão
A planned process in which process pressure is measured and both displayed locally and transmitted as a standardised signal to a remote monitoring system.
pressure measurement process
processo de medição de pressão
A planned process in which the absolute or gauge pressure of a process stream is measured and expressed as a quantitative value.
leitura de pressão
pressure reading
A measurement information content entity constituting a quantitative value representing the pressure of a process stream as measured and displayed by petroleum production instrumentation.
pressure reduction process
processo de redução de pressão
A planned process in which the pressure of a fluid is reduced from a higher upstream value to a controlled lower downstream value.
pressure relief process
processo de alívio de pressão
A planned process in which a flow path is automatically opened to discharge fluid when process pressure exceeds a defined set point, protecting equipment from overpressure.
pressure relief valve
válvula de pressão de alívio
A material artifact that constitutes a self-actuating safety valve that opens at a defined set pressure to discharge fluid and protect equipment from overpressure.
pressure sensing process
processo de sensoriamento de pressão
A planned process in which fluid pressure is detected and converted into a measurable electrical or pneumatic signal.
pressure sensor
sensor de pressão
A material artifact that constitutes a sensing element assembly that measures fluid pressure and converts it into an electrical or pneumatic signal.
pressure signal
sinal de pressão
A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing the pressure of a process stream in petroleum production equipment.
par de pressão de sinal
pressure signal pair
An information content entity constituting a pair of pressure signals representing the upstream and downstream pressures at two points of a petroleum production process.
pressure signal transmission process
processo de transmissão de sinal de pressão
A signal transmission process in which a standardised signal representing a measured pressure value is transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
pressure transmission process
processo de transmissão de pressão
A planned process in which a standardised signal representing a measured pressure value is transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
porção pressurizado de fluido
pressurized fluid portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of fluid held at a pressure above the reference pressure in petroleum production equipment.
porção de processo de fluido
process fluid portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of the process fluid—hydrocarbon, water, or gas—handled at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
amostra de processo de fluido
process fluid sample
An information content entity constituting a representative sample of process fluid withdrawn from a petroleum production stream for analysis or testing.
process variable
variável de processo
An information content entity constituting a measurable variable—pressure, temperature, flow rate, or level—that characterises the state of a petroleum production process.
elemento protegido de temperatura de sensoriamento
protected temperature sensing element
A material artifact that constitutes a temperature sensing element installed within a thermowell or protective sheath to isolate it from the process medium while remaining thermally coupled.
câmara de bomba
pump chamber
A material artifact that constitutes the enclosed space within a pump casing in which fluid is pressurised by the impeller or piston.
processo de bombeamento
pumping process
A planned process in which mechanical energy is imparted to a fluid to increase its pressure, velocity, or elevation.
borda saliente
raised edge
A material artifact that constitutes a raised rim or flange on a component of petroleum production equipment that provides a sealing surface or structural boundary.
processo de despressurização rápida
rapid depressurization process
A planned process in which pressure within a process system is discharged at an accelerated rate to a safe destination in an emergency.
função de aquecimento reativo
reactive heating function
A heating function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the generation and transfer of thermal energy through an exothermic chemical reaction.
processo de aquecimento reativo
reactive heating process
A heating process in which thermal energy is generated by a chemical reaction and transferred to the process, such as in a reactor or fired heater.
função de refervimento
reboiling function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the partial vaporisation of liquid at the base of a distillation column by supplying heat to drive vapour upward through the column.
processo de refervimento
reboiling process
A planned process in which liquid at the base of a distillation column is partially vaporised by the supply of heat to drive vapour upward through the column.
reference signal
sinal de referência
An information content entity constituting a signal representing a reference value—such as a set point or calibration standard—used in control or measurement systems of petroleum production equipment.
material de removido
removed material
A material artifact that constitutes material—scale, deposits, or cuttings—removed from a surface or stream by a mechanical cleaning process in petroleum production equipment.
objeto restrito
restricted object
A material artifact that constitutes a component whose movement or flow is constrained by a restriction mechanism in petroleum production equipment.
