exported necessary COPI_0000349
Sheave
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000349
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-15
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes.
PT-BR
Uma polia é um artefato material que é uma roda sulcada projetada para transmitir energia mecânica através da interface com correias, cordas, cabos ou tubos.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every sheave is a material artifact that has a grooved rim as component part and bears a power transmission function.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (Sheave(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f (PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: PowerTransmissionFunction]∀f (PowerTransmissionFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → PowerTransmissionProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (PowerTransmissionProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (Sheave(x) → ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GroovedRim ⊓ ∃bearerOf.PowerTransmissionFunction) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((Sheave(x) ∧ PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → processType(f,MechanicalPowerTransmission)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: Sheave <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :PowerTransmissionFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionProcess ] ; rdfs:label "power transmission function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de transmissão de potência"@pt-br . ### Process type :PowerTransmissionProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ; rdfs:label "power transmission process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de transmissão de potência"@pt-br . ### Equipment universal: Sheave :Sheave rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :PowerTransmissionFunction ] ; rdfs:label "sheave"@en ; rdfs:label "polia"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes."@en ; skos:definition "A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma polia é um artefato material que é uma roda sulcada projetada para transmitir energia mecânica através da interface com correias, cordas, cabos ou tubos."@pt-br ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive type based on physical structure. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions based solely on having a grooved rim could lead to false positives where other grooved mechanical elements (like timing belt pulleys with different design intents) are automatically classified as sheaves. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions while allowing domain experts to confirm sufficient conditions."@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000384 ] ;
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
PowerTransmissionFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
PowerTransmissionProcess ⊑ PlannedProcess
A sheave is designed to transmit mechanical power through belt/rope/wire systems by changing direction of force or providing mechanical advantage. This aligns with existing PowerTransmissionFunction used for gearbox.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
MaterialArtifactbfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
No specific 'Wheel' or 'Pulley' class exists in the enriched ontology. The parent candidates include WHEEL and ARTEFACT from ISO 15926, but these are not yet enriched. A sheave is a single causally unified mechanical component without removable subparts requiring assembly-level maintenance, making MaterialArtifact the appropriate BFO root.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.GroovedRim ⊓ ∃bearerOf.PowerTransmissionFunction

A sheave is distinguished by having a grooved rim specifically designed to interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes for power transmission.

The grooved rim is the essential structural differentia that distinguishes a sheave from other rotating mechanical elements. The groove geometry is specifically engineered for belt/rope/wire interfaces, which is what makes it a sheave rather than a plain wheel or other rotating component.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias

No necessary parts recorded.

These two parts are essential to all sheaves: the grooved rim provides the functional interface, and the hub enables mounting and rotation.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
OutputsSaídas
TransformationTransformação
mechanical force redirection and possible multiplication
A sheave transforms the direction and potentially the magnitude of mechanical forces transmitted through flexible elements like belts, ropes, or wires.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000349
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000349
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-04-15
UpdatedAtualizado2026-07-12
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-07-13