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exported necessary COPI_0000236
Cooling Tower
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000236
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-15
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A cooling tower is a heat exchanger that incorporates a tall tower structure through which air circulates by convection to remove heat from process fluids.
PT-BR
Uma torre de resfriamento é um trocador de calor que incorpora uma estrutura de torre alta através da qual o ar circula por convecção para remover calor de fluidos de processo.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every cooling tower is a heat exchanger that has a tower structure as component part at all times and participates in convective air circulation processes.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (CoolingTower(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃f (CoolingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: CoolingFunction]∀f (CoolingFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → CoolingProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (CoolingProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (CoolingTower(x) → ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.Tower ⊓ ∃participatesIn.ConvectiveAirCirculationProcess) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((CoolingTower(x) ∧ CoolingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m1 (LiquidPortion(m1) ∧ participatesIn(m1,f)) ∧ ∃m2 (GasPortion(m2) ∧ participatesIn(m2,f)) ∧ ∃e1 (LiquidPortion(e1) ∧ participatesIn(e1,f)) ∧ ∃e2 (GasPortion(e2) ∧ participatesIn(e2,f)) ∧ processType(f,ThermalEnergyTransfer)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: CoolingTower <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :CoolingFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :CoolingProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :CoolingProcess ] ; rdfs:label "cooling function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de resfriamento"@pt-br . ### Process type :CoolingProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "cooling process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de resfriamento"@pt-br . :CoolingProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :GasPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :GasPortion ] . ### Equipment universal: CoolingTower :CoolingTower rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatExchanger ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :CoolingFunction ] ; rdfs:label "cooling tower"@en ; rdfs:label "torre de resfriamento"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A cooling tower is a heat exchanger that incorporates a tall tower structure through which air circulates by convection to remove heat from process fluids."@en ; skos:definition "A cooling tower is a heat exchanger that incorporates a tall tower structure through which air circulates by convection to remove heat from process fluids."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma torre de resfriamento é um trocador de calor que incorpora uma estrutura de torre alta através da qual o ar circula por convecção para remover calor de fluidos de processo."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every cooling tower is a heat exchanger that has a tower structure as component part at all times and participates in convective air circulation processes."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(CoolingTower(x) ↔ HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃t(Tower(t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t)) ∧ ∃p(ConvectiveAirCirculationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; # Disjointness: CoolingTower and Heater [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :CoolingTower :Heater ) . # Disjointness: CoolingTower and Boiler [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :CoolingTower :Boiler ) .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
CoolingFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
CoolingProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is cooling - specifically removing heat from a process fluid (typically water) through heat exchange with ambient air. This is what makes a cooling tower a cooling tower rather than just any tall structure or heat exchanger.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
heat exchangerbfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
All three source definitions explicitly classify cooling tower as a type of heat exchanger (air cooled heat exchanger). The parent_candidates list includes 'heat exchanger' which is already enriched in our ontology. This is more specific than the generic 'Assembly' and captures the essential heat transfer nature of the equipment.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.Tower ⊓ ∃participatesIn.ConvectiveAirCirculationProcess

A heat exchanger that incorporates a tall tower structure through which air circulates by convection to achieve cooling.

The differentia captures the unique aspects: the tall tower structure that enables enhanced convective air circulation, and the use of ambient air as the cooling medium. This distinguishes it from other heat exchangers that may use different geometries or cooling media.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias

No necessary parts recorded.

These parts represent the minimal necessary components for any cooling tower: the tower structure itself, surfaces for heat exchange, and air flow paths for convective circulation.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
{'type': 'LiquidPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'warm process fluid, typically water'}, {'type': 'GasPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'ambient air at atmospheric conditions'}
OutputsSaídas
{'type': 'LiquidPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'cooled process fluid'}, {'type': 'GasPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'heated air, may contain water vapor'}
TransformationTransformação
heat transfer from process fluid to ambient air through convective circulation
Cooling towers have a characteristic two-fluid signature: process fluid (usually water) is cooled while ambient air is heated and potentially humidified. The transformation is purely thermal - no chemical change occurs.
Disjoint WithDisjunto com
Heater Boiler
C?: Heater [kind_ambiguous]. C?: Boiler [kind_ambiguous]. Cooling towers remove heat from process fluids while heaters and boilers add heat - these represent incompatible transformation signatures
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000236
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000236
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-04-15
UpdatedAtualizado2026-06-29
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneroheat exchanger
Root classClasse raizAssembly
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoCoolingFunction
ProcessProcessoCoolingProcess
PartsPartes0
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 3 sources
ISO 15926-4 COOLING TOWER
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
CFIHOS cooling tower
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
POSC Caesar Cooling Tower
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.