cascalhos de rocha
rock cuttings
A material artifact that constitutes rock fragments produced by the drill bit during drilling and transported to surface by the circulating drilling fluid.
palhetas rotativo
rotating vanes
A material artifact that constitutes an assembly of vanes attached to a rotating element that interacts with a fluid stream in petroleum production equipment.
função de transferência de energia rotacional
rotational energy transfer function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a RotationalEnergyTransferProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy through rotational motion within a machine assembly.
processo de transferência de energia rotacional
rotational energy transfer process
A PlannedProcess in which a rotor transfers mechanical energy through its rotational motion, enabling the operation of rotating machinery such as motors, compressors, pumps, and turbines.
função de raspagem
scraping function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical removal of deposits, scale, or coatings from the interior surface of a pipeline or vessel.
processo de raspagem
scraping process
A planned process in which deposits, scale, or coatings are mechanically removed from the interior surface of a pipeline or vessel.
junta selado
sealed joint
A material artifact that constitutes a joint between two components in petroleum production equipment that is sealed to prevent leakage of process fluid.
função de vedação
sealing function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a SealingProcess and that consists in providing a tight interface against which a closure element bears to prevent fluid leakage through a valve.
processo de vedação
sealing process
A PlannedProcess in which a valve seat provides a sealing interface for a closure element (gate, ball, disc) to bear against, preventing fluid passage when the valve is closed.
sealing system
sistema de vedação
A material artifact that constitutes the assembly of seals, gaskets, and packing that prevents leakage between two components of petroleum production equipment.
elemento de sensoriamento
sensing element
A material artifact that constitutes a primary element that directly responds to a physical or chemical variable to generate a measurement signal in petroleum production instrumentation.
espaço separado de vapor
separate vapour space
A material artifact that constitutes a distinct vapour space within petroleum production equipment where disengaged gas accumulates above the liquid level.
porção separado líquido de sólido
separated solid liquid portion
A material artifact that constitutes the solid–liquid fraction recovered after a phase separation process in petroleum production equipment.
processo de separação
separation process
A planned process in which a heterogeneous mixture is divided into two or more fractions of differing composition by exploiting differences in physical properties.
função de agitação mecânica
shaking function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the application of oscillating mechanical motion to a screen or separator to promote separation of solids from a fluid.
processo de agitação mecânica
shaking process
A planned process in which oscillating mechanical motion is applied to a screen or separator to promote the separation of solids from a fluid.
lâmina de cisalhamento
shearing blade
A material artifact that constitutes the cutting blade of a shear ram in a blowout preventer that severs a tubular string for well control purposes.
casco
shell
A material artifact that constitutes the outer cylindrical wall of a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, or column that forms the main pressure boundary in petroleum production equipment.
saída lateral
side outlet
A material artifact that constitutes a lateral outlet port on a vessel or pipe fitting through which fluid is discharged from the side of the equipment.
signal
sinal
An information content entity constituting a physical quantity—electrical, pneumatic, or optical—carrying information about a process variable or equipment state in petroleum production systems.
função de retransmissão de sinal
signal relay function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the reception and re-transmission of a control or monitoring signal to extend its range or provide electrical isolation.
processo de retransmissão de sinal
signal relay process
A planned process in which a control or monitoring signal is received and re-transmitted to extend its range or provide electrical isolation between circuits.
função de armazenamento de sólidos a granel
solid bulk storage function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the containment and temporary storage of solid bulk materials such as catalyst, proppant, or chemical reagents.
processo de armazenamento de sólidos a granel
solid bulk storage process
A planned process in which solid bulk materials such as catalyst, proppant, or chemical reagents are contained and held for subsequent use.
solid portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of solid material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
função de armazenamento e distribuição de sólidos
solid storage and dispensing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the storage of solid materials and their controlled dispensing in metered quantities into a process stream.
processo de armazenamento e distribuição de sólidos
solid storage and dispensing process
A planned process in which solid materials are stored and dispensed in metered quantities into a process stream.
função de espaçamento
spacing function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the maintenance of a defined spatial separation between components to ensure correct alignment, clearance, or insulation.
