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exported necessary COPI_0000285
Gas Engine
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000285
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-16
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A gas engine is an engine that uses gaseous fuel as input, employs a spark ignition system, and operates with a reciprocating piston mechanism to generate mechanical energy.
PT-BR
Um motor a gás é um motor que usa combustível gasoso como entrada, emprega um sistema de ignição por centelha e opera com um mecanismo de pistão alternativo para gerar energia mecânica.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every gas engine is an engine that has gaseous fuel portion as input and has spark ignition system as component part at all times and has reciprocating piston mechanism as component part at all times.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (GasEngine(x) → Engine(x) ∧ ∃f (MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction]∀f (MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (GasEngine(x) → ∃participatesIn.MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.SparkIgnitionSystem ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.ReciprocatingPistonMechanism) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((GasEngine(x) ∧ MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m1 (GaseousFuelPortion(m1) ∧ participatesIn(m1,f)) ∧ ∃m2 (AirPortion(m2) ∧ participatesIn(m2,f)) ∧ ∃e1 (MechanicalEnergyPortion(e1) ∧ participatesIn(e1,f)) ∧ ∃e2 (ExhaustGasPortion(e2) ∧ participatesIn(e2,f)) ∧ processType(f,ChemicalTransformation)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: GasEngine <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ] ; rdfs:label "mechanical energy generation function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de geração de energia mecânica"@pt-br . ### Process type :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "mechanical energy generation process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de geração de energia mecânica"@pt-br . :MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :GaseousFuelPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :AirPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :ExhaustGasPortion ] . ### Equipment universal: GasEngine :GasEngine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Engine ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction ] ; rdfs:label "gas engine"@en ; rdfs:label "motor a gás"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A gas engine is an engine that uses gaseous fuel as input, employs a spark ignition system, and operates with a reciprocating piston mechanism to generate mechanical energy."@en ; skos:definition "A gas engine is an engine that uses gaseous fuel as input, employs a spark ignition system, and operates with a reciprocating piston mechanism to generate mechanical energy."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um motor a gás é um motor que usa combustível gasoso como entrada, emprega um sistema de ignição por centelha e opera com um mecanismo de pistão alternativo para gerar energia mecânica."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every gas engine is an engine that has gaseous fuel portion as input and has spark ignition system as component part at all times and has reciprocating piston mechanism as component part at all times."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(GasEngine(x) → Engine(x) ∧ ∃f,s,r(GaseousFuelPortion(f) ∧ SparkIgnitionSystem(s) ∧ ReciprocatingPistonMechanism(r) ∧ hasInput(x,f) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,r)))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Gas engine is defined by constructive characteristics (gaseous fuel, spark ignition, reciprocating mechanism) rather than a unique function. Under Open World Assumption, making these conditions sufficient could lead to false positives where complex hybrid engines or experimental designs with these features are automatically classified as standard gas engines when they might require different maintenance/operational categories."@en ; # Disjointness: GasEngine and DieselEngine [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :GasEngine :DieselEngine ) .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
Gas engine shares the same identity-giving function as the already-enriched 'engine' class - converting fuel energy into mechanical energy. The gaseous fuel and spark ignition are constructive differentia, not functional differentia.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
enginebfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
From the parent candidates, 'engine' is the most specific appropriate superclass and is already enriched in our ontology with MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction. While 'INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE' and 'RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINE' are more specific, they are not yet enriched. The genus 'engine' provides the correct functional basis, and the gas engine differentia will specify the constructive details.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃participatesIn.MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.SparkIgnitionSystem ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.ReciprocatingPistonMechanism

Uses gaseous fuel as input, employs spark ignition system, and operates with reciprocating piston mechanism.

The three differentiating conditions are all necessary and together sufficient to distinguish gas engines from other engine types: gaseous fuel input (vs liquid fuels), spark ignition (vs compression ignition), and reciprocating mechanism (vs rotary turbines).
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias

No necessary parts recorded.

These parts are universally necessary for gas engine operation: ignition system for combustion initiation, reciprocating mechanism for energy conversion, cylinder block for containment, and gas admission system for fuel delivery.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
{'type': 'GaseousFuelPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'combustible gas (natural gas, propane, biogas, etc.)'}, {'type': 'AirPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'atmospheric air for combustion'}
OutputsSaídas
{'type': 'MechanicalEnergyPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'rotational mechanical power'}, {'type': 'ExhaustGasPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'combustion products'}
TransformationTransformação
chemical energy from gaseous fuel combustion converted to mechanical energy via reciprocating piston mechanism
Gas engines specifically consume gaseous fuel and air, producing mechanical energy and exhaust gases through internal combustion process with reciprocating motion.
Disjoint WithDisjunto com
diesel engine
C1: diesel engine. Incompatible fuel input types: gas engines require gaseous fuel while diesel engines require liquid fuel, and steam engines use external heat source rather than internal combustion of fuel.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000285
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000285
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-04-16
UpdatedAtualizado2026-06-28
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneroengine
Root classClasse raizAssembly
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoMechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction
ProcessProcessoMechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess
PartsPartes0
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 3 sources
ISO 15926-4 GAS ENGINE
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
CFIHOS gas engine
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
POSC Caesar Gas Engine
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.