COPI · Centrifuge

exported necessary COPI_0000225

Centrifuge

IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000225

Generated onGerado em 2026-04-13

Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural

A centrifuge is a separator that uses centrifugal force generated by a rotating drum to separate phases of different densities.

PT-BR

Uma centrífuga é um separador que usa força centrífuga gerada por um tambor rotativo para separar fases de diferentes densidades.

Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais

Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)

Every centrifuge is a separator that has a rotating drum as component part and participates in centrifugal force processes.

First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem

[Necessary condition]∀x (Centrifuge(x) → Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: SeparationFunction]∀f (SeparationFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → SeparationProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (SeparationProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (Centrifuge(x) → ∃hasPart.RotatingDrum ⊓ ∃participatesIn.CentrifugalForceProcess) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((Centrifuge(x) ∧ SeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m (FluidMixture(m) ∧ participatesIn(m,f)) ∧ ∃e1 (DensePhase(e1) ∧ participatesIn(e1,f)) ∧ ∃e2 (LightPhase(e2) ∧ participatesIn(e2,f)) ∧ processType(f,PhaseSeparation)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process

OWL 2 / Turtle

@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: Centrifuge <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :SeparationFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :SeparationProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :SeparationProcess ] ; rdfs:label "separation function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de separação"@pt-br . ### Process type :SeparationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "separation process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de separação"@pt-br . :SeparationProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidMixture ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :DensePhase ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightPhase ] . ### Equipment universal: Centrifuge :Centrifuge rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Separator ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :SeparationFunction ] ; rdfs:label "centrifuge"@en ; rdfs:label "centrífuga"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A centrifuge is a separator that uses centrifugal force generated by a rotating drum to separate phases of different densities."@en ; skos:definition "A centrifuge is a separator that uses centrifugal force generated by a rotating drum to separate phases of different densities."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma centrífuga é um separador que usa força centrífuga gerada por um tambor rotativo para separar fases de diferentes densidades."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every centrifuge is a separator that has a rotating drum as component part and participates in centrifugal force processes."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (Centrifuge(x) → Separator(x) ∧ ∃d (RotatingDrum(d) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,d)) ∧ ∃p (CentrifugalForceProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Although functionally defined as a separator, the constructive differentia (centrifugal mechanism) makes sufficient conditions complex under OWA. Any equipment with a rotating drum could potentially be classified as a centrifuge even if designed for other purposes (mixing, drying, etc.). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives."@en ; # Disjointness: Centrifuge and Mixer [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Centrifuge :Mixer ) . # Disjointness: Centrifuge and Dryer [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Centrifuge :Dryer ) .

Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões

1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária

Function class

SeparationFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction

Realized in

SeparationProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess

All definitions consistently identify separation as the identity-giving function. Since 'separator' is already enriched with SeparationFunction, we reuse this function rather than creating a new CentrifugalSeparationFunction. The centrifugal mechanism is a constructive differentia, not a functional one.

2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero

Separatorbfo:Object (BFO_0000030)

ISO 15926 and POSC Caesar explicitly state centrifuge is a subtype of 'separator'. The separator class is already enriched in our ontology with function SeparationFunction and genus Vessel. This provides the most specific appropriate superclass, inheriting the separation function while allowing the centrifugal mechanism to serve as differentia.

3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica

∃hasPart.RotatingDrum ⊓ ∃participatesIn.CentrifugalForceProcess

Uses centrifugal force generated by a rotating drum or bowl to achieve phase separation based on density differences.

The rotating drum/bowl is the essential mechanical component that generates centrifugal force, and participation in centrifugal force processes is what distinguishes this from other separation methods. All sources emphasize centrifugal force as the key differentiating mechanism.

4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias

No necessary parts recorded.

These parts are universally required for centrifugal separation regardless of specific centrifuge type (bowl, decanting, filtering, etc.). The rotating drum generates centrifugal force, the drive system provides rotation, and housing provides containment and safety.

Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo

InputsEntradas

{'type': 'FluidMixture', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'contains phases of different densities'}

OutputsSaídas

{'type': 'DensePhase', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'concentrated heavy components'}, {'type': 'LightPhase', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'concentrated light components'}

TransformationTransformação

density-based phase separation using centrifugal force

Centrifuges specifically separate based on density differences using artificial centrifugal force, producing distinct heavy and light phase outputs from mixed input

Disjoint WithDisjunto com

Mixer Dryer

C4: Mixer. C?: Dryer [kind_ambiguous]. Mixers combine phases rather than separate them; dryers remove moisture through thermal processes rather than density separation; crushers reduce particle size through mechanical force rather than separating existing phases

MetadataMetadados

COPI IDCOPI ID	COPI_0000225
IRIIRI	https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000225
StatusStatus	exported
Axiom modeModo	necessary
CreatedCriado	2026-04-13
UpdatedAtualizado	2026-06-28
LLM modelModelo LLM	claude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão	2026-07-13

Quick factsDados rápidos

GenusGênero	Separator
Root classClasse raiz	Assembly
Axiom modeModo	necessary
FunctionFunção	SeparationFunction
ProcessProcesso	SeparationProcess
PartsPartes	0

Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 5 sources

ISO 15926-4 CENTRIFUGE