processo de espaçamento
spacing process
A planned process in which a defined spatial separation between components is maintained to ensure correct alignment, clearance, or insulation.
sinal padronizado elétrico
standardized electrical signal
An information content entity constituting an electrical signal in a standardised format—such as 4–20 mA or 0–10 V—used to transmit process variable values between petroleum production instrumentation components.
sinal padronizado
standardized signal
An information content entity constituting a signal in a standardised format used to transmit measurement values or control commands between petroleum production instrumentation and control system components.
função de componente estacionário de máquina
stationary machine component function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a StationaryMachineComponentProcess and that consists in providing a stationary structural foundation and housing for active elements (such as windings, vanes, or seals) within rotating machinery, maintaining positional stability relative to moving components.
processo de componente estacionário de máquina
stationary machine component process
A PlannedProcess in which a stator maintains its fixed position relative to rotating components within machinery, providing structural support and housing for electromagnetic windings, guide vanes, or other functional elements that require stable positioning.
enrolamento de estator
stator winding
A material artifact that constitutes the stationary winding of an electric motor or generator that produces or responds to the rotating magnetic field in petroleum production rotating electrical equipment.
steel pipe
tubo de de aço
A material artifact that constitutes a pipe made of steel used to convey fluids under pressure in petroleum production piping systems.
processo de armazenamento
storage process
A planned process in which a fluid or material is held within a contained space for a defined period before further processing or distribution.
função de suporte estrutural
structural support function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a StructuralSupportProcess and that consists in providing mechanical support, load distribution, or structural integrity within an engineered system through a flat, planar configuration.
processo de suporte estrutural
structural support process
A PlannedProcess in which a structural element bears loads, distributes forces, or maintains structural integrity within a system, typically through its geometric configuration and material properties.
processo de acesso subsuperficial
subsurface access process
A planned process in which access to subsurface formations is established and maintained through a wellbore to enable exploration, production, or injection activities.
função de interação com recursos subsuperficiais
subsurface resource interaction function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the controlled physical interaction with subsurface formations to enable exploration, drilling, completion, or production activities.
processo de interação com recursos subsuperficiais
subsurface resource interaction process
A planned process in which petroleum production equipment physically interacts with subsurface formations to enable drilling, completion, or production operations.
processo de segurança subsuperficial
subsurface safety process
A safety relief process in which the wellbore flow path is automatically closed by a downhole safety valve to prevent uncontrolled flow of reservoir fluids to surface.
entrada de sucção
suction inlet
A material artifact that constitutes the inlet through which fluid is drawn into a pump or compressor under suction pressure in petroleum production equipment.
função de suporte
support function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the bearing of mechanical loads from attached components or piping to maintain their position and structural integrity.
cabo suportado elétrico
supported electrical cable
A material artifact that constitutes an electrical cable that is mechanically supported and routed by cable support systems in a petroleum production installation.
coluna suportado de coluna de produção
supported tubing string
A material artifact that constitutes a downhole tubing string that is suspended and supported from the wellhead by a tubing hanger in a petroleum production well.
processo de suporte
supporting process
A planned process in which mechanical loads from attached components or piping are borne by a structural element to maintain their position and integrity.
surface safety valve
válvula de superfície de segurança
A material artifact that constitutes a safety valve installed at the wellhead or surface flowline that automatically closes to prevent uncontrolled flow from the well.
processo de indicação de temperatura
temperature indication process
A planned process in which the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface is measured and displayed locally or transmitted to a remote monitoring system.
processo de medição e transmissão de temperatura
temperature measurement and transmission process
A planned process in which process temperature is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote control or monitoring system.
função de medição de temperatura
temperature measurement function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the measurement of the thermal state of a process stream or equipment surface and its expression as a quantitative value.
processo de medição de temperatura
temperature measurement process
A planned process in which the thermal state of a process stream or equipment surface is determined and expressed as a quantitative value.
elemento de temperatura de sensoriamento
temperature sensing element
A material artifact that constitutes a primary sensing element—thermocouple, RTD, or thermistor—that responds to temperature to generate a measurable signal in petroleum production instrumentation.
