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exported necessary COPI_0000323
Pipe Elbow
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000323
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-16
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry enabling directional changes in pipe runs between 0 and 135 degrees.
PT-BR
Um cotovelo de tubulação é uma tubulação que possui geometria curva permitindo mudanças direcionais em trechos de tubulação entre 0 e 135 graus.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry and enables directional change capacity between 0 and 135 degrees.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (PipeElbow(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃f (FluidConductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: FluidConductionFunction]∀f (FluidConductionFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → FluidConductionProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (FluidConductionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (PipeElbow(x) → ∃hasGeometricProperty.CurvedGeometry ⊓ ∃hasProperty.DirectionalChangeCapacity) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((PipeElbow(x) ∧ FluidConductionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m (FluidPortion(m) ∧ participatesIn(m,f)) ∧ ∃e (FluidPortion(e) ∧ participatesIn(e,f)) ∧ processType(f,FlowDirectionControl)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: PipeElbow <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :FluidConductionFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :FluidConductionProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :FluidConductionProcess ] ; rdfs:label "fluid conduction function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de condução de fluido"@pt-br . ### Process type :FluidConductionProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "fluid conduction process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de condução de fluido"@pt-br . :FluidConductionProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidPortion ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidPortion ] . ### Equipment universal: PipeElbow :PipeElbow rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pipe ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :FluidConductionFunction ] ; rdfs:label "pipe elbow"@en ; rdfs:label "cotovelo de tubulação"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry enabling directional changes in pipe runs between 0 and 135 degrees."@en ; skos:definition "A pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry enabling directional changes in pipe runs between 0 and 135 degrees."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um cotovelo de tubulação é uma tubulação que possui geometria curva permitindo mudanças direcionais em trechos de tubulação entre 0 e 135 graus."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every pipe elbow is a pipe that has curved geometry and enables directional change capacity between 0 and 135 degrees."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (PipeElbow(x) → (Pipe(x) ∧ ∃g(CurvedGeometry(g) ∧ hasGeometricProperty(x,g)) ∧ ∃p(DirectionalChangeCapacity(p) ∧ hasProperty(x,p))))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions for this constructive type protects against false positives under OWA. Any curved piping component would be forcibly classified as a pipe elbow under equivalent axioms, including specialized equipment like coiled tubing, serpentine heat exchanger tubes, or custom manifold sections that contain curved passages but should not be asserted into the standard pipe elbow maintenance category."@en ; # Disjointness: PipeElbow and PipeTee [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :PipeElbow :PipeTee ) . # Disjointness: PipeElbow and PipeReducer [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :PipeElbow :PipeReducer ) .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
FluidConductionFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
FluidConductionProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
A pipe elbow's identity-giving function is the same as any pipe component - to conduct fluid through its internal passage. The elbow geometry is a structural feature that enables this conduction function in directional changes, but does not constitute a distinct function type.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
pipebfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
From the source hierarchies, pipe elbow is classified as both a PIPING COMPONENT and an ELBOW. The most specific appropriate genus is 'pipe' since a pipe elbow is fundamentally a specialized pipe segment with curved geometry. The enriched pipe class already exists in our ontology with FluidConductionFunction, making it the correct direct superclass.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃hasGeometricProperty.CurvedGeometry ⊓ ∃hasProperty.DirectionalChangeCapacity

Has curved geometry that enables directional changes in pipe runs between 0 and 135 degrees.

The curved geometry is the essential structural differentia that distinguishes pipe elbows from straight pipes. The angular range constraint (0-135 degrees) from the definitions captures the specific geometric limitation that excludes sharper bends or return bends.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias

No necessary parts recorded.

These parts are necessary for any pipe elbow regardless of specific angle, radius, or end connection type. More specific parts (like particular end connection types) vary by subtype and should be modeled at those levels.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
{'type': 'FluidPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'any phase'}
OutputsSaídas
{'type': 'FluidPortion', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'same composition, redirected flow'}
TransformationTransformação
directional change without composition alteration
A pipe elbow conducts fluid while changing its flow direction. The fluid composition and phase remain unchanged, but the flow vector is altered according to the elbow's geometry.
Disjoint WithDisjunto com
pipe tee pipe reducer
C1: pipe tee, pipe reducer. These have incompatible process signatures: pipe elbow enables directional change with single inlet/outlet, while tee/cross enable branching/merging with multiple inlets/outlets, and reducers change cross-sectional area rather than direction.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000323
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000323
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-04-16
UpdatedAtualizado2026-06-28
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneropipe
Root classClasse raizMaterialArtifact
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoFluidConductionFunction
ProcessProcessoFluidConductionProcess
PartsPartes0
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 2 sources
ISO 15926-4 PIPE ELBOW
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
POSC Caesar Pipe Elbow
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.