Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every valve closure member is a material artifact that is a component part of some valve and participates in flow control processes by being positioned within the flow stream.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (ValveClosureMember(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f (FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function
[Function axiom: FlowControlFunction]∀f (FlowControlFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → FlowControlProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (FlowControlProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised
[Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (ValveClosureMember(x) → ∃isComponentPartOf.Valve ⊓ ∃participatesIn.FlowControlProcess ⊓ ∃hasQuality.PositionableInFlowStream) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡)
[Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((ValveClosureMember(x) ∧ FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) →
∃m (FluidPortion(m) ∧ participatesIn(m,f)) ∧
∃e (FluidPortion(e) ∧ participatesIn(e,f)) ∧
processType(f,FlowRegulation)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: ValveClosureMember
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0-104-g4d16eff" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-07-13"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:FlowControlFunction rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :FlowControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :FlowControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "flow control function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de controle de fluxo"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FlowControlProcess and that consists in the capacity to permit, obstruct, divert or regulate the flow of fluids through a conduit or system by means of mechanical positioning within the flow stream."@en ;
skos:definition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a FlowControlProcess and that consists in the capacity to permit, obstruct, divert or regulate the flow of fluids through a conduit or system by means of mechanical positioning within the flow stream."@en .
### Process type
:FlowControlProcess rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "flow control process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de controle de fluxo"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is permitted, obstructed, diverted or regulated through the mechanical positioning of a closure member within the flow stream, resulting in the desired flow characteristics."@en ;
skos:definition "A PlannedProcess in which fluid flow is permitted, obstructed, diverted or regulated through the mechanical positioning of a closure member within the flow stream, resulting in the desired flow characteristics."@en .
:FlowControlProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :FluidPortion
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :FluidPortion
] .
### Equipment universal: ValveClosureMember
:ValveClosureMember rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :FlowControlFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "valve closure member"@en ;
rdfs:label "membro de fechamento de válvula"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a valve and that is positioned in the flow stream to permit, obstruct, divert or regulate flow through mechanical positioning."@en ;
skos:definition "A MaterialArtifact that is a component part of a valve and that is positioned in the flow stream to permit, obstruct, divert or regulate flow through mechanical positioning."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um MaterialArtifact que é uma parte componente de uma válvula e que é posicionado no fluxo para permitir, obstruir, desviar ou regular o fluxo através de posicionamento mecânico."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every valve closure member is a material artifact that is a component part of some valve and participates in flow control processes by being positioned within the flow stream."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (ValveClosureMember(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃v (Valve(v) ∧ isComponentPartOf(x,v)) ∧ ∃p (FlowControlProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃q (PositionableInFlowStream(q) ∧ hasQuality(x,q)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "As a constructive type defined by physical configuration and mechanical role, the valve closure member should use necessary conditions. The structural differentia (being positioned in flow stream) is harder to make sufficient under OWA - other components or hybrid devices might satisfy the conditions but not be classified as standard valve closure members."@en ;