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exported necessary COPI_0000290
Gear Wheel
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000290
Generated onGerado em 2026-05-04
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power.
PT-BR
Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui dentes circunferenciais para engajamento mecânico positivo com engrenagens ou cremalheiras correspondentes para transmitir movimento rotacional e potência.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
GearWheel SubClassOf Assembly and (bearerOf some PowerTransmissionFunction) and (hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some Tooth) and (hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some WheelBody)
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (GearWheel(x) → Gearbox(x) ∧ ∃f (PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: PowerTransmissionFunction]∀f (PowerTransmissionFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → PowerTransmissionProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (PowerTransmissionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (GearWheel(x) → ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.Tooth ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.WheelBody) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Necessary part: ?]∀x (GearWheel(x) → ∃p (?(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Necessary part: ?]∀x (GearWheel(x) → ∃p (?(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((GearWheel(x) ∧ PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → processType(f,MechanicalPowerTransmission)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: GearWheel <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :PowerTransmissionFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionProcess ] ; rdfs:label "power transmission function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to another through direct mechanical coupling or engagement."@en ; skos:definition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to another through direct mechanical coupling or engagement."@en . ### Process type :PowerTransmissionProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "power transmission process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical power is transferred from one rotating or reciprocating component to another through direct mechanical engagement, resulting in motion transmission and potentially torque or speed modification."@en ; skos:definition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical power is transferred from one rotating or reciprocating component to another through direct mechanical engagement, resulting in motion transmission and potentially torque or speed modification."@en . ### Equipment universal: GearWheel :GearWheel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gearbox ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionFunction ] ; rdfs:label "gear wheel"@en ; rdfs:label "roda dentada"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power."@en ; skos:definition "An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui dentes circunferenciais para engajamento mecânico positivo com engrenagens ou cremalheiras correspondentes para transmitir movimento rotacional e potência."@pt-br ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive differentia based on physical structure (toothed geometry). Under OWA, asserting equivalence could force classification of complex hybrid mechanisms or specialized toothed components that should not be categorized as standard gear wheels for maintenance purposes."@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000059 ] ;
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
PowerTransmissionFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
PowerTransmissionProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
While the ISO 15926 definition emphasizes motion transmission, gear wheels are fundamentally designed to transmit mechanical power between shafts through toothed engagement. However, this is the generic function shared by all power transmission components - the differentia for gear wheel comes from its specific toothed construction.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
gearboxbfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
The source lists 'gearbox' as an already-enriched class with PowerTransmissionFunction. A gear wheel is a component part of gearboxes and gear systems, but examining the BFO structure more carefully, a single gear wheel is a causally unified artifact (one Object) rather than an aggregate system. The more appropriate genus is actually Assembly - a gear wheel has removable parts (teeth, hub, bore) but forms one causally unified transmission component.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.Tooth ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.WheelBody

Distinguished by having circumferential teeth that engage with mating teeth on another gear or rack to transmit motion through positive mechanical engagement.

The toothed structure is the essential differentia - it enables positive engagement transmission that distinguishes gear wheels from other power transmission components. The teeth and wheel body are the minimal necessary structural elements.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias
Part classParentRelation
MaterialArtifacthasComponentPartAtAllTimes
MaterialArtifacthasComponentPartAtAllTimes
A gear wheel necessarily consists of circumferential teeth for engagement and a central body structure, but the Known Component Terms list contains no component terms for this equipment type, so specific part names cannot be provided.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
—
OutputsSaídas
—
TransformationTransformação
mechanical power transmitted through positive toothed engagement, potentially with speed and torque modification based on gear ratio
Gear wheels fundamentally transform mechanical power input to mechanical power output through toothed engagement, which is the canonical mechanical power transmission transformation. The speed/torque modification is a secondary characteristic that depends on the gear ratio.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000290
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000290
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-05-04
UpdatedAtualizado2026-07-12
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGênerogearbox
Root classClasse raizAssembly
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoPowerTransmissionFunction
ProcessProcessoPowerTransmissionProcess
PartsPartes2
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 1 source
ISO 15926-4 GEAR WHEEL
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.