processo de sensoriamento de temperatura
temperature sensing process
A planned process in which thermal energy is detected and converted into a measurable signal representing the temperature of a process stream or component.
processo de proteção de sensor de temperatura
temperature sensor protection process
A PlannedProcess in which a protective barrier shields a temperature sensing element from direct contact with the process medium while maintaining thermal conductivity to enable accurate temperature measurement.
sinal de temperatura
temperature signal
A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical or pneumatic signal representing the temperature of a process stream or equipment surface in petroleum production equipment.
energia térmico
thermal energy
A material artifact that constitutes thermal energy transferred between a process stream and heat exchange surfaces of petroleum production equipment.
porção térmico de energia
thermal energy portion
A material artifact that constitutes a quantity of thermal energy at a defined point in the heat transfer circuit of petroleum production equipment.
função de acomodação de expansão térmica
thermal expansion accommodation function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the absorption of dimensional changes in piping or structures caused by variations in process temperature.
processo de acomodação de expansão térmica
thermal expansion accommodation process
A planned process in which dimensional changes in piping or structures caused by variations in process temperature are absorbed without transmitting excessive stress to connected equipment.
função de separação trifásica
three phase separation function
A separation function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a gas–liquid hydrocarbon–produced water mixture into three distinct phases by gravity and residence time.
processo de separação trifásica
three phase separation process
A separation process in which a mixture of gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and produced water is divided into three distinct phases by gravity and residence time.
função de transdução
transduction function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of one form of physical signal or energy into another form suitable for measurement or transmission.
processo de transdução
transduction process
A planned process in which one form of physical signal or energy is converted into another form suitable for measurement or transmission.
feixe de tubo
tube bundle
An assembly of heat transfer tubes, baffles, and tube sheets that forms the core of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger in petroleum production equipment.
tigela de coluna de produção
tubing bowl
A material artifact that constitutes the bowl at the top of a wellhead housing in which the tubing hanger is seated and sealed.
feixe de coluna de produção
tubing bundle
An assembly of multiple tubing strings grouped and routed together for injection or production purposes in petroleum production wells or risers.
coluna de coluna de produção
tubing string
A material artifact that constitutes the continuous string of tubing that conveys production fluids from the wellbore to the surface or delivers injection fluids downhole.
função de suporte e conexão de coluna de produção
tubing support and connection function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes both the mechanical support of tubing strings within a wellbore and their connection to surface or subsurface equipment.
processo de suporte e conexão de coluna de produção
tubing support and connection process
A planned process in which downhole tubing strings are mechanically supported within a wellbore and connected to surface or subsurface equipment.
função de suporte de coluna de produção
tubing support function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the mechanical suspension and support of downhole tubing strings within a wellbore.
processo de suporte de coluna de produção
tubing support process
A planned process in which downhole tubing strings are mechanically suspended and supported within a wellbore.
seção de turbina
turbine section
An assembly of rotor blades, stator vanes, and casing components that extracts energy from a fluid stream in a turbine stage of petroleum production turbomachinery.
função de geração de energia por turbomáquina
turbomachinery power generation function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the conversion of fluid enthalpy into shaft power through interaction with rotating turbine blades.
processo de geração de energia por turbomáquina
turbomachinery power generation process
A planned process in which fluid enthalpy is converted into shaft power through the interaction of a fluid stream with rotating turbine blades.
função de fornecimento ininterrupto de energia
uninterrupted power supply function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the provision of continuous electrical power to critical loads during interruptions to the main power supply.
processo de fornecimento ininterrupto de energia
uninterrupted power supply process
A planned process in which continuous electrical power is provided to critical loads during interruptions to the main power supply.
câmara de vácuo de referência
vacuum referencee chamber
A material artifact that constitutes a sealed reference cavity maintained at a known low pressure for use as a reference in absolute pressure measurement instruments.
porção de vapor
vapor portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of vapour phase material at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
processo de medição e transmissão de vibração
vibration measurement and transmission process
A planned process in which the amplitude or frequency of mechanical vibration is measured and the corresponding signal transmitted to a remote monitoring system.
