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exported necessary COPI_0000095
Ball Valve
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000095
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-13
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A ball valve is a valve that controls fluid flow using a spherical ball closure member that rotates approximately 90 degrees to align or misalign its flow passage with the valve body ports.
PT-BR
Uma válvula esfera é uma válvula que controla o fluxo de fluidos usando um elemento de fechamento esférico que gira aproximadamente 90 graus para alinhar ou desalinhar sua passagem de fluxo com as portas do corpo da válvula.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every ball valve is a valve that has a ball closure component and participates in rotational motion processes
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (BallValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃f (FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: FlowControlFunction]∀f (FlowControlFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → FlowControlProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (FlowControlProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (BallValve(x) → ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.BallClosure ⊓ ∃participatesIn.RotationalMotionProcess) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((BallValve(x) ∧ FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m (FluidPortion(m) ∧ participatesIn(m,f)) ∧ ∃e (FluidPortion(e) ∧ participatesIn(e,f)) ∧ processType(f,FlowRegulation)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: BallValve <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :FlowControlFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :FlowControlProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :FlowControlProcess ] ; rdfs:label "flow control function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de controle de fluxo"@pt-br . ### Process type :FlowControlProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "flow control process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de controle de fluxo"@pt-br . :FlowControlProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidPortion ] . ### Equipment universal: BallValve :BallValve rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valve ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :FlowControlFunction ] ; rdfs:label "ball valve"@en ; rdfs:label "válvula esfera"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A ball valve is a valve that controls fluid flow using a spherical ball closure member that rotates approximately 90 degrees to align or misalign its flow passage with the valve body ports."@en ; skos:definition "A ball valve is a valve that controls fluid flow using a spherical ball closure member that rotates approximately 90 degrees to align or misalign its flow passage with the valve body ports."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma válvula esfera é uma válvula que controla o fluxo de fluidos usando um elemento de fechamento esférico que gira aproximadamente 90 graus para alinhar ou desalinhar sua passagem de fluxo com as portas do corpo da válvula."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every ball valve is a valve that has a ball closure component and participates in rotational motion processes"@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(BallValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(BallClosure(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃z(RotationalMotionProcess(z) ∧ participatesIn(x,z)))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "As a constructive type defined by physical mechanism, sufficient conditions are omitted to avoid false positives under Open World Assumption. Complex multi-way valves or specialized equipment containing ball mechanisms should not be automatically classified as standard ball valves without domain expert validation."@en ; # Disjointness: BallValve and GateValve [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :BallValve :GateValve ) . # Disjointness: BallValve and ButterflyValve [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :BallValve :ButterflyValve ) .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
FlowControlFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
FlowControlProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
Ball valves share the same identity-giving function as other valves - controlling fluid flow. This function is already established for the Valve class in our ontology. The ball mechanism is the differentiating factor, not a unique function.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
Valvebfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
All sources consistently identify ball valve as a subtype of valve (rotary valve, valve). Valve is already enriched in our ontology with FlowControlFunction. MaterialArtifact is appropriate as ball valves are causally unified artifacts that can be monolithic or have connected components maintained as single units.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.BallClosure ⊓ ∃participatesIn.RotationalMotionProcess

A ball valve is distinguished from other valves by having a spherical ball closure member that rotates approximately 90 degrees to open and close the flow path.

The ball closure member is the essential structural component that defines ball valve identity across all sources. The 90-degree rotational motion is the kinematic signature that distinguishes it from linear motion valves (gate) or other rotational designs (butterfly disc).
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias

No necessary parts recorded.

These are the minimal components that every ball valve must have: the ball itself, stem for actuation, and seat for sealing. Other components like actuators, bonnets vary by subtype.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
{'type': 'FluidPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'any phase - liquid, gas, or multiphase'}
OutputsSaídas
{'type': 'FluidPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'same composition and phase as input, controlled flow rate'}
TransformationTransformação
flow rate control through variable restriction area
Ball valves provide on-off or throttling control of single fluid streams through rotational positioning of the ball's flow passage
Disjoint WithDisjunto com
GateValve ButterflyValve
C1: GateValve, ButterflyValve. These valve types have incompatible closure mechanisms - linear sliding gate vs rotating ball vs rotating disc - making it impossible for a single valve instance to simultaneously embody multiple closure mechanisms
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000095
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000095
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-04-13
UpdatedAtualizado2026-06-25
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13
ISA 5.1-2022 — wikimedia/valve.svg
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneroValve
Root classClasse raizMaterialArtifact
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoFlowControlFunction
ProcessProcessoFlowControlProcess
PartsPartes0
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 5 sources
ISO 15926-4 BALL VALVE
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
CFIHOS ball valve
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
SLB Glossary ball valve
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
ONEPETRO_GLOSSARY Ball valve
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
POSC Caesar Ball Valve
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.