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exported necessary COPI_0000264
Engine
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000264
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-16
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
An engine is a motor that converts chemical fuel energy into mechanical force and motion through combustion processes.
PT-BR
Um motor é um motor que converte energia de combustível químico em força mecânica e movimento através de processos de combustão.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every Engine is a Motor that has function MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction and has input ChemicalFuelPortion and participates in CombustionProcess.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (Engine(x) → Motor(x) ∧ ∃f (MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction]∀f (MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (Engine(x) → ∃participatesIn.CombustionProcess) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((Engine(x) ∧ MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m1 (ChemicalFuelPortion(m1) ∧ participatesIn(m1,f)) ∧ ∃m2 (AirPortion(m2) ∧ participatesIn(m2,f)) ∧ ∃e1 (MechanicalEnergyPortion(e1) ∧ participatesIn(e1,f)) ∧ ∃e2 (ExhaustGasPortion(e2) ∧ participatesIn(e2,f)) ∧ processType(f,ChemicalTransformation)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: Engine <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ] ; rdfs:label "mechanical energy generation function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de geração de energia mecânica"@pt-br . ### Process type :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "mechanical energy generation process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de geração de energia mecânica"@pt-br . :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChemicalFuelPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :AirPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :ExhaustGasPortion ] . ### Equipment universal: Engine :Engine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motor ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction ] ; rdfs:label "engine"@en ; rdfs:label "motor"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "An engine is a motor that converts chemical fuel energy into mechanical force and motion through combustion processes."@en ; skos:definition "An engine is a motor that converts chemical fuel energy into mechanical force and motion through combustion processes."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um motor é um motor que converte energia de combustível químico em força mecânica e movimento através de processos de combustão."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every Engine is a Motor that has function MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction and has input ChemicalFuelPortion and participates in CombustionProcess."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (Engine(x) ↔ Motor(x) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(ChemicalFuelPortion(p) ∧ hasInput(x,p)) ∧ ∃c(CombustionProcess(c) ∧ participatesIn(x,c)))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; # Disjointness: Engine and ElectricMotor [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Engine :ElectricMotor ) . # Disjointness: Engine and PneumaticMotor [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Engine :PneumaticMotor ) .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is mechanical energy generation through energy conversion. This aligns with the already-enriched 'motor' class which has the same function, indicating engines and motors share this fundamental function but may differ in implementation mechanisms.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
motorbfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
ISO15926 explicitly states that an ENGINE is a MOTOR and a MACHINE. The 'motor' class is already enriched in our ontology with MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction. This creates a clean inheritance where engines are a specialized type of motor with additional constraints on the energy conversion mechanism.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃participatesIn.CombustionProcess

Engines are distinguished from other motors by using chemical fuel combustion as the energy conversion mechanism.

The differentia captures the essence of engines as combustion-based energy converters. CFIHOS explicitly mentions combustion ignition processes, and ISO's broader definition allows for various combustion mechanisms while maintaining the fuel-based energy conversion constraint.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias

No necessary parts recorded.

These parts are fundamental to the combustion process that differentiates engines from other motors. All engine subtypes (diesel, gas, petrol) require these functional components regardless of their specific implementation details.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
{'type': 'ChemicalFuelPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'combustible hydrocarbon or alternative fuel'}, {'type': 'AirPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'oxidizer for combustion'}
OutputsSaídas
{'type': 'MechanicalEnergyPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'rotational or reciprocating motion'}, {'type': 'ExhaustGasPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'combustion products'}
TransformationTransformação
chemical energy from fuel combustion converted to mechanical work with waste heat and exhaust products
This signature captures the fundamental thermodynamic cycle of engines: fuel and air inputs undergo combustion to produce mechanical work output plus exhaust products. This distinguishes engines from other motors by the combustion-based energy conversion.
Disjoint WithDisjunto com
ElectricMotor PneumaticMotor
C2: PneumaticMotor. C4: ElectricMotor. Engines use chemical fuel combustion as energy source, which is incompatible with the electrical energy input of electric motors, pressurized fluid input of hydraulic motors, or compressed gas input of pneumatic motors. The energy conversion mechanisms are mutually exclusive.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000264
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000264
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-04-16
UpdatedAtualizado2026-06-28
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneromotor
Root classClasse raizAssembly
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoMechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction
ProcessProcessoMechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess
PartsPartes0
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 2 sources
ISO 15926-4 ENGINE
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
CFIHOS engine
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.