sinal de vibração
vibration signal
A measurement information content entity constituting an electrical signal representing the amplitude or frequency of mechanical vibration measured in petroleum production equipment.
informação visual
visual information
An information content entity constituting visual information—such as a colour, indicator state, or display value—conveying process or equipment status to an operator.
função de inspeção visual
visual inspection function
A DesignedFunction that is realized in a VisualInspectionProcess and that consists in enabling direct optical observation of internal conditions, fluid properties, or process states within containers, vessels, or piping systems for operational monitoring, safety verification, or maintenance purposes.
processo de inspeção visual
visual inspection process
A PlannedProcess in which an operator or automated vision system directly observes the interior of a vessel or piping system through a transparent window or port to assess fluid level, flow conditions, phase behavior, contamination, or other visual indicators of process state.
sinal visual
visual signal
An information content entity constituting a visual indication—such as a light, colour band, or pointer position—conveying the state of a process variable in petroleum production equipment.
função de combustão de resíduos
waste combustion function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the thermal destruction of waste gases, liquids, or solids by controlled combustion.
processo de combustão de resíduos
waste combustion process
A planned process in which waste gases, liquids, or solids are thermally destroyed by controlled combustion in petroleum production equipment.
processo de queima de gás residual
waste gas burning process
A planned process in which surplus or waste gas is combusted in a flare or incinerator to destroy it safely and prevent atmospheric venting.
função de descarte de gás residual
waste gas disposal function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the safe disposal of waste or surplus gas streams by combustion, venting, or re-injection into a formation.
processo de descarte de gás residual
waste gas disposal process
A planned process in which waste or surplus gas streams are safely disposed of by combustion, venting, or re-injection into a subsurface formation.
porção de resíduo de gás
waste gas portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of waste or surplus gas generated in petroleum production operations that is directed to disposal equipment.
porção de resíduo de material
waste material portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of waste material generated by a processing step in petroleum production equipment and requiring disposal.
porção de água
water portion
A material artifact that constitutes a portion of water—produced water or injection water—at a defined point in a petroleum production process.
vapor de água
water vapor
A material artifact that constitutes water in the vapour phase present in a process stream handled by petroleum production equipment.
fluido de poço
well fluid
A material artifact that constitutes the fluid—hydrocarbon, water, or gas—produced from or injected into a petroleum production well.
função de controle de fluido de poço
well fluid control function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the regulation of fluid flow from a well to maintain production targets and prevent uncontrolled release.
processo de controle de fluido de poço
well fluid control process
A planned process in which the flow of fluids from a well is regulated to maintain production targets and prevent uncontrolled release.
função de controle de superfície do poço
well surface control function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the control of wellbore conditions from surface to manage production flow, monitor integrity, and enable well interventions.
processo de controle de superfície do poço
well surface control process
A planned process in which wellbore conditions are controlled from surface to manage production flow, monitor well integrity, and enable intervention operations.
spool de cabeçal de poço
wellhead spool
A material artifact that constitutes a spool piece installed between wellhead components to provide the correct bore alignment and connection points.
material úmido
wet material
A material artifact that constitutes a material containing a significant moisture or liquid content prior to processing in petroleum production equipment.
válvula de ala
wing valve
A material artifact that constitutes a flow control valve on the side outlet of a Christmas tree that directs well production to a flowline or test separator.
função de perfilagem por wireline
wireline logging function
A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the acquisition of subsurface formation and wellbore data by lowering measurement tools into the well on a wireline cable.
processo de perfilagem por wireline
wireline logging process
A planned process in which measurement tools are lowered into a well on a wireline cable to acquire subsurface formation and wellbore data.
provisional
construct or ontology development state in which content is subject to change and may change considerably
IOF users should be aware that the resource is not dependable, but can be used for reference and for further work.
released
construct or ontology development state in which the resource is stable, usable, and has been made available to external users
Release notes will be provided for any changes concerning released content, and any revisions will be backward compatible with the prior version to the degree possible.