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exported necessary COPI_0000121
Gearbox
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000121
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-13
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A gearbox is an assembly that consists of a gear casing containing an arrangement of two or more gear-wheels that transmit rotating motion from an input shaft to an output shaft.
PT-BR
Uma caixa de engrenagens é um conjunto que consiste em um invólucro de engrenagens contendo um arranjo de duas ou mais rodas de engrenagem que transmitem movimento rotativo de um eixo de entrada para um eixo de saída.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every gearbox is an assembly that has component parts including a gear casing, at least two gear-wheels, an input shaft, and an output shaft, and bears a power transmission function.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (Gearbox(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f (PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: PowerTransmissionFunction]∀f (PowerTransmissionFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → PowerTransmissionProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (PowerTransmissionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (Gearbox(x) → ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GearCasing ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GearWheel ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.InputShaft ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.OutputShaft ⊓ (≥2 hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GearWheel)) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Necessary part: GearCasing]∀x (Gearbox(x) → ∃p (GearCasing(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Necessary part: GearWheel]∀x (Gearbox(x) → ∃p (GearWheel(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Necessary part: InputShaft]∀x (Gearbox(x) → ∃p (InputShaft(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Necessary part: OutputShaft]∀x (Gearbox(x) → ∃p (OutputShaft(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((Gearbox(x) ∧ PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → processType(f,MechanicalPowerTransmission)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: Gearbox <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :PowerTransmissionFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionProcess ] ; rdfs:label "power transmission function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de transmissão de potência"@pt-br . ### Process type :PowerTransmissionProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "power transmission process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de transmissão de potência"@pt-br . ### Equipment universal: Gearbox :Gearbox rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:Assembly ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionFunction ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :GearCasing ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :GearWheel ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :InputShaft ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutputShaft ] ; rdfs:label "gearbox"@en ; rdfs:label "caixa de engrenagens"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A gearbox is an assembly that consists of a gear casing containing an arrangement of two or more gear-wheels that transmit rotating motion from an input shaft to an output shaft."@en ; skos:definition "A gearbox is an assembly that consists of a gear casing containing an arrangement of two or more gear-wheels that transmit rotating motion from an input shaft to an output shaft."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma caixa de engrenagens é um conjunto que consiste em um invólucro de engrenagens contendo um arranjo de duas ou mais rodas de engrenagem que transmitem movimento rotativo de um eixo de entrada para um eixo de saída."@pt-br ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions for this constructive type because the structural differentia (specific gear casing and gear-wheel arrangement) is complex and making it sufficient under Open World Assumption could lead to false positives - specialized equipment containing gear mechanisms might be incorrectly classified as standard gearboxes."@en ; :GearCasing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ; rdfs:label "carcaça de caixa de engrenagens"@pt-br ; rdfs:label "gear casing"@en . :GearWheel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ; rdfs:label "roda dentada"@pt-br ; rdfs:label "gear wheel"@en . :InputShaft rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ; rdfs:label "eixo de entrada"@pt-br ; rdfs:label "input shaft"@en . :OutputShaft rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ; rdfs:label "eixo de saída"@pt-br ; rdfs:label "output shaft"@en . # Disjointness: Gearbox and HeatExchanger [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Gearbox :HeatExchanger ) .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
PowerTransmissionFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
PowerTransmissionProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
Gearboxes are designed to transmit mechanical power (force and motion) from input to output shaft, typically with speed/torque conversion. This is the generic function of all power transmission equipment.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
Assemblybfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
No domain-specific superclass exists in the parent candidates or enriched classes. Gearbox is a causally unified artefact with physically connected removable subcomponents (gears, shafts, casing, bearings) that can be disassembled for maintenance while maintaining a single causal boundary during operation.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GearCasing ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GearWheel ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.InputShaft ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.OutputShaft ⊓ (≥2 hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GearWheel)

A mechanical assembly containing a gear casing that houses an arrangement of two or more gear-wheels transmitting rotating motion from an input shaft to an output shaft.

The differentia captures the essential structural elements that make a gearbox distinct: the specific configuration of gear casing, multiple gear-wheels (minimum two), and input/output shafts. This mechanical arrangement is what distinguishes gearboxes from other power transmission devices.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias
Part classParentRelation
GearCasingMaterialArtifacthasComponentPartAtAllTimes
GearWheelMaterialArtifacthasComponentPartAtAllTimes
InputShaftMaterialArtifacthasComponentPartAtAllTimes
OutputShaftMaterialArtifacthasComponentPartAtAllTimes
These parts constitute the minimal structural requirements for any gearbox - the casing provides containment, the gear-wheels provide the transmission mechanism, and the shafts provide input/output interfaces.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
—
OutputsSaídas
—
TransformationTransformação
mechanical power transmission with speed and torque conversion through gear ratios
Gearboxes receive rotational mechanical power at one shaft and deliver it at another shaft, typically with changed speed and torque characteristics determined by gear ratios.
Disjoint WithDisjunto com
HeatExchanger
C4: HeatExchanger. Signature incompatibility: gearboxes transmit mechanical power between shafts, while pumps add energy to fluids, compressors compress gases, and heat exchangers transfer thermal energy between fluid streams.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000121
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000121
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-04-13
UpdatedAtualizado2026-07-12
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneroAssembly
Root classClasse raizAssembly
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoPowerTransmissionFunction
ProcessProcessoPowerTransmissionProcess
PartsPartes4
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 2 sources
ISO 15926-4 GEARBOX
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
DEXPI GearBox
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.